Interaction of Epididymal Epithelia and their Secretions with Spermatozoa Supports Functional and Morphological Changes During Long-Term Storage in the Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-550
Author(s):  
Imran Tarique ◽  
Mansoor Tariq ◽  
Xuebing Bai ◽  
Qu Wenjia ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Pelodiscus Sinensis ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
Long Term Storage

AbstractPost-testicular maturation of spermatozoa is crucial for attaining the morphological and functional capabilities needed for successful fertilization. Epididymal epithelia offer a favorable environment for spermatozoa that are stored long term in the turtle epididymis; however, sperm–epithelial interactions during storage, which are enormously important for sperm functional and morphological maturation, are still largely unknown in turtles. The present study examined the epididymis during the sperm-storage period (November–April) in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). Light and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the cellular features of each epididymal segment (caput, corpus, and cauda) and their epithelial interactions with the spermatozoa. Spermatozoa were mainly located in the lumena of caput, corpus, and cauda epididymides. Numerous spermatozoa were bound to apical surfaces of the epithelia, and several were even embedded in the epithelial cytoplasm of the caput and corpus epididymides. No embedded spermatozoa were found in the cauda epididymis. In all epididymal segments, principal and clear cells showed the synthetic activity, evidenced by a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum network and high and low electron-dense secretory materials, respectively. Principal and clear cells in the caput and corpus segments showed embedded spermatozoa in electron-dense secretions and in the lipid droplets within the cytoplasm. No lysosomes were observed around the embedded spermatozoa. The lumena of the caput and corpus segments showed few apocrine and low electron density secretions. In the lumen of the cauda epididymidis, different secretions, such as holocrine with low and high electron density and their fragmentation, apocrine, and dictyosome, were found and are summarized. Altogether, sperm physical interactions with secretions either in the cytoplasm of epithelium or in the lumen may support the viability, morphological maintenance, and transfer of various proteins involved in long-term sperm storage in the turtle. This interaction could help us to understand the mechanisms of long-term sperm storage and provide more insights into the reproductive strategies of turtle sperm preservation.

Lipophagy contributes to long-term storage of spermatozoa in the epididymis of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chen ◽  
Yufei Huang ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
Tengfei Liu ◽  
Nisar Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Pelodiscus Sinensis ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Epididymal Spermatozoa ◽  
Oil Red O Staining ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Oil Red O

Spermatozoa are known to be stored in the epididymis of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis for long periods after spermiation from the testes, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this storage are largely unknown. In this study, epididymal spermatozoa were investigated to determine the potential molecular mechanism for long-term sperm storage in P. sinensis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Oil red O staining indicated that unusually large cytoplasmic droplets containing lipid droplets (LDs) were attached to the epididymal spermatozoa. However, the content of LDs decreased gradually with the sperm storage. LDs were surrounded by autophagic vesicles and sequestered as degradative cargo within autophagosome. Immunofluorescence and western blotting demonstrated that autophagy in spermatozoa increased gradually with the storage time. Invitro studies found that spermatozoa obtained from soft-shelled turtles in January can survive more than 40 days at 4°C. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and TEM showed that autophagy was involved in the degradation of LDs with the extension of sperm incubation. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine significantly suppressed LD degradation. Moreover, adipose triglyceride lipase was involved in the metabolism of LDs. These findings indicate that lipophagy was activated to maximise LD breakdown, which contributes to long-term sperm storage in the epididymis of P. sinensis.

Maintenance and Support of Hydraulic Thrust Vector Control Systems for Long-Term Unattended Storage

1963 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas N. Fruktow ◽  
Leo E. Gatzek
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Thrust Vector Control ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Ballistic Missiles ◽  
Operational Readiness ◽  
Thrust Vector

Second-generation ballistic missiles are being developed for compatibility with the concept of long-term storage in permanent underground housing, with missiles in firing position, and in a condition of full operational readiness. It is intended that operational status be maintainable without major interruption over a three-year storage period. This report investigates the various factors which are considered to significantly influence the capability of hydraulic thrust vector control systems to remain in a state of operational readiness when subjected to such periods of inert storage as components of total missile configurations. The following sections present a detailed outline of technical difficulties which may be encountered, information and data resulting from applicable test programs, and the general nature of solutions to apparent problems. The design concept of a storable hydraulic thrust control system is considered to be feasible, but may be effectively achieved only by fulfillment of certain stringent design requirements and by further development of preservation techniques to preclude the need for in-field maintenance.

