scholarly journals Social, economic and cultural influences on adolescent nutrition and physical activity in Jimma, Ethiopia: perspectives from adolescents and their caregivers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mubarek Abera ◽  
Polly Hardy-Johnson ◽  
Alemseged Abdissa ◽  
Abdulhalik Workicho ◽  
Rahma Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Adolescent Diet ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity

Abstract Objective: To explore influences on adolescent diet and physical activity, from the perspectives of adolescents and their caregivers, in Jimma, Ethiopia. Design: Qualitative design, using focus group discussions (FGD). Setting: A low-income setting in Jimma, Ethiopia. Participants: Five FGD with adolescents aged 10–12 years and 15–17 years (n 41) and three FGD with parents (n 22) were conducted. Results: Adolescents displayed a holistic understanding of health comprising physical, social and psychological well-being. Social and cultural factors were perceived to be the main drivers of adolescent diet and physical activity. All participants indicated that caregivers dictated adolescents’ diet, as families shared food from the same plate. Meals were primarily determined by caregivers, whose choices were driven by food affordability and accessibility. Older adolescents, particularly boys, had opportunities to make independent food choices outside of the home which were driven by taste and appearance, rather than nutritional value. Many felt that adolescent physical activity was heavily influenced by gender. Girls’ activities included domestic work and family responsibilities, whereas boys had more free time to participate in outdoor games. Girls’ safety was reported to be a concern to caregivers, who were fearful of permitting their daughters to share overcrowded outdoor spaces with strangers. Conclusions: Adolescents and caregivers spoke a range of social, economic and cultural influences on adolescent diet and physical activity. Adolescents, parents and the wider community need to be involved in the development and delivery of effective interventions that will take into consideration these social, economic and cultural factors.

scholarly journals ‘I should be disease free, healthy and be happy in whatever I do’: a cross-country analysis of drivers of adolescent diet and physical activity in different low- and middle-income contexts

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susie Weller ◽  
Polly Hardy-Johnson ◽  
Sofia Strommer ◽  
Caroline Fall ◽  
Ulka Banavali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Adolescent Diet ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Objective: To explore perceptions of how context shapes adolescent diet and physical activity in eight low- and middle-income (LMIC) sites at different stages of societal and economic transition. Design: Novel qualitative secondary analysis of eight data sets generated as part of the international Transforming Adolescent Lives through Nutrition (TALENT) collaboration. Setting: Diverse sites in India and Sub-Saharan Africa. Participants: Fifty-two focus group discussions with 491 participants (303 adolescents aged 10–17 years; 188 caregivers). Results: Analysis of pooled qualitative data identified three themes: (1) transitions in generational nutrition education and knowledge; (2) transition in caregiver–adolescent power balance and (3) the implications of societal and economic transition for diet and physical activity. Adolescents in urban and peri-urban areas could readily access ‘junk’ food. Diets in rural settings were determined by tradition, seasonality and affordability. Physical activity was inhibited by site-specific factors including lack of space and crime in urban settings, and the prioritisation of academic performance. Gender influenced physical activity across all sites, with girls afforded fewer opportunities. Conclusions: Interventions to improve adolescent diet and physical activity in LMIC need to be complex, context-specific and responsive to transitions at the individual, economic and societal levels. Moreover, solutions need to acknowledge gender inequalities in different contexts, as well as structural and cultural influences on diet and physical activity in resource-limited settings. Programmes need to be effective in engaging and reconciling adolescents’ and caregivers’ perspectives. Consequently, there is a need for action at both the community-household level and also through policy.

Perceived organizational support and employee well-being

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashal Ahmed Wattoo ◽  
Shuming Zhao ◽  
Meng Xi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Support ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Perceived Organizational Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Family ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Considering work and family responsibility has become an important issue due to changes in the lives of people, understanding work and family responsibilities is essential for organizations in assisting employees to increase their well-being. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to find the impact of perceived organizational support (POS) on work–family facilitation (WFF) and work–family conflict (WFC) and eventually on employee well-being. Design/methodology/approach A survey questionnaire is administered to 1,340 employees of Chinese enterprises. Structural equation modeling is used to test the model fit. Findings Results of this study indicate a significant positive relationship between POS and WFF and significant negative relation between POS and WFC. Results of this paper also indicate that WFF and WFC partially mediate the relationship between POS and employee well-being. Originality/value Over the past two decades, the extent of research on work–family literature has been increased. Most of the work–family research works have been conducted in the Western countries. Very little is known about whether these results are applicable to Eastern societies. This study is extended to focus on work–family literature by drawing a sample from different regions of China. The findings of this study may provide a good understanding of WFC and WFF for Chinese employees. This study stresses the importance of providing organizational support to increase the well-being of employees.

