East Asian Financial Regionalism in Support of the Global Financial Architecture? The Political Economy of Regional Nesting

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Grimes
Keyword(s):  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Major Change ◽  
The Political ◽  
Bond Markets ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Financial Architecture ◽  
Intellectual Origins ◽  
Political Economic

East Asian financial regionalism has advanced significantly since the rejection of Japan's Asian Monetary Fund proposal in 1997. Key ASEAN+3 initiatives include the Chiang Mai Initiative, which is designed to provide emergency liquidity to economies experiencing currency crisis, and the Asian Bond Market Initiative, which seeks to develop regional bond markets. Surprisingly, these initiatives—despite the assertive “regionalist” rhetoric that has surrounded them and their intellectual origins in the analysis of the 1997–1998 Asian financial crisis—are explicitly designed to complement existing features of the global financial architecture, including IMF conditionality and global financial standards. The nesting of East Asian financial regionalism within the global financial architecture results from the political-economic interests of the leading economies of the region. In the absence of a major change in the political-economic environment, nesting is a stable equilibrium and is unlikely to change.

Harold Innis’s Concept of Bias: Its Intellectual Origins and Misused Legacy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Comor
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Media Bias ◽  
The Political ◽  
Applied Bias ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Control ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Intellectual Origins ◽  
Unused Capacity ◽  
Political Economic

Harold Innis is one of the foundational theorists of media and communications studies. In the mid-20th century, he developed his concept of media bias (also called the bias of communication). It remains Innis’s most cited concept, but it is also significantly misunderstood. For example, since his death in 1952, bias has often been applied in ways that are akin to a form of technological or media determinism. This has been an ongoing problem despite the fact that Innis developed his concept as a means of compelling analysts to reject such mechanistic formulations. Indeed, his goal was to promote more self-reflective modes of scholarship and, by extension, a recognition that such intellectual capacities—which he believed were essential for civilization’s survival—would be lost if they were not recognized and defended. More generally, Innis contextualized his work regarding media bias in terms of interrelated historical conditions involving political economic dynamics. Through his application of the concept to over 4000 years of history, he sought to provide his contemporaries with the reflective perspective needed to comprehend the underpinnings of modern biases that stressed present-mindedness and spatial control to the neglect of creativity and duration. Bias was derived from Innis’s studies on Canadian economic development involving the exploitation of its resources (an approach to history called the staples thesis). Several of the insights he garnered in those studies need to be recognized if we are to fully understand his subsequent communications research. Also, tracing the origins of his concept of bias enables us to fully assess the nature of Innis’s supposed media determinism. Typical uses of bias today focus on the spatial or temporal orientations that many assume are compelled through the use of a specific medium or set of media technologies. This misreading, inspired mainly by Marshall McLuhan’s representations of Innis, has led to assumptions regarding Innis’s determinism and a general neglect of the complexity of his original work. To repeat, Innis developed bias in order to redress the mechanistic and unreflective thinking of his day and always conceptualized it in terms of factors that are salient to the place and time being examined. Moreover, he applied bias alongside now largely forgotten concepts ranging from unused capacity to classic power–knowledge dialectics. Lastly, he situated the development and implications of a particular medium in relation to both old and new media (not just technologies, but organizations and institutions also). In sum, to comprehend Innis’s concept of bias, its intellectual and political underpinnings need to be acknowledged, the political economic dynamics of its development and application understood, and the implications of McLuhan’s influence recognized.

POLITICAL ECONOMY, THE STATE, AND REVOLUTION IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRANCE

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-444
Author(s):  
ANDREW JAINCHILL
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Social Order ◽  
The Political ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Intellectual Origins ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The French Revolution

Among the stunning changes in material and intellectual life that transformed eighteenth-century Europe, perhaps none excited as much contemporary consternation as the twin-headed growth of a modern commercial economy and the fiscal–military state. As economies became increasingly based on trade, money, and credit, and states both exploded in size and forged seemingly insoluble ties to the world of finance, intellectuals displayed growing anxiety about just what kind of political, economic, and social order was taking shape before their eyes. Two important new books by Michael Sonenscher and John Shovlin, Before the Deluge: Public Debt, Inequality, and the Intellectual Origins of the French Revolution and The Political Economy of Virtue: Luxury, Patriotism, and the Origins of the French Revolution, tackle these apprehensions and the roles they played in forging French political and economic writings in the second half of the eighteenth century. Both authors also take the further step of demonstrating the impact of the ideas they study on the origins of the French Revolution.