scholarly journals Effect of nanosized calcium and magnesium particles on absorption in peach tree leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Ryoung Park ◽  
Yoon-Hee Jang ◽  
Il Kyung Chung ◽  
Kyung-Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Peach Trees

Plants require a variety of elements to grow. Of these, calcium and magnesium play an important role in strengthening the cell wall. Although peaches (Prunus Persica) are highly preferred by consumers, they ripen quickly and become soft over a relatively short period of time after harvesting, making them difficult to transport and store. In addition, the ripening process of peaches proceeds very quickly. In addition, cell walls are weakened during maturation, and various pathogens can easily grow, causing rapid decay. Therefore, yield loss occurs during long-term storage or transport. To increase the storage period, a method to delay softening action is required. One potential means to improve firmness is improve calcium and magnesium content as these elements make up and strengthen cell walls. However, calcium and magnesium are not readily absorbed by plants. In this study, the size of calcium and magnesium particles were reduced to less than 900 nm via grinding and their absorption rates were evaluated in the leaves of peach trees. When plant nutrients with a small particle size by nanotechnology were sprayed on peach trees, the content of calcium and magnesium was increased in the petioles, adaxial, abaxial, and leaf side. Therefore, a reduction in the particle size of calcium and magnesium increases the absorption rate in peach leaves.

scholarly journals The Influence of 1-Methylcyclopropene on `Cortland' and `McIntosh' Apple Quality Following Long-term Storage

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1062-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. DeLong ◽  
Robert K. Prange ◽  
Peter A. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Apple Quality ◽  
Term Storage

`Redcort Cortland' and `Redmax' and `Summerland McIntosh' apples (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) were treated with 900 nL·L-1 of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 24 hours at 20 °C before storage and were kept at 3 °C in either a controlled atmosphere (CA) of 2 kPa O2 and <2.5 kPa CO2 or in an air (RA) environment for up to 9 months. After 4.5 months, half of the fruit were treated with a second 900 nL·L-1 1-MCP application in air at 3 °C for 24 hours and then returned to RA or CA storage. At harvest and following removal at 3, 6, and 9 months and a 7-day shelf life at 20 °C, fruit firmness, titratable acidity (TA) and soluble solids content (SSC) were measured, while internal ethylene concentrations (IEC) in the apple core were quantified after 1 day at 20 °C. Upon storage removal and following a 21-day shelf life at 20 °C, disorder incidence was evaluated. 1-MCP-treated apples, particularly those held in CA-storage, were more firm and had lower IEC than untreated fruit. Higher TA levels were maintained with 1-MCP in all three strains from both storages, while SSC was not affected. Following the 6- and/or 9-month removals, 1-MCP suppressed superficial scald development in all strains and reduced core browning and senescent breakdown in RA-stored `Redmax' and `Summerland' and senescent breakdown in RA-stored `Redcort'. 1-MCP generally maintained the quality of `Cortland' and `McIntosh' fruit held in CA and RA environments (particularly the former) to a higher degree than untreated apples over the 9-month storage period. A second midstorage application of 1-MCP at 3 °C did not improve poststorage fruit quality above a single, prestorage treatment.

scholarly journals Scientific significance of using protective devices in pear storage in refrigerated warehouses (in the case of Uzbekistan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
A Sh Azizov ◽  
K S Sultonov ◽  
J A Gafurov
Keyword(s):  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Initial Research ◽  
Main Factor

Abstract In this article, a scientific study on the long-term storage of Santa Maria pears in refrigerated warehouses through using modern protective equipment, special bags and ethylene-absorbing absorbers, was conducted. Accordingly, the main factor influencing the long shelf life of pears was the natural loss during the storage. It was considered that calculation and analysis of effects inducing the natural loss were pivotal to improve the preservation of the fruit, maintain freshness and all useful elements of the fruit, and prolong the storage period. Ethylene absorber and Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) packages were used in the initial research step, and collected pears were placed in the refrigerator at a temperature of 0-2°C in 8 different Options. Results showed that the higher natural loss in the fruit stored without employing any means (in option 1) was 5.45% equal to 193.9 gram, whereas the best result was in Option 7 used the MAP special plastic bag and two pieces of absorbers, and compared to the initial weight, 4099 grams, the natural loss in the fruit was 1.20% equal to 47.7 gram.

