‘I think one of the ways they will help is to create awareness’: primary school teachers’ perceptions of cardiovascular diseases in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Kingsley Udeh ◽  
Candidus Nwakasi ◽  
John Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

The increasing incidence and prevalence of non-communicable diseases is a major global health concern. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for the highest percentage of deaths related to non-communicable diseases, and low and middle-income countries (LMIC) face the highest burden of CVDs. Understanding the knowledge and perception of CVDs and their risk factors in an LMIC such as Nigeria may play an important role in cardiovascular health promotion and improvement plans to reduce CVD-related deaths. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews to gain an in-depth understanding of some personal and sociocultural views on CVDs and their risk factors. The participants were purposively sampled primary school teachers in South-Eastern Nigeria. Thematic analysis approach was used for data analysis. The study findings include knowledge of heart disease, perceived causes and risk factors of CVDs, spirituality, and the way forward. Overall, the knowledge of CVDs in the setting was found to be related to the psychosocial nature of the participants; the effectiveness of any intervention needs to take these factors into consideration. For example, health policies for CVD health education and awareness should be tailored to address some of the issues of belief, values, and religion, as mentioned in the study.

scholarly journals The epidemiological situation as a factor determining the strategy for reducing mortality in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Boytsov ◽  
S A Shalnova ◽  
A D Deev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Chronic non - communicable diseases, mainly cardiovascular diseases, are the leading cause of death worldwide, including in the Russian Federation (RF). The article analyzes the negative and positive trends of the most relevant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases for the period from 2013 to 2017, and also provides a strategy for reducing mortality in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024 based on data from an epidemiological analysis.

scholarly journals FINAL-YEAR PRE-SERVICE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDING OF INQUIRY-BASED-SCIENCE TEACHING

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanyisile Brenda Nhlengethwa ◽  
Nadaraj Govender ◽  
Doras Sibanda
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Science Teaching ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Directed Learning

Teachers’ accurate understanding of Inquiry-Based Science Teaching (IBST) is crucial for the proper enactment of this pedagogical approach. In this research, a qualitative case study design was used to explore and interpret pre-service teachers’ understanding of IBST at the conclusion of their three-year primary diploma at a university in Swaziland. Data were collected using a semi-structured teaching scenario-based questionnaire in conjunction with individual semi-structured interviews. Thirty-four participants completed the questionnaire and eight of them were subsequently interviewed. The data were analyzed using a conceptual framework of IBST that outlines two dimensions of IBST; namely the cognitive and guidance dimensions. The results show that in the cognitive dimension, participants focused mainly on the procedural domain. With regard to the guidance dimension, they associated the pedagogical approach more with teacher-directed than learner-directed learning activities. This paper recommends that in training pre-service primary school teachers, teacher educators must broaden their focus from procedural aspects of IBST to include all its aspects; thereby developing their pre-service teachers’ holistic and deep experiences of IBST. Keywords: inquiry-based science teaching, primary school, pre-service teachers, scenario-based questionnaire, IBST understanding.

“I feel fine. Do I really need to take a cholesterol pill?”

HIV ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Arvind Nishtala ◽  
Matthew J. Feinstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

With widespread antiretroviral therapy (ART) accessibility and uptake, HIV has transitioned in many ways to a chronic condition marked by heightened risks of non-communicable diseases. Several clinical and epidemiological studies over the past two decades have demonstrated elevated risks for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among people with HIV. These risks appear to be particularly elevated among people with histories of long periods of uncontrolled viremia and CD4 lymphopenia, and dovetail with traditional risk factors (such as smoking) that are common among people with HIV. This chapter presents a discussion of the evolving epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and putative mechanisms of CVDs among people with HIV.

Teachers’ Understanding and Practice of Mandatory Reporting of Child Maltreatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Falkiner ◽  
Donald Thomson ◽  
Andrew Day
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Child Victim ◽  
Primary School Teachers

Across the eight jurisdictions of Australia, mandatory reporting obligations and thresholds for reporting vary. Teachers are one group of the professionals who are mandated to report child maltreatment, yet some teachers are still reluctant to make such a report. This paper examines the barriers that discourage teachers from reporting child maltreatment and also whether teachers consider it necessary to question a child about the maltreatment before they decide if a report should be made. Thirty semi-structured interviews with Victorian primary school teachers were thematically analysed and revealed that inadequate and inconsistent mandatory reporting training, the need for certainty before initiating a report and the ambiguous concept of neglect were barriers to teachers identifying and reporting child maltreatment. Analyses further revealed that teachers gather evidence to confirm or disconfirm their suspicions of maltreatment by questioning the suspected child victim. The consequences of this practice are discussed along with recommendations to help overcome the barriers to making a formal report when child maltreatment is suspected.

scholarly journals Gender Domesticity Reinterpreted: Housework Division in Dual-Work Moroccan Families

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Rostom Meryem
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Labour Division ◽  
Household Labour

Research on the gendered division of household labour suggests that spouses’ inequitable housework division is determined by economic, cultural and/ or pragmatic considerations. While these factors are partially supported by the literature on household labour division, results of this study further suggested that women perform more housework than their spouses out of choice and are not necessarily unhappy with their unbalanced share. The data for the study were drawn from in-depth semi-structured interviews administered to 30 Moroccan female primary school teachers. Building on Thompson’s (1991) distributive justice framework, this paper focuses on examining women’s underlying motivation for doing a far greater proportion of housework tasks than do their husbands in spite of working for pay. It also states the implications of such a deliberate choice.

scholarly journals Non-communicable diseases risk factors among government school teachers in Jodhpur, Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Vibha Joshi ◽  
Nitin Kumar Joshi ◽  
Praveen Suthar ◽  
Yogesh Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government School ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Suitable Framework

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are considered as life-style diseases. School teachers' behavior in this context could be transmitted to students that may act as determining factor of prevention for NCDs at primordial level. Aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of risk factors among teachers and their practices with respect to common NCDs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jodhpur among 394 government school teachers. Questionnaire was adopted from WHO STEPS tool and responses were documented which included socio-demographic details, anthropometric measurements and risk factors including diet, hours of physical activity, smoking and alcohol intake. Mean age of participants was 43 years out of which 23% were found to be having blood pressure more than 140/90 mm of Hg at the time of interview. 4.8% consumed alcohol and 1.5% was smokers. Mean body mass index (BMI) was found to be 25.4 while only 13% had their cholesterol checked post 35 years of age. The 23.6% had knowledge of reducing fat by using the right type of cooking oil, 35.7% were engaged in any daily physical activity and 76% knew that excess salt was not good for health. This survey assessed baseline levels by identifying the overall prevalence and associated risk factors that provided first step towards initiating surveillance for NCDs among school teachers in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, whilst delivering the necessary information concerning with developing a suitable framework for determining priorities over intervention.

scholarly journals Európai Rákellenes Kódex: 12 lehetőség, hogy csökkentse a rák kialakulásának kockázatát

2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (12) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lajos Döbrőssy ◽  
Ágnes Cornides
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
European Code ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Health Organization

Recently, the Word Health Organization/International Agency for Research on Cancer published the 4th edition of European Code against Cancer with 12 personal advices on how to diminish the risk of development of cancer. A proportion of advices refers to risk factors which are connected to our everyday lifestyle; an other admonishes to comply with the services offered by the health care system. In Hungary, the European Code has not received adequate publicity so far. As common risk factors play a major role in the development of chronic non-communicable diseases, the advices may contribute to the prevention of both cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(12), 451–460.

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