Controlled Crystallization and Transformation of Carbonate Minerals with Dumbbell-like Morphologies on Bacterial Cell Templates

AbstractResearch on the biogenic-specific polymorphism and morphology of carbonate has been gaining momentum in the fields of biomineralization and industrial engineering in recent years. We report the nucleation of carbonate particles on bacterial cell templates to produce a novel dumbbell-like morphology which was assembled by needle-like crystals of magnesium calcite or aragonite radiating out from both ends of the template bacterium. Mature dumbbell-like structures had a tendency to break apart in the central template region, which was made up mostly of weak amorphous carbonate. Further crystal growth, especially at the template region, transformed the broken pieces into spherulites. Rod-like cell templates were essential for the formation of dumbbell-like morphologies, and we propose a possible formation mechanism of the dumbbell-like morphology. Our findings provide new perspectives on the morphological formation mechanism in biomineralization systems and may have a potential significance in assembling composite materials suitable for industrial applications.

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Effect of Nano Clay on Mechanical Behavior of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.877.294 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 877 ◽

pp. 294-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kundan Patel ◽

Jay Patel ◽

Piyush Gohil ◽

Vijaykumar Chaudhary

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Clay Content ◽

Weight Fraction ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Vital Role ◽

Bamboo Fiber ◽

Nano Clay ◽

Different Types ◽

Polyester Composite

Composite materials play a vital role in many industrial applications. Researchers are working on fabrication of new composite materials worldwide to enhance the applicability of these materials. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Nano clay loading as filler on the mechanical properties of the bamboo fiber yarn reinforced polyester composite. Five different types of composite specimen were prepared with Nano clay loadings of 0 to 4 % weight fraction using hand lay-up technique. It was observed that the composite sheet with 1 wt % nano clay content exhibited the optimized tensile and flexural strength. However the mechanical properties tend to decrease with addition of nano clay content from 2 to 4 wt %. In spite of that the values of mechanical properties with 2 and 3 wt % nano clay content is higher than 0 wt % nano clay content.

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Manufacturing Of Aluminum Coating On 3D-Printed Onyx With Cold Spray Technology

10.25518/esaform21.858 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Roberta Della Gatta ◽

Antonello Astarita ◽

Domenico Borrelli ◽

Antonio Caraviello ◽

Francesco Delloro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Cold Spray ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Thin Metal Film ◽

Temperature Sensitive ◽

Fused Filament Fabrication ◽

Aluminum Powders ◽

Thermoplastic Matrix ◽

Military Applications ◽

3D Printed

Composite materials are widely used as main parts and structural components in different fields, especially for automotive and military applications. Although these materials supply different advantages comparing to the metals, their implementation in engineering applications is limited due to low electrical and thermal properties and low resistance to erosion. To enhance these above-mentioned properties, the metallization of composite materials by creating a thin metal film on their surface can be achieved. Among different coating deposition techniques, Cold Spray appears to be the most suitable one for the metallization of temperature-sensitive materials such as polymers and composites with a thermoplastic matrix. This process relies on kinetic energy for the formation of the coating rather than on thermal energy and consequent erosion and degradation of the polymer-based composite can be avoided. In the last years, a new method to produce composite materials, as known as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), has been developed for industrial applications. This technique consists of a 3D printing process that involves the thermal extrusion of thermoplastic polymer and fibers in the form of filaments from a heated mobile nozzle. The implementation of this new technique is leading to the manufacturing of customized composite materials for the cold spray application. In the presented experimental campaign, Onyx material is used as a substrate. This material is made of Nylon, a thermoplastic matrix, and chopped carbon fibers randomly dispersed in it. Aluminum powders were cold sprayed on the Onyx substrate with a low-pressure cold spray (LPCS) system. This study aims to investigate the possibility of the metalizing 3D-printed composite material by cold spray technology. For this purpose, optical and microscopical analyses are carried out. Based on the results, the feasibility of the process and the influence of the morphology of the substrate are discussed, and optimal spraying conditions are proposed.

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Formation mechanism and morphology in precipitation of vaterite—nano-aggregation or crystal growth?

Journal of Crystal Growth ◽

10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.09.090 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 274 (1-2) ◽

pp. 256-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 140

Author(s):

Jens-Petter Andreassen

Keyword(s):

Crystal Growth ◽

Formation Mechanism

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Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Silk and Epoxy Composite Materials

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.889.27 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 889 ◽

pp. 27-31

Author(s):

Norie A. Akeel ◽

Vinod Kumar ◽

Omar S. Zaroog

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Composite Material ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Epoxy Composite ◽

Mechanical Test ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Equivalent Strength ◽

Test Impact

This research Investigates the new composite materials are fabricated of two or more materials raised. The fibers material from the sources of natural recycled materials provides certain benefits above synthetic strengthening material given that very less cost, equivalent strength, less density, and the slightest discarded difficulties. In the current experiments, silk and fiber-reinforced epoxy composite material is fabricated and the mechanical properties for the composite materials are assessed. New composite materials samples with the dissimilar fiber weight ratio were made utilizing the compression Molding processes with the pressure of 150 pa at a temperature of 80 °C. All samples were exposed to the mechanical test like a tensile test, impact loading, flexural hardness, and microscopy. The performing results are the maximum stress is 33.4MPa, elastic modulus for the new composite material is 1380 MPa, and hardness value is 20.64 Hv for the material resistance to scratch, SEM analysis of the microstructure of new composite materials with different angles of layers that are more strength use in industrial applications.

