Perioperative Temperature Regulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
J. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Perioperative Nurses ◽  
Anaesthetic Care ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Patient At Risk

The regulation of body temperature is one of a variety of mechanisms, which play a part in maintaining a stable internal environment in the body thus enabling the body to function optimally. It is crucial that the core body temperature is maintained within a narrow (36–37.5°C) range [Luckmann, 1997]. Thermoregulation in the operating theatre and post anaesthetic care unit is often an underemphasized concern for surgical patients. Anaesthesia and surgery commonly cause substantial alterations in the temperature of surgical patients.Unnecessary heat loss, hypothermia, the typical variation, results from a combination of anaesthetic-induced impairment of thermoregulatory control, a cool, operating room environment and other factors exclusive to surgery and anaesthesia. Estimates of the incidence of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia range from 60% to 90% of all surgical cases [Bernthal, 1999, Litwack, 1995], when this condition is defined as a body temperature below 36°C (degrees Celsius) 96.8°F (degrees Fahrenheit) (Arndt, 1999). Hypothermia apart from causing a very unpleasant sensation of cold, places the patient at risk of developing life-threatening events, which include altered cardiac performance, delayed emergence from anaesthesia and increased rates of morbidity and mortality. Although the aim of temperature management by intraoperative medical and nursing staff is prevention of heat loss, the objective of post anaesthetic recovery room staff is usually the restoration of normothermia. Thus, perioperative nurses need to be aware of the need to monitor patient's temperature, be familiar with different patient warming/rewarming methods and be alert for potential problems that can arise from hypothermia.

scholarly journals Environmental Injuries: Hyperthermia and Hypothermia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda McDonald ◽  
Rebekah Stubbs ◽  
Prince Lartey ◽  
Shaeleigh Kokot
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sport Injury ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
The Body ◽  
Important Type ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Core Body

Environmental injuries are an important type of sport  injury to study as they can occur year-round, through a variety of activities, and occur to a broad range of athletic populations. Hyperthermia (a core body temperature above 38.5°C) and hypothermia (a core body temperature below 35°C) are two common environmental injuries that can be life threatening. This research paper examines the mechanisms of how and why these injuries occur and the effect they have on the body. This paper also outlines preventative measures to take, including identifying internal and external predisposing risk factors, as well as ways to treat hyperthermia and hypothermia to return an athlete back to play.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Fever and Application of Infrared Thermography (IRT) in the Detection of Sick Domestic Animals: Recent Advances

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2316
Author(s):  
Daniel Mota-Rojas ◽  
Dehua Wang ◽  
Cristiane Gonçalves Titto ◽  
Jocelyn Gómez-Prado ◽  
Verónica Carvajal-de la Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Stable Temperature ◽  
Core Body

Body-temperature elevations are multifactorial in origin and classified as hyperthermia as a rise in temperature due to alterations in the thermoregulation mechanism; the body loses the ability to control or regulate body temperature. In contrast, fever is a controlled state, since the body adjusts its stable temperature range to increase body temperature without losing the thermoregulation capacity. Fever refers to an acute phase response that confers a survival benefit on the body, raising core body temperature during infection or systemic inflammation processes to reduce the survival and proliferation of infectious pathogens by altering temperature, restriction of essential nutrients, and the activation of an immune reaction. However, once the infection resolves, the febrile response must be tightly regulated to avoid excessive tissue damage. During fever, neurological, endocrine, immunological, and metabolic changes occur that cause an increase in the stable temperature range, which allows the core body temperature to be considerably increased to stop the invasion of the offending agent and restrict the damage to the organism. There are different metabolic mechanisms of thermoregulation in the febrile response at the central and peripheral levels and cellular events. In response to cold or heat, the brain triggers thermoregulatory responses to coping with changes in body temperature, including autonomic effectors, such as thermogenesis, vasodilation, sweating, and behavioral mechanisms, that trigger flexible, goal-oriented actions, such as seeking heat or cold, nest building, and postural extension. Infrared thermography (IRT) has proven to be a reliable method for the early detection of pathologies affecting animal health and welfare that represent economic losses for farmers. However, the standardization of protocols for IRT use is still needed. Together with the complete understanding of the physiological and behavioral responses involved in the febrile process, it is possible to have timely solutions to serious problem situations. For this reason, the present review aims to analyze the new findings in pathophysiological mechanisms of the febrile process, the heat-loss mechanisms in an animal with fever, thermoregulation, the adverse effects of fever, and recent scientific findings related to different pathologies in farm animals through the use of IRT.