scholarly journals Adolescent diet and physical activity in the context of economic, social and nutrition transition in rural Maharashtra, India: a qualitative study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kejal Joshi-Reddy ◽  
Veena Kamble ◽  
Pooja Kunte ◽  
Polly Hardy-Johnson ◽  
Caroline HD Fall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Adolescent Diet ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity

Abstract Objective: To explore the perceptions of adolescents and their caregivers on drivers of diet and physical activity in rural India in the context of ongoing economic, social and nutrition transition. Design: A qualitative study comprising eight focus group discussions (FGD) on factors affecting eating and physical activity patterns, perceptions of health and decision-making on food preparation. Setting: Villages approximately 40–60 km from the city of Pune in the state of Maharashtra, India. Participants: Two FGD with adolescents aged 10–12 years (n 20), two with 15- to 17- year-olds (n 18) and four with their mothers (n 38). Results: Dietary behaviour and physical activity of adolescents were perceived to be influenced by individual and interpersonal factors including adolescent autonomy, parental influence and negotiations between adolescents and caregivers. The home food environment, street food availability, household food security and exposure to television and digital media were described as influencing behaviour. The lack of facilities and infrastructure was regarded as barriers to physical activity as were insufficient resources for public transport, safe routes for walking and need for cycles, particularly for girls. It was suggested that schools take a lead role in providing healthy foods and that governments invest in facilities for physical activity. Conclusions: In this transitioning environment, that is representative of many parts of India and other Lower Middle Income Countries (LMIC), people perceive a need for interventions to improve adolescent diet and physical activity. Caregivers clearly felt that they had a stake in adolescent health, and so we would recommend the involvement of both adolescents and caregivers in intervention design.

scholarly journals Exploring influences on adolescent diet and physical activity in rural Gambia, West Africa: food insecurity, culture and the natural environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ramatoulie E Janha ◽  
Polly Hardy-Johnson ◽  
Sarah H Kehoe ◽  
Michael B Mendy ◽  
Isatou Camara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Adolescent Diet ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Adolescent Engagement ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

Abstract Objective: To explore, from the perspectives of adolescents and caregivers, and using qualitative methods, influences on adolescent diet and physical activity in rural Gambia. Design: Six focus group discussions (FGD) with adolescents and caregivers were conducted. Thematic analysis was employed across the data set. Setting: Rural region of The Gambia, West Africa. Participants: Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Four FGD, conducted with forty adolescents, comprised: girls aged 10–12 years; boys aged 10–12 years; girls aged 15–17 years, boys aged 15–17 years. Twenty caregivers also participated in two FGD (mothers and fathers). Results: All participants expressed an understanding of the association between salt and hypertension, sugary foods and diabetes, and dental health. Adolescents and caregivers suggested that adolescent nutrition and health were shaped by economic, social and cultural factors and the local environment. Adolescent diet was thought to be influenced by: affordability, seasonality and the receipt of remittances; gender norms, including differences in opportunities afforded to girls, and mother-led decision-making; cultural ceremonies and school holidays. Adolescent physical activity included walking or cycling to school, playing football and farming. Participants felt adolescent engagement in physical activity was influenced by gender, seasonality, cultural ceremonies and, to some extent, the availability of digital media. Conclusions: These novel insights into local understanding should be considered when formulating future interventions. Interventions need to address these interrelated factors, including misconceptions regarding diet and physical activity that may be harmful to health.

scholarly journals How do we improve adolescent diet and physical activity in India and sub-Saharan Africa? Findings from the Transforming Adolescent Lives through Nutrition (TALENT) consortium

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
ME Barker ◽  
P Hardy-Johnson ◽  
S Weller ◽  
A Haileamalak ◽  
L Jarju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Adolescent Diet ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity

Abstract Objective: Adolescent diet, physical activity and nutritional status are generally known to be sub-optimal. This is an introduction to a special issue of papers devoted to exploring factors affecting diet and physical activity in adolescents, including food insecure and vulnerable groups. Setting Eight settings including urban, peri-urban and rural across sites from five different low- and middle-income countries. Design: Focus groups with adolescents and caregivers carried out by trained researchers. Results: Our results show that adolescents, even in poor settings, know about healthy diet and lifestyles. They want to have energy, feel happy, look good and live longer, but their desire for autonomy, a need to ‘belong’ in their peer group, plus vulnerability to marketing exploiting their aspirations, leads them to make unhealthy choices. They describe significant gender, culture and context-specific barriers. For example, urban adolescents had easy access to energy dense, unhealthy foods bought outside the home, whereas junk foods were only beginning to permeate rural sites. Among adolescents in Indian sites, pressure to excel in exams meant that academic studies were squeezing out physical activity time. Conclusions: Interventions to improve adolescents’ diets and physical activity levels must therefore address structural and environmental issues and influences in their homes and schools, since it is clear that their food and activity choices are the product of an interacting complex of factors. In the next phase of work, the Transforming Adolescent Lives through Nutrition consortium will employ groups of adolescents, caregivers and local stakeholders in each site to develop interventions to improve adolescent nutritional status.

