Impact of the Harsh Environment on E-Glass Epoxy Composite

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hussain Idrisi ◽  
Abdel-Hamid Ismail Mourad ◽  
Beckry Abdel-Magid ◽  
Mohammad Mozumder ◽  
Yaser Afifi
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Sustained Loads

Abstract Composite materials are being used in many industrial applications such as automobile, aerospace, marine, oil and gas industries due to their high strength to weight ratio. The long-term effect of sustained loads and environmental factors that include exposure to UV light, temperature, and moisture have been under investigation by many researchers. The major objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of harsh environment (e.g. seawater and high temperature) on the structural properties of E-glass epoxy composite materials. These effects were studied in terms of seawater absorption, permeation of salt and contaminants, chemical and physical bonds at the interface and degradation in mechanical properties. Samples were immersed in seawater at room temperature (23°C), 65°C and 90°C for the duration of 6 months. Results show that seawater absorption increased with immersion time at 23°C and 65°C, whereas the weight of the specimens decreased at 90°C. The moisture causes swelling at 23°C and 65°C and breakdown of chemical bonds between fiber and matrix at 90°C. It is observed that high temperature accelerates the degradation of the E-glass epoxy composite. At 90°C, the tensile strength of E-glass epoxy sharply decreased by 72.92% but no significant change was observed in modulus of elasticity of the composite.

Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Silk and Epoxy Composite Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 889 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Norie A. Akeel ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Omar S. Zaroog
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Equivalent Strength ◽  
Test Impact

This research Investigates the new composite materials are fabricated of two or more materials raised. The fibers material from the sources of natural recycled materials provides certain benefits above synthetic strengthening material given that very less cost, equivalent strength, less density, and the slightest discarded difficulties. In the current experiments, silk and fiber-reinforced epoxy composite material is fabricated and the mechanical properties for the composite materials are assessed. New composite materials samples with the dissimilar fiber weight ratio were made utilizing the compression Molding processes with the pressure of 150 pa at a temperature of 80 °C. All samples were exposed to the mechanical test like a tensile test, impact loading, flexural hardness, and microscopy. The performing results are the maximum stress is 33.4MPa, elastic modulus for the new composite material is 1380 MPa, and hardness value is 20.64 Hv for the material resistance to scratch, SEM analysis of the microstructure of new composite materials with different angles of layers that are more strength use in industrial applications.

scholarly journals Sequential Laser–Mechanical Drilling of Thick Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites (CFRP) for Industrial Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2136
Author(s):  
Sharizal Ahmad Sobri ◽  
Robert Heinemann ◽  
David Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Fibre Laser ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Thrust And Torque

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) can be costly to manufacture, but they are typically used anywhere a high strength-to-weight ratio and a high steadiness (rigidity) are needed in many industrial applications, particularly in aerospace. Drilling composites with a laser tends to be a feasible method since one of the composite phases is often in the form of a polymer, and polymers in general have a very high absorption coefficient for infrared radiation. The feasibility of sequential laser–mechanical drilling for a thick CFRP is discussed in this article. A 1 kW fibre laser was chosen as a pre-drilling instrument (or initial stage), and mechanical drilling was the final step. The sequential drilling method dropped the overall thrust and torque by an average of 61%, which greatly increased the productivity and reduced the mechanical stress on the cutting tool while also increasing the lifespan of the bit. The sequential drilling (i.e., laser 8 mm and mechanical 8 mm) for both drill bits (i.e., 2- and 3-flute uncoated tungsten carbide) and the laser pre-drilling techniques has demonstrated the highest delamination factor (SFDSR) ratios. A new laser–mechanical sequence drilling technique is thus established, assessed, and tested when thick CFRP composites are drilled.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF WOVENROVING GLASS MAT FOR EPOXYCOMPOSITES

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Mallampati ◽  
Sreekanth Mandalapu ◽  
Govidarajulu C
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Low Thermal Expansion ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

