scholarly journals Development of a stand-alone index for the assessment of diet quality in elementary school-aged children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Ella Koivuniemi ◽  
Outi Nuutinen ◽  
Markus Riskumäki ◽  
Tero Vahlberg ◽  
Kirsi Laitinen
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
Nutrition Research

Abstract Objective: To develop and evaluate a stand-alone Elementary School-aged Children’s Index of Diet Quality (ES-CIDQ). Design: In this cross-sectional study, children filled in a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 29 multiple-item questions on the consumption of foods, portion sizes and eating frequency and a five-day food diary. Nutrient intakes were calculated with nutrient analysis software. FFQ questions best reflecting a health-promoting diet with reference to dietary recommendations were identified by correlations, logistic regression modelling and receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. Setting: Southwest and Eastern Finland. Participants: Healthy elementary school-aged volunteers [n=266, mean (SD) age 9.7 (1.7) years] recruited between March 2017 and February 2018. Results: A set of questions was identified from the FFQ that best depicted the children’s diet quality as defined in the dietary recommendations. These fifteen questions were scored and formulated into a stand-alone index as a continuous index score (range 0-16.5 points) and a two-category score: good and poor diet quality. The cut-off score of 6 points for good diet quality had a sensitivity of 0.60 and a specificity of 0.78. Children with good diet quality (49.8% of the children) had higher intakes of protein, dietary fibre, and several vitamins and minerals, and lower intakes of sucrose, total fat, SFA and cholesterol compared to children with a poor diet quality. Conclusions: The developed short stand-alone index depicted diet quality as defined in the dietary recommendations. Thus, ES-CIDQ may be used for assessing diet quality in Finnish elementary school aged-children in school health care and nutrition research.

scholarly journals Diet Quality in Overweight/Obese Women: Higher Protein Intake During Weight Loss (P08-014-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ogilvie ◽  
Sue Shapses ◽  
Yvette Schlussel
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives Accumulating evidence suggests that assessing diet quality rather than nutrients in isolation provides a more accurate representation of the interactions between foods and diseases. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a validated scoring system of diet quality focused on sufficiency of nutritional intake regarding the Dietary Guidelines for Americans wherein lower scores are associated with increased risk of several chronic diseases. The objective of the dietary intervention was to increase protein intake during weight loss in overweight/obese women, and examine dietary quality, as measured by the HEI. Methods Women (body mass index, BMI, 25–40 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either high or normal protein groups during a one-year weight loss trial. Food diaries were collected at baseline and multiple times during the intervention. In this secondary outcome, HEI scores were assessed by entering food diary information into the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Automated Self-Administered 24-hour (ASA24) Dietary Assessment Tool that configures data into 13 food components and calculates HEI in SAS v. 9.4. Results Forty-one women (58 ± 4.6 years of age with BMI, 32 ±4.5 kg/m2) had a baseline energy intake of 1831 ± 642 kilocalories; 47% of the energy consumed was from carbohydrates, 17% was from protein, and 36% was from fat. Also, HEI was 58.4 ± 15.3. Using standard HEI categories, 29% were in the poor diet quality range (<51), 64% had fair diet quality (51–80), and 7% were in the good diet quality category (>80). Conclusions Approximately 14% of American adults have poor diet quality (HEI < 51) (cnpp.usda.gov) compared to a larger percentage of women in this study who were consuming a poor diet. Ongoing analysis will determine if HEI changes over time due to weight loss with higher protein intake. Funding Sources International Life Sciences Institute and NIH-AG-12161 to S.A.S.

scholarly journals Limited Nutrition Knowledge and Altered Dietary Patterns Among Collegiate Females with PCOS (P16-009-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Jones ◽  
Rachel Green ◽  
Kristina Cunning ◽  
Robert Williams ◽  
Crystal Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
Knowledge Questionnaire ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Lifestyle modification including dietary change is considered the first line of treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Diet modification, even in the absence of weight loss, is linked with metabolic and reproductive improvement; yet, the optimal diet for treatment remains unclear.1 Poor diet intake has been previously reported;2 however, few studies have examined nutrition knowledge, a potential determinant of diet quality. The present study assessed nutrition knowledge and explored the relationship between knowledge and diet quality among collegiate women with PCOS. Methods Females attending a public university in Texas were recruited for voluntary participation in a 12-week nutrition education study. Diagnosis of PCOS was confirmed by university health center medical staff according to Rotterdam criteria. At baseline, participants completed a medical questionnaire, 3-day food diary, and Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire.3 Diet quality was assessed using the Eating Choices Index, which provides a score of 1–5 according to four daily eating behaviors: (i) breakfast intake, (ii) two portions of fruit intake, (iii) quality of milk intake (iv) quality of bread intake.4 Descriptive analysis was used to examine demographic, knowledge and dietary data and Pearson's correlation was used to examine the relationship between knowledge and diet. Results Preliminary study results included nine females with PCOS (mean age: 23.0 ± 2.9 years; 33.3% African American; 33.3% Caucasian). Most women (89%) were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), reported seeking nutrition advice from the internet (89%), and perceived that energy from carbohydrates was most likely to contribute to weight gain (55%). Mean score on the nutrition knowledge questionnaire was low (47% correct); total nutrition knowledge was negatively associated with fruit consumption (r = −815; P < .01). Mean Eating Choice Index score was poor (8.7 ± 4.7) and milk or bread intake were avoided by 67%. Conclusions Limited nutrition knowledge and poor diet quality reported among women with PCOS is related. Diet quality reported supports belief that carbohydrates contribute most to weight gain. Specific nutrition education from reputable sources is warranted in this population. Funding Sources Sam Houston State University Faculty Research Grant.