Apoptotic-like changes in epididymal spermatozoa of soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus sinensis, during long-term storage at 4 ºC

2019 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 134-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chen ◽  
Yufei Huang ◽  
Xuebing Bai ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
Imran Tarique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelodiscus Sinensis ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Epididymal Spermatozoa ◽  
Term Storage

scholarly journals Evaluation of long term storage of apples by means of fractal analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Ľ. Kubík ◽  
A. Pavelková ◽  
T. Hornyák ◽  
P. Kováč ◽  
V. Horčin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Structure Degradation ◽  
Term Storage

Realization of long-term apple storage requires the most detailed information about the flesh structure and texture, whose quality is contributing by responsible way to the whole quality of the evaluated fruits. The fractal analysis that the fractal dimension of the flesh structure determination is enabling was used. Structure degradation of four apples variants of the variety Idared was evaluated by fractal dimension during long-term storage in standard conditions. The influence of the storage on the fractal dimension was investigated by means of regression dependencies. The dependences express a decrease of the fractal dimension value in the relation to the increasing storage period. The influence of long term storage and influence of the variants of the fertilization on the fractal dimension was confirmed by means of analysis of variance. Connectivity between fractal dimension and descriptors of quality of the apple flesh structure was determined with utilization of the sensoric analysis. Fractal dimension expresses the structural and textural properties of the apple flesh.

Research on the Effect of Prehydration of Portland Cement Stored in Normal Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 670-671 ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Adamtsevich ◽  
Aleksey Eremin ◽  
Andrey Pustovgar ◽  
Stanislav Pashkevich ◽  
Sergey Nefedov
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Heat Evolution ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Moisture Influence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Activity Decrease ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Term Storage

This article is a stage of the author’s research into the impact of different factors on the hydration of mineral binders. The problem of cement activity decrease due to adsorption moisture influence during long-term storage in normal conditions (20°C and 50% RH) was examined. The influence of storage period in airtight and non-airtight conditions on the kinetics of heat evolution during hydration as well as on phase composition of Portland cement was characterized using experimental methods.

scholarly journals Effect of Biostimulants and Storage on Discoloration Potential of Carrot

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1894
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Szczepanek ◽  
Jarosław Pobereżny ◽  
Elżbieta Wszelaczyńska ◽  
Katarzyna Gościnna
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

The application of biostimulants to prevent stress-related losses and increase productivity is becoming an increasingly common practice. A study was carried out to determine the effect of the type and methods of biostimulant application and long-term storage on the content of antioxidant compounds determining the processes of the enzymatic browning of carrot roots. The natural seaweed biostimulant Kelpak and synthetic Asahi were applied as part of the study. A quality assessment of carrot roots was carried out directly after harvest and after six months of storage in air at a temperature of 1 °C and a relative humidity of 95%. A single application of Kelpak seaweed extract in the four-leaf phase (2 or 3 dm3 ha−1) proved to be the most effective for reducing oxidative darkening processes (by 33.5%). The oxidative potential was most strongly dependent on the anthocyanin (r = −0.477) and chlorogenic acid (r = −0.474) contents. The concentration of polyphenols (r = 0.836; r = 0.719) and flavonoids (r = 0.671; r = 0.729) had the greatest effect on the antioxidant capacity (FRAP and ABTS respectively). It was observed that pectin, polyphenol, chlorogenic acid, flavonoid and anthocyanin concentrations tended to increase after a single application of Kelpak in a dose of 2 dm3 ha−1. A long-term storage period had a stronger effect on the increase in the oxidation potential than on the antioxidant capacity FRAP value.

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