Genetic diversity of two Indian common bean germplasm collections based on morphological and microsatellite markers

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Sharma ◽  
L. M. Díaz ◽  
M. W. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
The North ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
North Western

India is the second most populous nation in the world after China, and its plant genetic resources are an important basis for crop improvement to meet human population needs. An important legume in the diet of the Indian population is common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Common beans are one of the many important legumes grown in India, but unlike others, its centre of origin is not in Asia but in the Americas. The objective of this study was to evaluate two collections of Indian common beans: one for an internationally available collection of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)-protected accessions and one from the north-western Himalayan region. In total, 149 Indian landraces were evaluated with a total of 24 microsatellites across the two collections, and these represented all common bean-growing states of India. A population structure analysis was used to find groups in each collection, and this was compared across the collections. The genetic analysis of the two sets of Indian accessions with neighbour-joining trees and principal component analysis categorized the landraces into Andean and Mesoamerican gene pool groups. The Andean genotypes dominated the north-western Himalayan collection while the FAO-protected accessions were predominantly Mesoamerican. The Indian subcontinent can be considered as a region of high bean diversity; however, very little introgression was observed between the gene pools in both the germplasm sets. Gene pool identity was further substantiated by the comparison of seed traits, particularly seed size. The role of the landraces in plant breeding programmes is discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding collection in Serbia

Genetika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Savic ◽  
Milka Brdar-Jokanovic ◽  
Miodrag Dimitrijevic ◽  
Sofija Petrovic ◽  
Milan Zdravkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Novi Sad

The characterization of 41 common bean cultivars and landraces from breeding collection of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia, was done based on phenotypic traits and microsatellite markers. Phenotypic traits were chosen from Bioversity International descriptor list. In addition, main yield components were investigated. Analysis of phaseolin type revealed affiliation of cultivars and landraces to Mesoamerican or Andean gene pool. Cultivars and landraces demonstrated significant diversity level with regard to studied phenotypic traits. Identified variation showed high potential for developing new cultivars with desirable combination of traits. Principal component analysis based on phenotypic traits separated bean cultivars and landraces in two groups, which corresponded to Mesoamerican and Andean determined according to phaseolin type. Putative hybrids, with combination of traits between gene pools were also identified. Analysis of microsatellite data, using twenty-two SSR primer pairs, showed medium gene diversity in studied material. Microsatellite-based cluster analysis separated genotypes in two discrete clusters and several subclusters. No clear separation according to gene pool was found between the clusters, however grouping according to gene pool and patterns of phenotypic variation, following these gene pools, were observed within subclusters. Knowledge on detailed relationships of cultivars and landraces based on phenotypic and molecular data would facilitate identification of candidates for future breeding.

The genetic make-up of the European landraces of the common bean

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Angioi ◽  
D. Rau ◽  
L. Nanni ◽  
E. Bellucci ◽  
R. Papa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellites ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Mesoamerican Gene Pool ◽  
Hybridization Event ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Andean Type ◽  
The Common ◽  
African Sample

Here, we present a brief overview of the main studies conducted on the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Europe and other countries outside its centres of origin. We focus on the proportions of the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools, and on the inter-gene pool hybridization events. In Europe, for chloroplast microsatellites, 67% of European germplasm is of Andean origin. Within Europe, interesting trends have been seen; indeed, the majority of the Andean type is found in the three macro-areas of the Iberian Peninsula, Italy and central-northern Europe, while, in eastern and south-eastern Europe, the proportion of the Mesoamerican type increased. On a local scale, the contribution of the Mesoamerican type is always low. On other continents, various situations are seen using different markers: in China and Brazil, the Mesoamerican gene pool prevails, while in an African sample, overall, both gene pools are equally represented, with differences in individual countries. The frequency of European bean genotypes deriving from at least one hybridization event was 44% with an uneven distribution. Interestingly, hybrids tend to have intermediate seed size in comparison with ‘pure’ Andean or Mesoamerican types. On other continents, very few hybrids are found, probably because of the different marker systems used.

Genetic diversity of Colombian landraces of common bean as detected through the use of silver-stained and fluorescently labelled microsatellites

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy M. Díaz ◽  
Héctor F. Buendía ◽  
Myriam C. Duque ◽  
Matthew W. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Fluorescent Marker ◽  
Fluorescent Markers

Colombia, situated at the northern end of the Andes mountains of South America and in proximity to Central America, is an important centre of diversity for common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) that has a mix of cultivated germplasm from both major gene pools (Andean and Mesoamerican) for the species. Microsatellites are a useful marker system for analyzing genetic diversity of this crop and can be analyzed with manual (silver-stain) or automated (ABI) detection systems and using unlabelled or fluorescently labelled markers, respectively. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the genetic diversity of 92 Colombian landraces and gene pool controls with 36 fluorescent and 30 non-fluorescent microsatellite markers and to determine the extent of introgression between the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools for this germplasm. A comparison of fluorescentversusnon-fluorescent marker systems was performed with 14 loci, which were evaluated with both methods; the fluorescent markers were found to be more precise than the non-fluorescent markers in determining population structure. A combined analysis of 52 microsatellites using the 36 fluorescent markers and 16 non-overlapping, silver-stained markers produced an accurate population structure for the Andean gene pool that separated race Nueva Granada and race Peru genotypes and clearly identified introgression between these races and the gene pools. The results of this research are important for the application of microsatellite markers to diversity analysis in common bean and for the conservation of landraces in Colombia and neighbouring countries of Latin America, where similar germplasm exists and where gene pool or race mixtures also occur.