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Impact of the Harsh Environment on E-Glass Epoxy Composite

Volume 6A: Materials and Fabrication ◽

10.1115/pvp2019-93858 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amir Hussain Idrisi ◽

Abdel-Hamid Ismail Mourad ◽

Beckry Abdel-Magid ◽

Mohammad Mozumder ◽

Yaser Afifi

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Epoxy Composite ◽

Uv Light ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

High Strength ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Harsh Environment ◽

Sustained Loads

Abstract Composite materials are being used in many industrial applications such as automobile, aerospace, marine, oil and gas industries due to their high strength to weight ratio. The long-term effect of sustained loads and environmental factors that include exposure to UV light, temperature, and moisture have been under investigation by many researchers. The major objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of harsh environment (e.g. seawater and high temperature) on the structural properties of E-glass epoxy composite materials. These effects were studied in terms of seawater absorption, permeation of salt and contaminants, chemical and physical bonds at the interface and degradation in mechanical properties. Samples were immersed in seawater at room temperature (23°C), 65°C and 90°C for the duration of 6 months. Results show that seawater absorption increased with immersion time at 23°C and 65°C, whereas the weight of the specimens decreased at 90°C. The moisture causes swelling at 23°C and 65°C and breakdown of chemical bonds between fiber and matrix at 90°C. It is observed that high temperature accelerates the degradation of the E-glass epoxy composite. At 90°C, the tensile strength of E-glass epoxy sharply decreased by 72.92% but no significant change was observed in modulus of elasticity of the composite.

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Micro-Structures Produced by Crystal Growth from Located Nuclei and Their Transfer Aiming at Functional Surfaces

Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing ◽

10.3390/jmmp4040105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Nobuyuki Moronuki ◽

Renato Serizawa

Keyword(s):

Crystal Growth ◽

Nanorod Array ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Regular Structures ◽

Tio2 Nanorod Array ◽

Nano Structures ◽

Hydrothermal Processes ◽

Oxide Substrate ◽

Vertically Aligned ◽

Micro Structures

Hydrothermal processes can produce regular micro-/nano-structures easily; but their placement or position is difficult to control, and the obtainable structures tend to be random. For controlling the crystal growth, two types of definite and regular structures were obtained. The first ones were ZnO urchin-like structures synthesized from located ZnO particles as the nuclei. These structures were found to work as gas sensors utilizing a wide surface area. The second one was a vertically aligned TiO2 nanorod array synthesized on a fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate that has a similar lattice constant to rutile TiO2. Super-hydrophobicity after ultraviolet irradiation was then examined. Finally, the synthesized TiO2 array was peeled off and transferred onto a resin sheet. We determined that the substrate could be subjected to repeated hydrothermal synthesis, thereby demonstrating the reusability of the substrate. These results demonstrate the applicability of these processes for industrial applications.

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Tribology of Natural Fibers Composite Materials: An Overview

Lubricants ◽

10.3390/lubricants8040042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marko Milosevic ◽

Petr Valášek ◽

Alessandro Ruggiero

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Friction And Wear ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Fiber Composite ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Tribological Characteristics ◽

Future Research ◽

Wide Range ◽

Mechanical And Tribological Characteristics

In the framework of green materials, in recent years, natural fiber composites attracted great attention of academia and industry. Their mechanical and tribological characteristics, such as high strength, elasticity, friction, and wear resistance, make them suitable for a wide range of industrial applications in which issues regarding a large amount of disposal are to be considered since their environmental friendliness gives them an advantage over conventional synthetic materials. Based on the recent and relevant investigations found in the scientific literature, an overview focused on the tribological characteristics of composite materials reinforced with different types of natural fibers is presented. The aim is to introduce the reader to the issues, exploring the actual knowledge of the friction and wear characteristics of the composites under the influence of different operating parameters, as well as the chemical treatment of fibers. The main experimental tribological techniques and the main used apparatus are also discussed, with the aim of highlighting the most appropriate future research directions to achieve a complete framework on the tribological behavior of many possible natural fiber composite materials.

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Determination of Morphological Textures of the Fibres in Composite Materials Made from Textiles of Carbon Fibres

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.495-497.1675 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 495-497 ◽

pp. 1675-1680

Author(s):

G. Langelaan ◽

S. Deprez ◽

Ignaas Verpoest ◽

Paul van Houtte

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Reference Material ◽

Polymer Matrix ◽

Crystallographic Texture ◽

Orientation Distribution ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Woven Fabrics ◽

Carbon Fibres ◽

Made In

The orientation distribution of fibres (morphological texture) in a composite is very important in determining the properties of the material. Therefore, methods which can provide quantitative descriptions of the morphological texture are essential. One approach to determining the morphological texture function (MTF) is to measure the orientation distribution of the crystals in the fibres. Since many types of reinforcing fibres are crystalline and textured (i.e. carbon fibres, whiskers, etc.) this approach may be interesting for commercial/industrial applications. For this technique to be applied, the crystallographic texture intrinsic to the fibres must be determined and subsequently measurements of the crystallographic texture should be made in the composite. The morphological texture can then be calculated by a deconvolution of the composite texture with the fibre’s intrinsic texture. In this paper, morphological textures are determined in woven fabrics made from carbon fibres embedded in a polymer matrix. Straight fibres removed from the fabric serve as the reference material for the deconvolution. It is demonstrated that this technique is applicable and can resolve the orientation distribution to an accuracy greater than is needed for determining the elastic properties.

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