Trichostrongylus colubriformis affecting sheep phosphorus metabolism and precision feeding as a mitigating strategy

Abstract This review details the negative effects of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in sheep phosphorus metabolism and direct and indirect impacts from high excretion from susceptible animals, as well as the advantages offered by precision feeding as potential strategies to mitigate loss. In sheep infected with T. colubriformis there is a high reduction in P bioavailability, because of depression in the absorptive capacity of this mineral, affecting the absorption and recycling of P to the digestive tract, causing mineral deficiency. Therefore, precision feeding compiles animal genetics information, feeding type and grazing management to control animal feed intake and quantity and quality of manure produced. In this sense, the adoption of precision feeding can provide a better arrangement of the information, making sheep production more economically, socially and environmentally sustainable.

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Introduction

How China is Reshaping the Global Economy ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198738510.003.0014 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Rhys Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Global Economy ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Economic Relations ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽

Indirect Impacts ◽

The Impact

This is a brief introduction to the re-emergence of China as a global economic power, emphasizing the role played by changes in the global economy from the 1970s and the internal reforms in China from the end of the 1970s. It describes briefly the importance of economic relations with China for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and introduces contrasting views of the impact of China on SSA and LAC. It emphasizes a framework which highlights both the direct and indirect impacts of China on the two regions, and identifies both positive and negative effects. It provides an outline of the main parts and chapters of the book.

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Assessing the Levels of Awareness among European Citizens about the Direct and Indirect Impacts of Plastics on Human Health

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3116

Author(s):

Jelena Barbir ◽

Walter Leal Filho ◽

Amanda Lange Salvia ◽

Maren Theresa Christin Fendt ◽

Rachel Babaganov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

General Public ◽

Online Survey ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Plastic Bag ◽

Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽

Indirect Impacts ◽

Scientific Facts ◽

Available Information

There is an urgent need to assess European citizens’ perspective regarding their plastic consumption and to evaluate their awareness of the direct and indirect effect of plastics on human health in order to influence current behavior trends. In this study, the evaluation has been cross-related with scientific facts, with the final aim of detecting the most recommendable paths in increasing human awareness, reducing plastic consumption, and consequently impacting human health. A statistical analysis of quantitative data, gathered from 1000 European citizens via an online survey in the period from May to June 2020, showed that a general awareness about the direct impact of plastic consumption and contamination (waste) on human health is high in Europe. However, only a few participants (from a higher educational group) were aware of the indirect negative effects that oil extraction and industrial production of plastic can have on human health. This finding calls for improved availability of this information to general public. Despite the participants’ positive attitude toward active plastic reduction (61%), plastic consumption on a daily basis is still very high (86%). The most common current actions toward plastic reduction are plastic bag usage, reusage, or replacement with sustainable alternatives (e.g., textile bags) and selecting products with less plastic packaging. The participants showed important criticism toward the information available to the general public about plastics and health. This awareness is important since significant relation has been found between the available information and the participants’ decisions on the actions they might undertake to reduce plastic consumption. The study clearly showed the willingness of the participants to take action, but they also requested to be strongly supported with joint efforts from government, policies, and marketing, defining it as the most successful way toward implementing these changes.

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Bovine respiratory disease treatment failure: definition and impact

Animal Health Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s146625232000016x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 172-174

Author(s):

Calvin W. Booker

Keyword(s):

Treatment Failure ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽

Chronically Ill ◽

Employee Morale ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Disease Treatment ◽

Carcass Disposal ◽

Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽

Indirect Impacts

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) treatment failure occurs when animals receiving a treatment regimen for BRD fail to directly return to health, resulting in chronic illness and a requirement for repeated treatments, sale for salvage slaughter, euthanasia or death. BRD treatment failure has both direct and indirect impacts. Direct impacts include costs to manage chronically ill animals, including those associated with BRD relapse treatment; reduced returns from animals sent for salvage slaughter, loss of the initial investment to purchase the animal and feed and other accumulated expenses to death, and costs associated with carcass disposal. Indirect impacts include costs of infrastructure requirements, and negative effects on animal welfare and employee morale.