Homocysteine Levels Show Significant Differences among Mediterranean Dietary Quality Index Variables Compared to Folate and Vitamin B12 Status in Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivona Višekruna ◽  
Ivana Rumbak ◽  
Ivana Rumora Samarin ◽  
Irena Keser ◽  
Jasmina Ranilović
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. Results of epidemiologic studies and clinical trials have shown that subjects following the Mediterranean diet had lower inflammatory markers such as homocysteine (Hcy). Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess female diet quality with the Mediterranean diet quality index (MDQI) and to determine the correlation between MDQI, homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 levels in the blood. The study participants were 237 apparently healthy women (96 of reproductive age and 141 postmenopausal) between 25 and 93 years. For each participant, 24-hour dietary recalls for 3 days were collected, MDQI was calculated, and plasma Hcy, serum and erythrocyte folate and vitamin B12 levels were analysed. Total MDQI ranged from 8 to 10 points, which represented a medium-poor diet for the subjects. The strength of correlation using biomarkers, regardless of group type, age, gender and other measured parameters, was ranked from best (0.11) to worst (0.52) for olive oil, fish, fruits and vegetables, grains, and meat, in this order. Hcy levels showed the best response among all markers across all groups and food types. Our study shows significant differences between variables of the MDQI and Hcy levels compared to levels of folate and vitamin B12 in participants with medium-poor diet quality, as evaluated according to MDQI scores.

scholarly journals Altered urinary tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives in patients with Tourette syndrome: reflection of dopaminergic hyperactivity?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Capetian ◽  
Veit Roessner ◽  
Caroline Korte ◽  
Susanne Walitza ◽  
Franz Riederer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Tic Disorders

AbstractTetrahydroisoquinolines (TIQs) such as salsolinol (SAL), norsalsolinol (NSAL) and their methylated derivatives N-methyl-norsalsolinol (NMNSAL) and N-methyl-salsolinol (NMSAL), modulate dopaminergic neurotransmission and metabolism in the central nervous system. Dopaminergic neurotransmission is thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of chronic tic disorders, such as Tourette syndrome (TS). Therefore, the urinary concentrations of these TIQ derivatives were measured in patients with TS and patients with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (TS + ADHD) compared with controls. Seventeen patients with TS, 12 with TS and ADHD, and 19 age-matched healthy controls with no medication took part in this study. Free levels of NSAL, NMNSAL, SAL, and NMSAL in urine were measured by a two-phase chromatographic approach. Furthermore, individual TIQ concentrations in TS patients were used in receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis to examine the diagnostic value. NSAL concentrations were elevated significantly in TS [434.67 ± 55.4 nmol/l (standard error of mean = S.E.M.), two-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001] and TS + ADHD patients [605.18 ± 170.21 nmol/l (S.E.M.), two-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001] compared with controls [107.02 ± 33.18 nmol/l (S.E.M.), two-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001] and NSAL levels in TS + ADHD patients were elevated significantly in comparison with TS patients (two-way ANOVA, p = 0.017). NSAL demonstrated an AUC of 0.93 ± 0.046 (S.E.M) the highest diagnostic value of all metabolites for the diagnosis of TS. Our results suggest a dopaminergic hyperactivity underlying the pathophysiology of TS and ADHD. In addition, NSAL concentrations in urine may be a potential diagnostic biomarker of TS.

The utility of household Grocery Purchase Quality Index scores as an individual diet quality metric

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Haley Wynne Parker ◽  
Carolina de Araujo ◽  
Anne N. Thorndike ◽  
Maya Vadiveloo
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Grocery Purchase