scholarly journals Comparison of Tympanic and Tail Temperatures in Angus and Brahman Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dikmen S ◽  
Davila KMS ◽  
Rodriquez E ◽  
Scheffler TL ◽  
Oltenacu PA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Brahman Steers ◽  
Core Body

In cattle, core body temperature can be used as an important indicator of heat stress level. However, accurately recording core body temperature can be difficult and labor intensive. The objectives of the current study were 1) to compare the recorded tympanic and tail body temperature measurements in steers and 2) to determine the body temperature change of Angus and Brahman steers in a hot and humid environment. Data was analyzed using a repeated measure model where repeated measures were hourly tympanic and tail temperatures and their difference for individual steers during the day of the experiment. There was a significant breed effect (P=0.01), hour (P<0.0001) and breed by hour interaction (P<0.0001) for the tympanic temperature. Brahman steers, which are known to have superior thermotolerance, maintained a lower body temperature than the Angus steers during the afternoon under grazing conditions. In the Brahman steers there was only a minimal increase in the body temperature throughout the day, an evidence of the thermotolerance ability of the breed. In the Angus steers, which experienced an increase in their body temperature from hour to hour with a peak around 1600 hour; there was a significant difference between the tympanic and tail temperature during the times when the body temperature as measured by the tympanic recordings was the highest (1300 to 1700 hour). Our results indicate that the tympanic temperature can be used to accurately and continuously monitor core body temperature in a natural environment for up to several days and without disturbing the animal.

scholarly journals A Case Report on Osborn Waves of Hypothermia Induced LV Systolic Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajnandini Singha ◽  
Amazing Grace Siangshai ◽  
Jashlyn Lijo
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
The Body ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
Pr Interval ◽  
Gradual Expansion ◽  
Core Body

Hypothermia, described as a core body temperature of < 95%, is associated with ECG alteration abnormalities. Sinus bradycardia occurs when the body temperature drops below 90°F, and is correlated with gradual prolongation of the PR interval, QRS complex, QT interval. It can progress to ventricular and atrial fibrillation at a temperature reaching 89°F, which can lead to left ventricular dysfunction. Hypothermia is connected to the osborn waves, which at the end of the QRS complex consist of additional deflection. The inferior and lateral precordial leads are seen by Osborn waves, also known as J waves, Camel hump waves and hypothermic waves. As the body temperature decreases, it becomes more pronounced and a gradual expansion of the QRS complex raises the likelihood of ventricular fibrillation causing ventricle dysfunction.

Frostbite and Hypothermia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey I. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Pleural Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Homeless Population ◽  
Outdoor Sports ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Frostbite and hypothermia are becoming increasingly common as the popularity of extreme and outdoor sports rises and the homeless population increases. Advanced age is also associated with an increased risk of frostbite and hypothermia; thus, their incidence will likely continue to increase as the population ages. Frostbite occurs when there is sufficient heat loss to produce ice crystals within either superficial or deep flesh. Hypothermia is defined as an involuntary drop in body temperature to below 35°C, but a useful functional definition is a decrease in temperature that results in an inability of the body to maintain its natural functions. This review details the assessment and stabilization, diagnosis, and treatment and disposition for frostbite and hypothermia. Figures show factors that may predispose individuals to developing frostbite, long-term consequences of severe frostbite, and an approach for pleural cavity lavage. Tables list factors that increase the risk of frostbite, degrees of frostbite, three phases of frostbite, and staging of hypothermia. This review contains 3 highly rendered figures, 4 tables, and 71 references.

scholarly journals The Effects of Hyperbaric Exposure on Immediate and Delayed Changes in Core Temperature and Its Circadian Fluctuations

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kujawski ◽  
Joanna Słomko ◽  
Monika Zawadka-Kunikowska ◽  
Mariusz Kozakiewicz ◽  
Jacek J. Klawe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Hyperbaric Exposure ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Deep Body

Abstract Changes observed in the core body temperature of divers are the result of a multifaceted response from the body to the change of the external environment. In response to repeated activities, there may be a chronic, physiological adaptation of the body’s response system. This is observed in the physiology of experienced divers while diving. The purpose of this study is to determine the immediate and delayed effects of hyperbaric exposure on core temperature, as well as its circadian changes in a group of three experienced divers. During compression at 30 and 60 meters, deep body temperature values tended to increase. Subsequently, deep body temperature values showed a tendency to decrease during decompression. All differences in core temperature values obtained by the group of divers at individual time points in this study were not statistically significant.