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Comparative Study Of Green Practices In Haryana State Universities

Think India ◽

10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8439 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 1008-1016

Author(s):

Priyanka ◽

Ms Ipshita Bansal

Keyword(s):

State Universities ◽

Small Cities ◽

Large Size ◽

Green Practices ◽

Size Population ◽

Multiple Case ◽

Multiple Case Studies ◽

Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽

Indirect Impacts ◽

Complex Activities

Universities in the state are regarded as ‘small cities’ due to their large size, population, and the various complex activities taking place in campuses, which have some serious direct and indirect impacts on the environment. The current study focuses on the green practices in state universities of Haryana. The comparative analysis has been done between the multiple case studies and find out the best green practices being adopted in universities for moving towards making the green campus and recommend the area of improvement for making environment sustainable campus.

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Impact of Entrepreneurship Extracurricular Activities and Inspiration on Entrepreneurial Intention: Mediator and Moderator Effect

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/21582440211032174 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 215824402110321

Author(s):

Thuy Thu Nguyen ◽

Linh Thi Phuong Nguyen ◽

Hoa Thi Thanh Phan ◽

Anh Trong Vu

Keyword(s):

Extracurricular Activities ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Entrepreneurial Intention ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Moderator Effect ◽

Technical Students ◽

Research Findings ◽

Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽

Indirect Impacts ◽

The Impact

This empirical study proposed a comprehensive model testing the direct and indirect impacts of entrepreneurship extracurricular activities and entrepreneurship inspiration on students’ entrepreneurial intention. With the sample consisting of 640 students from 11 universities in Vietnam, the study used structural equation modeling analysis approach. The results revealed that entrepreneurship extracurricular activities and entrepreneurship inspiration are significantly related to students’ entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurship self-efficacy partially mediates these relations. The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention differs across the field of study. Technical students generally get more benefits from entrepreneurship educational activities than business and economics students do. The research findings recommended some implications for fostering graduates’ entrepreneurship in emerging countries.

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Group Facilitation on Societal Disruption and Collapse: Insights from Deep Adaptation

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13116280 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 6280

Author(s):

Jem Bendell ◽

Katie Carr

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Environmental Degradation ◽

First Person ◽

Group Facilitation ◽

Environmental Destruction ◽

Difficult Conversations ◽

Radical Uncertainty ◽

Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽

Indirect Impacts

This article synthesises the practice and rationale behind ways of facilitating gatherings on topics of societal disruption and collapse, which is argued to be useful for lessening damaging responses. The authors draw on first-person inquiry as facilitators of gatherings, both online and in person, in the post-sustainability field of ‘Deep Adaptation,’ particularly since 2018. This term describes an agenda and framework for people who believe in the probable, inevitable or unfolding collapse of industrial consumer societies, due to the direct and indirect impacts of human-caused climate change and environmental degradation. Some of the principles of Deep Adaptation facilitation are summarised, such as containment, to enable co-responsibility for a safe enough space for difficult conversations. Another key principle is welcoming radical uncertainty in response to the anxieties that people feel from their anticipation of collapse. A third principle is making space for difficult emotions, which are welcomed as a natural and ongoing response to our predicament. A fourth aspect is a curiosity about processes of othering and separation. This paper provides a review of the theories that a reason for environmental destruction is the process of othering people and nature as being less significant or meaningful. One particular modality called Deep Relating is outlined.

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A Holistic Intersection Rating System (HIRS)—A Novel Methodology to Measure the Holistic Operational Performance of Signalized Urban Intersections

Smart Cities ◽

10.3390/smartcities4030054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 1018-1038

Author(s):