The composite materials are replacing the traditional materials because oftheir superior properties such as high tensile strength, low thermal expansion, high strength to weight ratio, low cost, lightweight, high specific modulus, renewability and biodegradability which are the most basic & common attractive features of composites that make them useful for industrial applications. The developments of new materials are on the anvil and are growing day by day. The efforts to produce economically attractive composite components have resulted in several innovative manufacturing techniques currently being used in the composites industry. Generally, composites consist of mainly two phases i.e., matrix and fiber. In this study, woven roving mats (E-glass fiber orientation (-45°/45°,0°/90°, - 45°/45°),UD450GSM)were cut in measured dimensions and a mixture of Epoxy Resin (EPOFINE-556, Density-1.15gm/cm3), Hardener (FINE HARDTM 951, Density- 0.94 gm/cm3) and Acetone [(CH3)2CO, M= 38.08 g/mol] was used to manufacture the glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite by hand lay-up method. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, SEM analysis, hardness test, density tests are evaluated.

Enhancing the Strengths of Adhesion Bonds Between Composite Surface and Coating via UV Treatments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Asmatulu ◽  
K. S. Erukala ◽  
M. M. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer

Field of composites is rapidly growing in many industries such as aviation, energy and automotive industries. Composites are known to have a high strength to low weight ratio. Significant improvement in the performance of coatings used in the protection of military and civil aircraft has been achieved the last thirty years. Composite coatings are exposed to many environmental conditions, which can significantly affect their properties. In this research, UV light treatment on the surface of composite was introduced to examine its effects on the adhesion properties between the coating and substrate. A cross-cut test was conducted on the composite panels to assess the adhesion of paint to the substrate after the treatments. Coating performance analyses were also carried out using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, water contact angle, and optical microscopic images. The first set of panels was treated with UV radiation for 0, 2, 4 and, 8 days, and the surface wettability was also assessed using the contact angle test. Two coats of paints, including a primer and top coat, were used, and the panels were exposed to UV radiation and immersed in water for 500 hrs and 1000 hrs. It was found that untreated panels showed a much higher contact angle of 106°, whereas the contact angle of panels treated with UV radiation was reduced to 47°. The cross-cut tests showed considerable flaking of the coating along the edges and squares of panels that were not treated, and very small flakes along the edges and parts of the grid square on panels that were UV treated, thus confirming the enhancement of coating adhesion between composite and coating surfaces by UV treatments.

POL and LDO for Harsh Environment Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (HITEN) ◽  
pp. 000075-000081
Author(s):  
Ramesh Khanna ◽  
Srinivasan Venkataraman
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Buck Converters ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Component Selection

Harsh Environment approved components/ designs require high reliability as well as availability of power to meet their system needs. The paper will explore the various design constrains imposed on the high temperature designs. Down hole oil and gas industry requires high reliability components that can withstand high temperature. Discrete component selection, packaging and constrains imposed by various specification requirements to meet harsh environment approval are critical aspect of high-temp designs. High temperature PCB material, PCB layout techniques, trace characteristics are an important aspect of high-temperature PCB design and will be explored in the article. Buck Converters are the basic building blocks, but in order to meet system requirements to power FPGA's where low output voltage and high currents are required. Converter must be able to provide wider step down ratios with high transient response so buck converters are used. The paper with explore the various features of a buck-based POL converter design. Low noise forces the need for Low-dropout (LDO) Regulators that can operate at high Temperatures up to 210°C. This paper will address the power requirements to meet system needs.

scholarly journals Influence of lubrication, tool steel composition, and topography on the high temperature tribological behaviour of aluminium

Friction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Justine Decrozant-Triquenaux ◽  
Leonardo Pelcastre ◽  
Braham Prakash ◽  
Jens Hardell
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Material Transfer ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The use of high strength aluminium alloys, such as 6XXX and 7XXX series, is continuously increasing for automotive applications in view of their good strength-to-weight ratio. Their formability at room temperature is limited and they are thus often formed at high temperatures to enable production of complex geometries. Critical challenges during hot forming of aluminium are the occurrence of severe adhesion and material transfer onto the forming tools. This negatively affects the tool life and the quality of the produced parts. In general, the main mechanisms involved in the occurrence of material transfer of aluminium alloys at high temperature are still not clearly understood. Therefore, this study is focussed on understanding of the friction and wear behaviour during interaction of Al6016 alloy and three different tool steels in as-received and polished state. The tribotests were carried out under dry and lubricated conditions, with two distinct lubricants, using a reciprocating friction and wear tester. The worn surfaces were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed a high dependence of friction and wear behaviour on the tool steel roughness as well as on the stability of the lubricant films. Tribolayers were found to develop in the contact zone and their capacity to improve the tribological behaviour is seen to be drastically impacted by the surface roughness of the tool steel. When the tribolayers failed, severe adhesion took place and led to high and unstable friction as well as material transfer to the tool steel.