P0250COLD DIURESIS DURING TARGETED TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT AFTER CARDIAC ARREST, MYTH OR FACT?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Jeong Lee ◽  
Minjung Kathy Chae
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Therapeutic Hypothermia ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
The Body ◽  
Targeted Temperature Management ◽  
Neurologic Outcome ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Target Temperature

Abstract Background and Aims Therapeutic hypothermia or targeted temperature management (TTM) has been standard treatment for cardiac arrest survivors with suspected hypoxic ischemic brain injury for improvement in both survival and neurological outcomes. TTM is consisted of an induction phase of quickly lowering the temperature to target temperature (ranging from 32°C -36°C) as soon as possible, a hypothermia maintenance phase of keeping the body temperature at target temperature for at least 24 hours, a rewarming phase of slowly rewarming the temperature to normothermia, and a normothermia phase of keeping the body temperature at normothermia. During the dynamic changes in body temperature, cold-diuresis is a commonly described phenomenon. However, limited studies have characterized cold-induced diuresis during TTM. In this study, we sought to determine urine output changes during post cardiac arrest therapeutic hypothermia. Method This retrospective cohort study included adult patients who underwent TTM after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and were admitted to the intensive care unit for post cardiac arrest care between January 2012 and August 2018. The exclusion criteria of this study were as follows: 1) deceased status before the completion of all phase of TTM; 2) previous end stage kidney disease patients, 3) undergoing renal replacement therapy due to AKI within 48 hours of TTM termination; 4) terminal cancer less than 6 months of life expectancy or previously cerebral performance category (CPC) 3 or more. The neurologic outcome was assessed using the CPC score after 1 month. Good neurologic outcome was defined as a CPC score of 1, 2 and poor neurologic outcome as a CPC score of 3 to 5. The post cardiac arrest protocol recommends a target temperature of 33°C unless the patient is hemodynamically unstable or has a bleeding tendency or severe infection. Rewarming rate was 0.15°C/hr or 0.25°C/hr. TTM was conducted with the use of temperature managing devices with a feedback loop system (Artic Sun Energy Transfer Pads, Medivance Corp., Louisville, CO, USA; Cool Guard Alsius Icy Heat Exchange Catheter, Alsius Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA). We calculated the hourly IV fluid input and urine output rates for each TTM phase. To compare the mean of urine volume between each TTM phase, we used repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results 178 Patients included in the analysis. We observed a increase in urine output rates during hypothermia induction. This effect persisted even after adjustment for variable clinical confounders, including intravenous fluid input rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), initial shockable rhythm, SOFA score, body mass index, and IV furosemide use. However, we did not detect any evidence of urine output increases or decreases during the hypothermia maintenance or rewarming phases. By repeating measures ANOVA and a linear mixed model, it was confirmed that there is a difference in urine output for each TTM phase. Even after the post hoc analysis was calibrated with several variables, only the hypotheria induction phase differed significantly from the urine output of the phase. Conclusion Although our results are some limitations, the findings support the potential presence of cold-induced dieresis, but not rewarm anti-diuresis during TTM. Our study may not fully capture the extent of renal impairment in post cardiac arrest undergoing TTM. However, our objective was to characterize urine output during TTM in post cardiac arrest patients. This has important implications for fluid management in patients undergoing TTM.

Infrared thermal imaging as a method to study thermogenesis in the neonatal lamb

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. McCoard ◽  
H. V. Henderson ◽  
F. W. Knol ◽  
S. K. Dowling ◽  
J. R. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽  
Core Body

The combination of heat generation and reducing heat loss from the skin surface is important for maintaining core body temperature in a neonate. Thermogenesis studies traditionally focus on measurement of core body temperature but not the contribution of radiated heat loss at the skin surface. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of using thermal imaging to measure radiated heat loss in newborn lambs. Continuous thermal images of newborn lambs were captured for 30 min each during the baseline (11−18°C), cold-exposure (0°C) and recovery (11−18°C) periods by using an infrared camera. Core body temperature measured by rectal thermometer was also recorded at the end of each period. In all, 7 of the 10 lambs evaluated had reduced rectal temperatures (0.4−1°C) between the baseline and recovery periods, while three maintained body temperature despite cold exposure. During the baseline period, infrared heat loss was relatively stable, followed by a rapid decrease of 5°C within 5 min of cold exposure. Heat loss continued to decrease linearly in the cold-exposure period by a further 10°C, but increased rapidly to baseline levels during the recovery period. A temperature change of between 20°C and 35°C was observed during the study, which was likely to be due to changes in vasoconstriction in the skin to conserve heat. The present study has highlighted the sensitivity of infrared thermal imaging to estimate heat loss from the skin in the newborn lamb and shown that rapid changes in heat loss occur in response to cold exposure.

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