Wesam Emad Saba ◽

Salwa M. Beheiry ◽

Ghassan Abu-Lebdeh ◽

Mustafa S. AL-Tekreeti

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Local Economy ◽

Rating System ◽

Operational Performance ◽

Community Activities ◽

Community Wellbeing ◽

Importance Index ◽

Health Community ◽

Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽

Indirect Impacts

Signalized urban intersections are key components of urban transportation networks. They are traditionally viewed and designed as primarily motorized traffic facilities, and thus their physical and operational designs have traditionally aimed at maximizing traffic throughput subject to constraints dictated by vehicular safety requirements and pedestrian crossing needs. Seen from a holistic viewpoint, urban intersections are hubs or effective centers of community activities of which traffic flow is only one. Those hubs have direct and indirect impacts on the overlapping traffic functionalities, the environment, public health, community wellbeing, and the local economy. This study proposes a new rating system, the Holistic Intersection Rating System (HIRS), aimed at appraising signalized intersections from a more inclusive viewpoint. This appraisal covers traffic functionality, sustainability, and public health and community wellbeing. This rating system can be used as a guide to conceive, plan, or design new intersections or revamp existing ones. HIRS rates signalized urban intersections based on the level of use of relevant enabling technologies, and the physical and operational designs that allow those intersections to operate holistically, thus leading to a more human-centric and sustainable operational performance. HIRS was validated using a panel of experts in construction, transportation, and public health. The Relative Importance Index (RII) method was used to weigh the HIRS features. The rating system was piloted on a sample of 20 intersections in different cities in the UAE. The results revealed glaring gaps in services to or the consideration of pedestrians, cyclists, and nearby households. The sample intersections scored a mean of 32% on the public health and community wellbeing section, 37% on the pedestrian subsection, and 15% on the cyclist subsection. Such relatively low scores serve as indicators of areas for improvements, and if mapped to their specific features and their relative weights, specific physical and operations designs and technology integration can be identified as actionable items for inclusion in plans and/or designs.

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Mutualistic strategies minimize coextinction in plant–disperser networks

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2016.2302 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 284 (1854) ◽

pp. 20162302 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Evan C. Fricke ◽

Joshua J. Tewksbury ◽

Elizabeth M. Wandrag ◽

Haldre S. Rogers

Keyword(s):

Network Structure ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Empirical Relationship ◽

Network Models ◽

Mutualistic Interactions ◽

Simulated Network ◽

Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽

Indirect Impacts ◽

The Stability ◽

Seed Dispersal Mutualism

The global decline of mutualists such as pollinators and seed dispersers may cause negative direct and indirect impacts on biodiversity. Mutualistic network models used to understand the stability of mutualistic systems indicate that species with low partner diversity are most vulnerable to coextinction following mutualism disruption. However, existing models have not considered how species vary in their dependence on mutualistic interactions for reproduction or survival, overlooking the potential influence of this variation on species' coextinction vulnerability and on network stability. Using global databases and field experiments focused on the seed dispersal mutualism, we found that plants and animals that depend heavily on mutualistic interactions have higher partner diversity. Under simulated network disruption, this empirical relationship strongly reduced coextinction because the species most likely to lose mutualists depend least on their mutualists. The pattern also reduced the importance of network structure for stability; nested network structure had little effect on coextinction after simulations incorporated the empirically derived relationship between partner diversity and mutualistic dependence. Our results highlight a previously unknown source of stability in mutualistic networks and suggest that differences among species in their mutualistic strategy, rather than network structure, primarily accounts for stability in mutualistic communities.

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Corruption, Income and Piracy. An empirical analysis

Review of Law & Economics ◽

10.1515/rle-2013-0005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Insaf Bekir

Keyword(s):

Direct Effect ◽

Software Piracy ◽

Empirical Examination ◽

Absolute Value ◽

Indirect Impact ◽

Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽

Using Data ◽

Indirect Impacts ◽

Positive Direct ◽

Lower Income Countries

AbstractThis paper subjects the piracy-corruption relationship to a detailed empirical examination. A distinction is drawn between the direct impact of corruption on piracy and the indirect impact which operates through corruption’s impact on per capita income and the resultant impact of income on piracy. Using data for 100 countries covering the period 1996–2010, both direct and indirect impacts of corruption on software piracy are estimated. Corruption is estimated to have a positive direct effect on the piracy rate. The indirect effect is found to be negative and smaller in absolute value than the direct effect for the majority of the sample income range. As a result, the total effect of corruption on software piracy is positive except for the lower income countries in the sample.

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