From Native Sovereignty to an Oilman’s State: Land, Race, and Petroleum in Indian Territory and Oklahoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-233
Author(s):  
Mark Boxell
Keyword(s):  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Indian Territory ◽  
White Supremacist ◽  
Land Race ◽  
Native Sovereignty ◽  
White Settlers ◽  
Governing Institutions

AbstractDuring the first two decades of the twentieth century, Indian Territory and the State of Oklahoma experienced one of the world’s largest petroleum booms, with much of the oil extracted from the territory and state produced on land owned by Indigenous, Black, and mixed-race peoples. White settlers, backed by governing institutions and cultures rooted in settler colonialism, anti-Black racism, and anti-monopolism, struggled to seize control of oil-rich land amid the allotment of Native-owned property. These latter elements insisted that non-whites could not grasp the value of petroleum nor be trusted with the control of such a vital resource, especially in the shadow of ever-looming oil monopolies. Settlers and wildcat prospectors built a white-supremacist oil-field politics that elevated the rights of small-scale, proprietary "independent" oilmen and worked to ensure that the latter controlled flows of crude vis-à-vis non-white property holders and “outside” corporations. For white settlers in Indian Territory and Oklahoma, oil rose to the top of collective imaginaries about race, property, and wealth, encouraging the creation of both legal and often violent extralegal strategies for dispossessing unworthy landowners of their hydrocarbon inheritance.

“SAVING BRITISH NATIVES”: FAMILY EMIGRATION AND THE LOGIC OF SETTLER COLONIALISM IN CHARLES DICKENS AND CAROLINE CHISHOLM

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-280
Author(s):  
Terra Walston Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Charles Dickens ◽  
British Literature ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second Empire ◽  
Mother Country ◽  
The Social ◽  
White Settlers ◽  
Emotional Identification

As Cambridge historian J. R. Seeley writes inThe Expansion of England (1883), the fear of colonial secession, inspired by that of the United States, haunted Britons’ perception of their “second Empire” throughout the nineteenth century, effectively working against a sense of shared national destiny with the white settlers of Canada, New Zealand, and Australia (14–15). One important way Victorian writers combatted the “optimistic fatalism” Seeley observed in his fellow Britons was through an imperial economy of affect, which circulated sentiment and stressed emotional identification between settlers and metropolitan Britons (15). If mid-nineteenth-century British literature can be said to negotiate the tensions of Britain's empire through representations of racial, cultural, and linguistic difference, then narratives of sameness – of British families across the oceans – offer models for cohering the British settler empire. In such a model, techniques designed to reinforce the sentimental bonds of settlers to their families might also reinforce the social, political, and affective connections of the settlers to the metaphorical “mother country.”

Imperialism and the Liberation Struggle in Southern Africa

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Nzongola Ntalaja
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Racial Oppression ◽  
Extreme Form ◽  
Popular Movement ◽  
Liberation Movements ◽  
Liberation Struggle ◽  
White Settlers ◽  
Portuguese Colonialism

After the victories of the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) and the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) against Portuguese colonialism, the liberation struggle in Southern Africa today consists of the heroic efforts being made by the black and brown peoples of South Africa, Namibia, and Zimbabwe to destroy the system of racial oppression established in these countries by white settlers. This system, known in its extreme form of economic explotation and political and cultural oppression as apartheid in South Africa and Namibia, is closely tied to the survival of imperialist interests in Southern Africa. This is why any analysis of the difficulties being faced by the liberation movements of Southern Africa must include a discussion of the specific articulation of imperialism and settler colonialism in this area. For it provides the context in which the African liberation struggle must be understood.

E. J. Edmunds, School Integration, and White Supremacist Backlash in Reconstruction New Orleans

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (03) ◽  
pp. 379-406
Author(s):  
Sian Zelbo
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
The Political ◽  
White Supremacist ◽  
The Public ◽  
Intellectual Elite ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Senior Students ◽  
Radical Reconstruction

When the New Orleans school board appointed E. J. Edmunds, a light-skinned Afro-Creole man, the mathematics teacher for the city's best high school in 1875, the senior students walked out rather than have a “negro” as a teacher of “white youths.” Edmunds's appointment was a final, bold act by the city's mixed-race intellectual elite in exercising the political power they held under Radical Reconstruction to strip racial designations from public schools. White supremacist Redeemers responded with a vicious propaganda campaign to define, differentiate, and diminish the “negro race.” Edmunds navigated the shifting landscape of race in the New Orleans public schools first as a student and then as a teacher, and the details of his life show the impact on ordinary Afro-Creoles as the city's warring politicians used the public schools both to undermine and reinforce the racial order.

scholarly journals Research on solutions for connecting to marginal fields at Cuu Long basin to process and transport the products basing on existing petroleum technology and equipment

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (3a) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Thinh Van Nguyen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Oil Drilling ◽  
Doi Moi ◽  
Oil Deposits