Analysis of Additive Alignment in a 90∘ Elbow Channel

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050032
Author(s):  
Hoang Minh Khoa Nguyen ◽  
Dong-Wook Oh
Keyword(s):  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Corner Region ◽  
Liquid Polymer

Short-fiber reinforced polymer composites have been widely used in industrial applications due to high strength-to-weight ratio, versatile manufacturing process, and etc. The alignment of fiber type additives plays an important role in the mechanical properties of a composite material. In this paper, an injection molding process was imitated with a liquid polymer composite flow inside a [Formula: see text] elbow channel. We performed a flow visualization experiment and analyzed the additive alignment of carbon fiber flowing in the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) medium. By analyzing the flow visualization images, the angle changes at the corner region of the elbow channel were calculated. At the corner region, the change of passage direction leads to the change of fiber orientation. It was observed that near to the convex region, fibers have angle change values larger than the fibers traveling near to the concave region.

scholarly journals Geometrical behavior of laminated graphite/epoxy composite using hypermesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.20) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Ch Siva RamaKrishna ◽  
KV Subba Rao ◽  
Saineelkamal Arji
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Inherent Strength

The laminated composite material is  made of ply which are specically used in automotive, aerospace and military applications due to less in weight and high strength to weight ratio. The role of structural strength is very important in composites, as the material is weak in inherent strength leads to damage of equipment made with the laminated composite. Hence, an accurate understanding of their structural geometrical behavior for residual stresses is required, such as residual stresses with different aspect ratios. In present work, various aspect ratios of laminated composite and its residual stresses are investigated using finite element analysis. The numerical results showed, on the residual stresses, that the effects the change the residual stresses due change of aspect ratio of laminated Graphite/epoxy composite. 

scholarly journals Numerical Modelling and Analytical Comparison of Delamination during Cryogenic Drilling of CFRP

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3995
Author(s):  
Arunachalam S. S. Balan ◽  
Chidambaram Kannan ◽  
Kunj Jain ◽  
Sohini Chakraborty ◽  
Siddharth Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Subsequent Effect ◽  
Drilling Conditions ◽  
Machining Operations ◽  
Innovative Techniques

Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) have seen a steady rise in modern industrial applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. However, their potential is being hindered by delamination which is induced on them during machining operations. This has led to the adoption of new and innovative techniques like cryogenic-assisted machining which could potentially help reduce delamination. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of cryogenic conditions on achieving better hole quality with reduced delamination. In this paper, the numerical analysis of the drilling of CFRP composites is presented. Drilling tests were performed experimentally for validation purposes. The effects of cooling conditions and their subsequent effect on the thrust force and delamination were evaluated using ABAQUS/CAE. The numerical models and experimental results both demonstrated a significant reduction in the delamination factor in CFRP under cryogenic drilling conditions.

scholarly journals STRENGTH PREDICTION OF DIFFERENT ORIENTATION UNIDIRECTIONAL GLASS FIBER LAP JOINTS

2012 ◽  
pp. 278-282
Author(s):  
R. SANTOSH ◽  
B. KIRAN
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Robot Systems

Composite materials have made way to various fields, including aerospace structures, underwater vehicles, automobiles and robot systems. Due to the high strength to weight ratio of composites, they serve as a suitable alternative to metals, therefore making the need for a reliable database of structural design more important. Most of the modern civilian and military aircraft use composite materials for their primary structural components (in addition to metals). One of the key areas in composite structural design involves the tensile strength of joints. In the present work, the lap joints fabricated from different orientations of GFRP (Glass fiber reinforced polymer) specimens are subjected to tensile test. The effect of fibre orientation on the tensile strength of lap joint is investigated both experimentally and computationally using conventional software package. The experimental results are compared with FEA using conventional software package ANSYS.

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