Genetic diversity of bean (Phaseolus) landraces and wild relatives from the primary centre of origin of the Southern Andes

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Avila ◽  
Matthew W. Blair ◽  
Ximena Reyes ◽  
Pierre Bertin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Southern Andes

The Southern Andes, especially the inter-Andean valleys of south Bolivia, is thought to be a probable point of domestication within the primary centre of diversity for Andean common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The national Phaseolus germplasm collection of Bolivia is maintained by the Pairumani Foundation and consists of 449 accessions where most of the accessions are of common bean but some are of related cultivated and wild species. The goal of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of this collection by sampling 174 accessions of P. vulgaris and an outgroup of eight Phaseolus augusti, two Phaseolus lunatus and one Phaseolus coccineus genotype. The genetic diversity and population structure were estimated using 29 microsatellite markers. High levels of polymorphism were found, with a total of 311 alleles identified and an average of 10.7 alleles per marker. Correspondence analysis and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean-based dendrogram distinguished P. vulgaris from the other species of Phaseolus. Common bean accessions were separated into two groups: the first one including Andean controls and most accessions from high altitudes with morphological characteristics and growth habits typical of this gene pool; the second one including Mesoamerican controls and accessions from low altitudes. Inside the Andean gene pool, the wild accessions were diverse and separated from the weedy and cultivated accessions. Low geographical distances between collection sites (up to 100 km) were shown to be related to low genetic distances. These results are important for the conservation of common beans in the Southern Andes.

RFLP diversity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in its centres of origin

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana L. Becerra Velasquez ◽  
Paul Gepts
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Eighty-five wild and cultivated accessions of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), representing a wide geographic area in the centres of domestication were tested for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Genomic DNA was digested with one of three restriction enzymes (EcoRI, EcoRV, and HindIII) and hybridized to 12 probes distributed throughout the common bean genome. Accessions could be classified into two major groups with a distinct geographical distribution in Middle America and the Andes. Within each gene pool, cultivated accessions clustered together with wild forms from the same geographical area supporting the multiple domestications hypothesis for this crop. Estimates of Nei's genetic distances among the cultivated races from the two different gene pools varied from 0.12 to 0.56 and among races from the same gene pool from 0.04 to 0.12, suggesting that the divergence in Phaseolus vulgaris has reached the subspecies level. The level of genetic diversity (Ht = 0.38) was twice the value obtained with isozyme analysis. Genetic diversity within races (Hs = 0.27) was four to five times higher compared with isozymes, but genetic diversity between races (Dst = 0.11) was similar for both categories of markers. These results corroborate previous studies on the characterization of genetic diversity in common bean that clearly showed two distinct gene pools, Middle American and Andean. Moreover, RFLP markers are superior to isozymes because they provide better coverage of the genome and reveal higher level of polymorphisms.Key words: common bean, restriction fragment length polymorphism, domestication, genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Phytogeographical origin of Madeiran common beans based on phaseolin patterns

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 863-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Marques da Silva ◽  
Anísia Soraia Abreu Correia ◽  
Nuno Alexandre Amaral Lopes ◽  
Humberto Gil Moreira Nóbrega ◽  
José Filipe Teixeira Ganança ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
Electrophoresis System ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Pearson Correlations

The objective of this work was to determine the geographic origin of the Madeiran common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) gene pool. Phaseolin patterns of 50 accessions representing the diversity of common bean collected in Madeira, Portugal, and conserved in the ISOPlexis Germplasm Bank, were analysed using the Experion automated electrophoresis system, based on lab-on-a-chip technology. Five common bean standard varieties with typical phaseolin patterns were used to determine the phytogeographical origin of the Madeiran common bean accessions. Ninety two percent of the accessions exhibited a phaseolin pattern consistent with the one of common bean types belonging to the Andean gene pool, while the origin of the remaining 8% of the accessions was indistinguishable. The application of a similarity coefficient of 85%, based on Pearson correlations, increases the number of accessions with uncertain pattern. The analytical approach used permitted the determination of the origin of the common bean gene pool, which is Andean in 98% of the cases, and clustering of the observed variability among the Madeiran common beans.

scholarly journals Population structure and genetic diversity analyses of common bean germplasm collections of East and Southern Africa using morphological traits and high-density SNP markers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243238
Author(s):  
Wilson Nkhata ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Rob Melis ◽  
Rowland Chirwa ◽  
Tenyson Mzengeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Gene Pools