The Cuu Long basin is equiped with infrastructures and processing facilities serving for large-scale crude oil drilling and production operations. However, most of resevoirs in this area are now depleted, it means that they have reached their peaks and started to undergo decreasing productivity, which lead to a noticable excess capicity of equipment. In order to benefit from those declined oil fieds and maximize performance of platforms, solutions to connect marginal fields have been suggested and employed. Of which, connecting Ca Ngu Vang wellhead platform to the CPP -3 at Bach Ho oil field; platforms RC-04 and RC-DM at Nam Rong - Doi Moi oil filed to RC-1 platform at Rong oil field; wellhead platforms at Hai Su Den and Hai Su Trang oil fields to H4-TGT platform at Te Giac Trang oil field are typical examples of success. Optimistic achivements gained recently urges us to carry out this work with the aim to improve oil production of small reserves and to make best use of existing petroleum technology and equipment at the basin. Results of the research contribute an important part in the commence of producing small-scale oil deposits economically.

scholarly journals Cultivating the Soil of White Nationalism: Settler Violence and Whiteness as Territory

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Dallas Jokic
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
The State ◽  
White People ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Nationalist Movements ◽  
White Settlers ◽  
Fear Mongering ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Property Regime

This paper considers the emergence of white nationalist movements in Canada and their relationship to settler colonialism. How do ideas of Canada as a white nation, and fear mongering about white Canadians being “replaced” come to be so effective in a context in which white people have typically been the replacers themselves? While the Canadian state frames itself as multicultural, many of its laws and practices cultivate white nationalist beliefs, affects, and feelings. The state informally deputizes white settlers as owners and protectors of private property and uses them to dispossess Indigenous peoples from their land in order to appropriate it. This deputization protects both the material territory of the state and the affective and ideological justification for the continuation of settler colonialism. Private ownership of land cannot be understood merely as a legal capitalist relation, but is feltby many settlers as a deep, primordial connection to the land. Acts of settler violence both express and shape the racialized core of Canada. I propose thinking about settler private property as what I call “settler whitespace,” which is not only protective and expansive, but also involves the fabrication of an idea of white nativity to Canadian territory. This racialization of space serves to naturalize racist violence, cultivate hypermasculine expressions of whiteness, and ground white claims of exclusive belonging to Canada, all characteristic of the resurgent far-right. The property regime of Canada is not just part of its territorializing project; it lays the groundwork for white nationalist movements.

scholarly journals Research on Economic Evaluation Methods of Offshore Oil Multi-Platform Interconnected Power System Considering Petroleum Production Characteristics

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5521
Author(s):  
Yuming Liu ◽  
Qingguang Yu ◽  
Gaoxiang Long ◽  
Zhicheng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Power System ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Interconnected Power System ◽  
Actual Production ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
Production Characteristics

Offshore oil multi-platform interconnected power system is developing rapidly. The proposal of an effective economic evaluation method that fits the actual production situation of offshore oilfields is very meaningful for the planning and construction of multi-platform interconnected power systems. This article proposes the electric depreciation, depletion, and amortization (DD&A) barrel oil cost S and maximum expected benefit per unit power generation Ie as economic indicators, considering the actual production characteristics and life cycle of the oil field. In order to build a complete economic evaluation system, this article also introduces the N−1 pass rate ηN−1, voltage qualification rate γ, power supply reliability ASAI (Average Service Availability Index), and other reliability indicators to evaluate the offshore power system. When calculating the weight of the indicators, analytic hierarchy method (AHP) was applied to calculate subjective weights, and an entropy method was applied to calculate objective weights. To unify the two weights, the ideal point method is proposed to obtain compound weights. Finally, this article selects an offshore oil field in Bohai Bay, China as example, and analyses short-term small-scale, long-term large-scale, and actual power system as calculation examples in different planning periods. The analysis result verifies the effectiveness of the economic evaluation method.

The Political Consequences of Indigenous Resentment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Edana Beauvais
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
Using Data ◽  
White Settlers ◽  
Original Survey

Abstract Understanding the legacy of settler colonialism requires understanding the nature and scope of anti-Indigenous attitudes. But what, exactly, are the political consequences of anti-Indigenous attitudes? Answering this question requires recognizing that attitudes toward Indigenous peoples are distinct from White racial attitudes toward other disempowered groups. In this paper, I introduce a novel measure of Indigenous resentment. I then show that Indigenous resentment is an important predictor of policy attitudes using data collected from an original survey of White settlers. I estimate the effect of both Indigenous resentment and negative affect on policy attitudes—opposition to welfare and support for pipeline developments—to make the case that Indigenous resentment is a better measure of anti-Indigenous attitudes than affective prejudice, and that Indigenous resentment is an important omitted variable in the study of public opinion in settler societies.