scholarly journals EAST ASIAN REGIONAL INTEGRATION: THE JOURNEY SINCE THE FAILURE OF THE EAEG

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farizal Razalli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The Political ◽  
The West ◽  
Policy Failure ◽  
Contemporary Development ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Political Realities ◽  
Shed Light

The failure of the East Asia Economic Group (EAEG) was more than a foreign policy failure for Malaysia. It actually shed light on the political realities in the region. The proposed EAEG excluded all the region's Western partners. Viewed as a bloc against the West and under strong pressure from Washington, all countries in the region, including Japan (supposed-to-be leader), unanimously disapproved the idea. This paper seeks to understand the contemporary development of the regional integration process in East Asia. The following two main questions are posited- 1) can linkages be established between the idea of EAEG and the later developments of East Asian regionalization process - ASEAN + 3? 2) Can the approach of exclusive regionalization work in today's East Asia? The analysis shows that the tendency toward exclusive regionalization is rather strong. The research, however, questions the plausibility of such an exclusive regionalization given the region's ever strong interdependence with extra-regional partners across political, economic, and security domains.

Renewable Energy in the Brazilian Amazon

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Political Economic

Understanding the political economic drivers of energy planning in the Brazilian Amazon is critical since the forest is increasingly vulnerable to destruction and related, increased poverty. This chapter investigates how political economy affects biomass and hydroelectricity development in that region. It focuses on political economy as characterized by: (1) the needs and agenda of local communities, (2) economic interests and politics at the national level, and (3) international social actors and financial interests. Findings advance our understanding of the political economy of renewable energy by first, focusing on a critical global resource, and second, by implementing a multi-scalar framework that also considers impacts and drivers of climate change.

The state–consumer relationship and the instituting of consumer protection in East Asian societies

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Liang Wahn
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Consumer Activism ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
Consumer Relationships ◽  
Political Economic

This article compares consumer protection policy and consumer activism in Japan, China, and Taiwan to understand state–consumer relationships in East Asia. It employs Maclachlan’s case study of Japan to develop an explanatory model of how political change and state–business relationships influence interaction between state and consumers, and how state–consumer relationships institute consumer protection. The article then compares the three countries, all of which have experienced rapid growth and consumerism, by utilizing their different political developments in the exploration of the interaction between state policy and consumer activism. This comparison highlights the different dynamics that institute consumer protection in the political, economic, and social spheres. The argument is made that transformations in the state–consumer relationship are required to allow civil society to take part in the instituting of consumer markets as East Asian capitalism turns to domestic consumption for growth.

Global Policy for the Cloud

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Cowhey ◽  
Jonathan D. Aronson
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Governance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Data Flows ◽  
Hard Problems ◽  
Political Economic

Part III tests the international governance regime strategy against three hard problems raised by the information and production disruption. Chapter 6 focuses on the political economy and governance of cloud computing, including its reliance on transborder data flows. It analyzes the major economic implications of the cloud for competition and innovation. Civil society innovations are changing the “facts on the ground” even as negotiators grope for consensus on formal trade rules to respond to growing national restrictions on global cloud services and data flows. Further complications involve debates over appropriate competition policies for cloud-based services, especially because these services take revenues away from many traditional businesses with influential political supporters. Cloud policy also must confront questions about creating a trusted digital environment for privacy and cybersecurity. To demonstrate the dimensions of the debate, the political economic interests of the United States, Japan, Korea, China, and the European Union are examined.

Directions of East Asian Regional Financial Cooperation

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chalongphob Sussangkarn ◽  
Pakorn Vichyanond
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Bond Market ◽  
Bond Markets ◽  
Foreign Reserves ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Financial Cooperation ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Further Development

The East Asian financial crisis was the impetus for many financial cooperation initiatives within the region. This paper reviews progress in a number of areas, particularly the Chiang Mai Initiative, which aims to enhance a country's access to foreign reserves in times of stress via a series of swap arrangements in the region, and the development of the Asian Bond Market in order to increase long-term financing for deficit countries so they will not have to rely mainly on short-term foreign borrowing, as was the case prior to the crisis. A number of recommendations are made, including the setting up of a regional organization to coordinate a multilateral version of the Chiang Mai Initiative and further development of the regional currency and bond markets to increase the private sector's access to long-term financing. Given the region's huge holding of foreign reserves, the paper also recommends a much more proactive approach in managing these reserves in order to influence global financial developments.