Abstract The validated Grocery Purchase Quality Index (GPQI) reflects concordance between household grocery purchases and US dietary recommendations. However, it is unclear whether GPQI scores calculated from partial purchasing records validly reflect individual-level diet quality. Within the 9-month randomized controlled Smart Cart study examining the effect of targeted coupons on grocery purchase quality (n=209), this secondary analysis examined concordance between the GPQI (range 0-75, scaled to 100) calculated from 3-months of loyalty-card linked partial (≥50%) household grocery purchasing data and individual-level Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores at baseline and 3-months calculated from food frequency questionnaires. HEI and GPQI concordance was assessed with overall and demographic-stratified partially-adjusted correlations; covariate-adjusted percent score differences, cross-classification, and weighted kappa coefficients assessed concordance across GPQI tertiles (T). Participants were mostly middle-aged (55.4(13.9) years), female (90.3%), from non-smoking households (96.4%), without children (70.7%). Mean GPQI (54.8(9.1)%) scores were lower than HEI scores (baseline: 73.2(9.1)%, 3-months: 72.4(9.4)%), and moderately correlated (baseline r=0.41 vs. 3-month r=0.31, p<0.001). Correlations were stronger among participants with ≤ bachelor’s degree, obesity, and children. Concordance was highest in T3. Participants with high (T3) vs. low (T1) GPQI scores had 7.3-10.6 higher odds of having HEI scores >80% at both timepoints. Weighted kappas (k=0.25) indicated moderate agreement between scores. Household-level GPQI derived from partial grocery purchasing data were moderately correlated with self-reported intake, indicating their promise for evaluating diet quality. Partial purchasing data appears to moderately reflect individual diet quality and may be useful in interventions monitoring changes in diet quality.

scholarly journals Right choice of a method for determination of cut-off values: A statistical tool for a diagnostic test

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balkishan Sharma ◽  
Ravikant Jain
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis

Objective: The clinical diagnostic tests are generally used to identify the presence of a disease. The cutoff value of a diagnostic test should be chosen to maximize the advantage that accrues from testing a population of human and others. When a diagnostic test is to be used in a clinical condition, there may be an opportunity to improve the test by changing the cutoff value. To enhance the accuracy of diagnosis is to develop new tests by using a proper statistical technique with optimum sensitivity and specificity. Method: Mean±2SD method, Logistic Regression Analysis, Receivers Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis and Discriminant Analysis (DA) have been discussed with their respective applications. Results: The study highlighted some important methods to determine the cutoff points for a diagnostic test. The traditional method is to identify the cut-off values is Mean±2SD method. Logistic Regression Analysis, Receivers Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis and Discriminant Analysis (DA) have been proved to be beneficial statistical tools for determination of cut-off points.Conclusion: There may be an opportunity to improve the test by changing the cut-off value with the help of a correctly identified statistical technique in a clinical condition when a diagnostic test is to be used. The traditional method is to identify the cut-off values is Mean ± 2SD method. It was evidenced in certain conditions that logistic regression is found to be a good predictor and the validity of the same can be confirmed by identifying the area under the ROC curve. Abbreviations: ROC-Receiver operating characteristics and DA-Discriminant Analysis. Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 30-34 http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9296      

P2-421: Indicators of Cognitive Reserve Moderate the Adverse Relationship Between Poor Diet Quality and Cognitive Decline in Independent Older Adults: The Nuage Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. P806-P806
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Parrott ◽  
Alexandra J. Fiocco ◽  
Pierre-Hugues Carmichael ◽  
Nicole D. Anderson ◽  
Danielle Laurin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Poor Diet

Social Network Changes Over the School Year Among Elementary School-Aged Children with and Without an Autism Spectrum Disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Locke ◽  
Connie Kasari ◽  
Erin Rotheram-Fuller ◽  
Mark Kretzmann ◽  
Jeffrey Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
School Year

scholarly journals Scoring models of a diet quality index and the predictive capability of mortality in a population-based cohort of Swedish men and women

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Drake ◽  
Bo Gullberg ◽  
Emily Sonestedt ◽  
Peter Wallström ◽  
Margaretha Persson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Predictive Capability ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Scoring Model ◽  
Diet Quality Index ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Dietary Indices

AbstractObjectiveTo examine how different scoring models for a diet quality index influence associations with mortality outcomes.DesignA study within the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. Food and nutrient intakes were estimated using a diet history method. The index included six components: SFA, PUFA, fish and shellfish, fibre, fruit and vegetables, and sucrose. Component scores were assigned using predefined (based on dietary recommendations) and population-based cut-offs (based on median or quintile intakes). Multivariate Cox regression was used to model associations between index scores (low, medium, high) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality by sex.SettingMalmö, the third largest city in Sweden.SubjectsMen (n 6940) and women (n 10 186) aged 44–73 years. During a mean follow-up of 14·2 years, 2450 deaths occurred, 1221 from cancer and 709 from CVD.ResultsThe predictive capability of the index for mortality outcomes varied with type of scoring model and by sex. Stronger associations were seen among men using predefined cut-offs. In contrast, the quintile-based scoring model showed greater predictability for mortality outcomes among women. The scoring model using median-based cut-offs showed low predictability for mortality among both men and women.ConclusionsThe scoring model used for dietary indices may have a significant impact on observed associations with disease outcomes. The rationale for selection of scoring model should be included in studies investigating the association between dietary indices and disease. Adherence to the current dietary recommendations was in the present study associated with decreased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, particularly among men.

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