PETROLEUM PROSPECTS OF TASMAN AND GOLDEN BAY AREAS, SOUTHERN COOK STRAIT, NEW ZEALAND

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
R. C. Sprigg ◽  
W. F. Stockier ◽  
J. C. Braithwalte
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Gravity Anomalies ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The West ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Lower Tertiary ◽  
Cook Strait ◽  
West Basin

Petroliferous sediments of Lower Tertiary age are preserved in a number of sub-basins, basin synclines and graben along the western portions of both islands of New Zealand.These form part of the extensively disrupted lineal and platform-like Cretaceous-Tertiary "West Basin" or geosyncline which is separated from a comparable "East Geosyncline" by the geanticlinal backbone of the New Zealand island-chain.Sedimentation in the West Basin was thick (10,000 to 20,000 feet or more) and continuous throughout much of the Cretaceo- Tertiary interval. Unconformities, where present, tend to be local features, but may still represent marked erosional and/or structural breaks. Lithologic and facies changes are not infrequent on a small scale, but these are superimposed on regional sequences that are traceable over the full longitudinal extent of the overall basin.Cretaceous to Lower Tertiary sequences tend to be freshwater and coal-bearing, but may be "paralic" locally. More marine facies are predicted beneath Cook Strait. Later Tertiary sediments are more predominantly marine, and include big thicknesses of mudstone and limestone.Oil seepages occur in a number of situations in the West Basin, and are associated with Lower Tertiary coal measures. In the Taranaki sub-basin the small oil field at New Plymouth has produced a total of 200,000 barrels of oil and 65 million cubic feet of gas, while the more recently discovered (1959) Kapuni condensate-gas field is capable of producing 60 million cubic feet of gas per day, of which 40 per cent is CO, accompanied initially by 4,500 million barrels per day of condensate.The Nelson and Farewell Spit sub-basins of present interest respectively plunge north beneath Tasman and Golden Bays on either side of the Pikikirunl Range "horst". They then coalesce beyond Separation Point and link with the Kapuni sub-basin beneath Cook Strait as part of the modern continental shelf. These graben-like developments are characterised by strong north plunge.Geophysical surveys leading to the better understanding of basin sub-structure about southern Cook Strait are discussed, followed by consideration of possible petroleum potential. Gravity anomalies in both the Tasman and Golden Bay areas, supported by seismic surveys, have confirmed anticlinal structure. Structural and stratigraphic traps for petroleum are predicted in relation particularly to these developments.

Design and Execution of the First Large-Scale Polymer Injection Pilot in Sirikit Oil Field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weeraya Wuttipittayamongkol ◽  
Pannapon Trinavarat ◽  
Warisa Nuntaprayoon ◽  
Monrawee Pancharoen ◽  
Rapheephan Laochamroonvorapongse
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Polymer Injection ◽  
Fluid Saturation ◽  
Water Cut

Abstract Becoming more mature with field-wide water flooding implementation for more than 30 years, Sirikit Oil Field (S1) is going forward to the next rejuvenating step of enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Generally, the field contains light oil (40° API) in highly stratified sand-shale sequences with low net-to-gross ratios. High reservoir temperature, low permeability, and high water cut observed from production make it even more challenging for polymer injection projects. Nonetheless, the success from a small-scale field trial has shown a promising future of EOR application in the field and brought an execution of the first large-scale polymer injection pilot. Polymer screening laboratory tests, a reservoir simulation study, data acquisition program and techniques, injectivity tests, polymer injection unit design, and risk assessment were parts of the pilot preparation, in which the key learnings from the previous pilot have been incorporated. The gathering and determination of baseline parameters including production performance, injection profiles, reservoir fluid saturation profiles, etc., were registered for ultimate evaluation. Then, the continuous polymer injection has been started since October 2019 in two separated fault blocks where 12 injectors and 20 producers are located in different injection patterns. During several months of polymer injection, both foreseen and unforeseen changes have enlivened the pilot management. Although the injectivity test with polymer solution prior to the pilot demonstrated no injection difficulty, several wells have shown injectivity deterioration with time. Mechanical degradation is induced in these wells by the installation of flow restriction devices to lessen solution viscosity and, hence, prolong polymer injectivity. Well integrity issues and artificial lift breakdown negatively affect field production and close-in wells make it harder for voidage replacement control. Immediate troubleshooting and close monitoring have been placed and eventually leads to the recognition of encouraging results. Polymer helps improve vertical injection profiles as seen from injection logging. Saturation logging presents a sign of oil saturation decrease around the wellbore area. Reduction of water cut and rise of oil production have pleasantly come after a few months from the start. Intensive surveillance program will be continued over the course of pilot injection. The critical success of the EOR pilot execution depends on the detailed planning, prudent surveillance and comprehensive evaluation. Sirikit oil field is moving to a turning point and the pilot outcome would lead the way to a further milestone, so as to avoid premature end of the field's production.

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