A Cross-Cultural Test of a Model of the Work-Family Interface

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Aryee ◽  
Dail Fields ◽  
Vivienne Luk
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Family Work ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Work Family

Recent efforts to more fully understand the mechanisms through which work and family experiences and their cross-over effects influence well-being have stimulated the development of integrative models of the work-family interface. This line of research is represented by the model which Frone, Russell, and Cooper (1992) tested with a sample of U.S. employees. In the current study, we examine the cross-cultural generalizability of this model among married Hong Kong employees. Results of the analyses suggest that many of the relationships among work and family constructs are similar across the two cultures, but that the nature and effects of the cross-over between family and work domains on overall employee well-being may differ. That is, life satisfaction of Hong Kong employees is influenced primarily by work-family conflict, while that of American employees is influenced primarily by family-work conflict. Limitations of the study and implications of the findings for assisting employees integrate their work and family responsibilities as a source of competitive advantage are discussed.

DETERMINANTS OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE FOR WORKING MOTHERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibhuti Tripathi ◽  
Sakshi Misra Shukla ◽  
Kadambari Randev
Keyword(s):  
Working Mothers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
Main Research

Despite the growing prominence in the work force, working mothers are still found to be juggling hard between work and family responsibilities with their increasing share of dilemmas and disparities. The paper studies the determinants of work life balance of working mothers and the potential sources of stress specific to working mothers and their consequences. The study addresses the main research objective which was to find out solutions to ease the dilemma that a working mother encounters while dividing her energy and capabilities between parenting, work, relationships and self. The survey was conducted in the city of Allahabad and 100 working mothers were surveyed on a structured questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze the data with the help of statistical tools like frequency, cross tabulation, chi square and Z test. The major findings of the survey highlighted that working mothers are mostly stressed with their primary responsibility of motherhood to the extent of forgetting one’s own well-being and physical health. The study recommends significant ways to balance work and family and achieve the most desired contentment of a working mother. The study reassures working mothers by reinventing, evolving and transitioning positively through the trials of working motherhood with knowledge, practice, strength and fulfillment. The modern work environment needs to reconsider the special needs of this working population, changing its orientation from male dominance to gender neutrality and parenting friendly behavior. Last but not the least, the family as a whole, needs to adjust accordingly, to the needs of the working mother so as to allow a healthier family to develop and grow consistently.

scholarly journals Dream and Reality of Russian Provincial Young Ladies, 1700-1850

1999 ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Olga E. Glagoleva
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

The poet did not undertake to find out what the young girl's thoughts and dreams were, so I will try to reconstruct them. Fantastic as they sometimes are, dreams nevertheless reflect the ideals predominant in society and express people's attitudes toward personal happiness and social well-being. The realities of life inevitably underlie them. Individual circumstances, as well as many social, economic, and cultural factors, have a bearing upon the relationship between a person's dreams and reality. Closely interwoven, they make up a sort of microcosm that may be balanced or conflicted. Focusing primarily on the intellectual side of this microcosm, I will consider the aspirations of Russian provintsial 'nye baryshni (provincial young ladies) and their everyday life over the 150-year period after Peter the Great's reforms.

scholarly journals DIET AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS A UNIVERSAL FOUNDATION FOR CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT AND LIFELONG HEALTH

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-148
Author(s):  
RAQUEL BEATRIZ LEITÃO
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Individual

There is strong evidence that good nutrition and regular physical activity reduce the risk of several short-term health problems like anaemia or obesity, while also preventing long-term diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis or cardiovascular diseases. It is important, however, to analyse this relationship under a holistic approach to the concept of health, which goes far beyond disease prevention and comprises well-being. From this perspective, health can be seen as the condition that allows the individual to express his full potential as a human being, considering its interdependent dimensions: physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, vocational, financial and environmental. A healthy lifestyle, including not only diet and physical activity, but also sleeping patterns, as well as other factors that have influence on mental and social well-being, is crucial for an optimal child development. The present analysis focuses on children´s diet and physical activity as key determinants of health under a life-course approach. We discuss the early origins of health and disease, along with factors associated with the “building” of diet and physical activity habits that set the foundations for lifelong health.

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