Leisurely Islam

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Deeb ◽  
Mona Harb
Keyword(s):  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Political Economic

South Beirut has recently become a vibrant leisure destination with a plethora of cafés and restaurants that cater to the young, fashionable, and pious. What effects have these establishments had on the moral norms, spatial practices, and urban experiences of this Lebanese community? From the diverse voices of young Shi'i Muslims searching for places to hang out, to the Hezbollah officials who want this media-savvy generation to be more politically involved, to the religious leaders worried that Lebanese youth are losing their moral compasses, this book provides a sophisticated and original look at leisure in the Lebanese capital. What makes a café morally appropriate? How do people negotiate morality in relation to different places? And under what circumstances might a pious Muslim go to a café that serves alcohol? This book highlights tensions and complexities exacerbated by the presence of multiple religious authorities, a fraught sectarian political context, class mobility, and a generation that takes religion for granted but wants to have fun. The book elucidates the political, economic, religious, and social changes that have taken place since 2000, and examines leisure's influence on Lebanese sociopolitical and urban situations. Asserting that morality and geography cannot be fully understood in isolation from one another, the book offers a colorful new understanding of the most powerful community in Lebanon today.

Negative Media Effects and Islamic Remedies (Penyelesaian Kepada Kesan Negatif Media Menurut Perspektif Islam)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Mohd. Shuhaimi Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
The Political ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Essential Form ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
Effects Of Media ◽  
Political Economic

 Abstract Generally speaking, media is extensively used as the means to disseminate news and information pertaining to business, social, political and religious concerns. A portion of the time and space of media has now become an important device to generate economic and social activities that include advertising, marketing, recreation and entertainment. The Government regards them as an essential form of relaying news and information to its citizens and at the same time utilizes them as a powerful public relations’ mechanism. The effects of media are many and diverse, which can either be short or long term depending on the news and information. The effects of media can be found on various fronts, ranging from the political, economic and social, to even religious spheres. Some of the negative effects arising from the media are cultural and social influences, crimes and violence, sexual obscenities and pornography as well as liberalistic and extreme ideologies. This paper sheds light on these issues and draws principles from Islam to overcome them. Islam as revealed to humanity contains the necessary guidelines to nurture and mould the personality of individuals and shape them into good servants. Key Words: Media, Negative Effects, Means, Islam and Principles. Abstrak Secara umum, media secara meluas digunakan sebagai sarana untuk menyebarkan berita dan maklumat yang berkaitan dengan perniagaan, kemasyarakatan, pertimbangan politik dan agama. Sebahagian dari ruang dan masa media kini telah menjadi peranti penting untuk menghasilkan kegiatan ekonomi dan sosial yang meliputi pengiklanan, pemasaran, rekreasi dan hiburan. Kerajaan menganggap sarana-sarana ini sebagai wadah penting untuk menyampaikan berita dan maklumat kepada warganya dan pada masa yang sama juga menggunakannya sebagai mekanisme perhubungan awam yang berpengaruh. Pengaruh media sangat banyak dan pelbagai, samada berbentuk jangka pendek atau panjang bergantung kepada berita dan maklumat yang brekenaan. Kesan dari media boleh didapati mempengaruhi pelbagai aspek, bermula dari bidang politik, ekonomi, sosial bahkan juga agama. Beberapa kesan negatif yang timbul dari media ialah pengaruhnya terhadap budaya dan sosial, jenayah dan keganasan, kelucahan seksual dan pornografi serta ideologi yang liberal dan ekstrim. Kertas ini menyoroti isu-isu ini dan cuba mengambil prinsip-prinsip dari ajaran Islam untuk mengatasinya. Tujuan Islam itu sendiri diturunkan kepada umat manusia ialah untuk menjadi pedoman yang diperlukan untuk membina dan membentuk keperibadian individu dan menjadikan manusia hamba yang taat kepada Tuhannya. Kata Kunci: Media, Kesan Negatif, Cara-cara, Islam dan Prinsip-prinsip.

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