Knowledge of genetic diversity in plant germplasm and the relationship between genetic factors and phenotypic expression is vital for crop improvement. This study's objectives were to understand the extent of genetic diversity and population structure in 60 common bean genotypes from East and Southern Africa. The common bean genotypes exhibited significant (p<0.05) levels of variability for traits such as days to flowering (DTF), days to maturity (DTM), number of pods per plant (NPP), number of seeds per pod (NSP), and grain yield per hectare in kilograms (GYD). About 47.82 per cent of the variation among the genotypes was explained by seven principal components (PC) associated with the following agronomic traits: NPP, NFF (nodes to first flower), DTF, GH (growth habit) and GYD. The SNP markers revealed mean gene diversity and polymorphic information content values of 0.38 and 0.25, respectively, which suggested the presence of considerable genetic variation among the assessed genotypes. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 51% of the genetic variation were between the gene pools, while 49% of the variation were within the gene pools. The genotypes were delineated into two distinct groups through the population structure, cluster and phylogenetic analyses. Genetically divergent genotypes such as DRK57, MW3915, NUA59, and VTTT924/4-4 with high yield and agronomic potential were identified, which may be useful for common bean improvement.

Recent Advances in Temperate Fruit Crop Improvement

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Verma ◽  
Javid Iqbal Mir ◽  
Shiv Lal ◽  
Tanushree Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Western ◽  
Made In ◽  
Indian Scenario

Globally India is the second largest producer of fruits; however the productivity is significantly low as compared to advanced countries. The majority of the temperate fruits and nuts are being cultivated in the north-western Himalayan and small areas are lies in north eastern parts. High altitude and temperate regions are capable to produce good quality fruits. But the foothill where the chilling is insufficient adversely affects the yield and quality. In India, majority of the temperate fruits were introduced from other parts of the world and some are indigenous to India like walnuts and wild apple species. Therefore, the improvement of the temperate fruits and nuts were taken place mainly through introduction of promising cultivars. The exotic cultivars are still the backbone of fruit production in India particularly for apple, pear, peach, plum and cherry. Promising varieties were introduced from USA, UK, Germany, Italy, France, Australia, New Zealand, Hungary and Bulgaria and were evaluated for commercial exploitation. However, in walnutand almonds, production is mainly from Indigenous cultivars/ local land races. These consisted of non-descriptive trees and highly variable in yield and quality traits. Recently, several varieties have been developed in India in apple, peach, plum, apricot, cherry and walnut. The potential of these varieties are immense for commercial exploitation. The paper attempt to document the accomplishment made in temperate fruit and nut improvement in perspective to Indian Scenario. The information is valuable for breeders and academician for further studies.

scholarly journals Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Marker Variability between and within Gene Pools of Common Bean

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Haley ◽  
Phillip N. Miklas ◽  
Lucia Afanador ◽  
James D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of RAPD marker variability between and within commercially productive market classes representative of the Andean and Middle American gene pools of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Six sets of near-isogenic lines were screened with oligonucleotide primers in the polymerase chain reaction-based RAPD assay. Simultaneous analyses with at least three sets of lines enabled us to score RAPD markers between the two major gene pools, races within the same gene pool, and different genotypes of the same race (within race). A “three-tiered” pattern of polymorphism was observed: between gene pools> between races> within races. The overall level of polymorphism between the Andean and Middle American gene pools was 83.4%. The overall level of polymorphism between races within the same gene pool was similar for Andean races (60.4%) and Middle American races (61.7%). The level of polymorphism between related commercial navy bean lines was 39.2% and between related commercial snap bean lines was 53.6 %. The inherent simplicity and efficiency of RAPD analyses, coupled with the number of polymorphisms detectable between related commercial genotypes, should facilitate the construction of RAPD-based genetic linkage maps in the context of populations representative of most bean breeding programs.

Evolution of Grain Legumes. IV. Pulses in the Genus Phaseolus

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Smartt
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Runner Bean ◽  
Interspecific Gene Transfer ◽  
Warm Temperate Zone ◽  
The Common

SUMMARYThe genus Phaseolus as currently recognized contains four pulses: common bean (P. vulgaris), runner bean (P. coccineus), lima bean (P. lunatus) and tepary bean (P. acutifolius). Although these all have their origins in tropical and sub-tropical latitudes, they have evolved in different ecological zones. The runner bean has evolved at higher altitudes, the common bean at intermediate levels and the lima bean at lower altitudes. The tepary has a specialized desert-annual life-form. The occurrence of day neutral genotypes in all species has permitted their spread into cool and worm temperate zones (the common and runner beans) and the warm temperate zone (lima bean). It is possible therefore to grow one or other Phaseolus species in most areas of the world where cultivation can be practised. The common bean has evolved the widest range of growth forms, seed and pod sizes, pod forms and textures, and seed and pod colors. World-wide an enormous primary gene pool has been produced. The common bean pool is the secondary gene pool for the runner bean and vice versa, since partially fertile interspecific species produce sterile or inviable F1 hybrids so that potential for interspecific gene transfer is limited. Thus no known secondary gene pools exist for Phaseolus species other than P. vulgaris and P. coccineus.

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