Influence of dietary n -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on milk fat composition and performance of lactating Friesland ewes

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
S. Chikunya ◽  
L. A. Sinclair ◽  
R. G. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Coronary Heart Diseases ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Immune System Modulation ◽  
Feeding Diets

The health benefits of n -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to humans are now widely recognised. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n -3 series such as a-linolenic acid (C18:3n -3), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n -3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n -3; DHA) reduce the risk of coronary heart diseases (Department of Health, 1994). CLA has a diverse array of potential beneficial health effects which include anticarcinogenesis, antiatherogenesis, immune system modulation, antidiabetic effects and reduction of body fat accretion (Bessa et al., 2000). However, the consumption of both n -3 PUFA and CLA by humans is currently less than optimal. The current study investigates the extent to which n -3 PUFA and CLA in milk fat of lactating ewes may be enhanced by feeding diets rich in EPA and DHA.

scholarly journals Lipid Indexes and Quality Evaluation of Omega-3 Rich Oil from the Waste of Japanese Spanish Mackerel Extracted by Supercritical CO2

Marine Drugs ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Vikash Chandra Roy ◽  
Jin-Seok Park ◽  
Truc Cong Ho ◽  
Byung-Soo Chun
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Coronary Heart Diseases ◽  
Spanish Mackerel ◽  
By Products

Japanese Spanish mackerel (JSM) (Scomberomorus niphonius) is a marine fish species containing health-beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In the present study, the quality of JSM by-products oils extracted by supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) and organic solvent extraction was compared in terms of physico-chemical properties of the oils. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is one of the important polyunsaturated fatty acids present in SC-CO2-extracted skin and muscle oil 5.81 ± 0.69% and 4.93 ± 0.06%, respectively. The amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in SC-CO2-extracted skin and muscle oil was 12.56 ± 0.38% and 15.01 ± 0.28%, respectively. EPA and DHA are considered as important PUFAs for the development of brain function and the prevention of coronary heart diseases. Extracted oils showed considerable antioxidant activity. In the obtained oils, atherogenic index (AI) values varied from 0.72 to 0.93 and thrombogenic index (TI) ranged from 0.75 to 0.92, which is considered an acceptable level. Fatty acid composition, bio potentiality, thermogravimetric, and vitamin D analysis showed that oils extracted from JSM by-products can be a good source of oil for application in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Therefore, the present research revealed the potentiality of green valorisation of S. niphonius by-products as a possible sustainable approach for targeting the era of zero waste.

The effect of feeding salmon oil to sows throughout pregnancy on pre-weaning mortality of piglets

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Rooke ◽  
A.G. Sinclair ◽  
S.A. Edwards ◽  
R. Cordoba ◽  
S. Pkiyach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Nutritional Study ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractSalmon oil (16·5 kg /t), a source of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, was included in diets offered to multiparous sows during pregnancy and lactation to measure responses in pre-weaning mortality and performance of piglets in two studies. The first study, carried out under commercial conditions, included 196 sows which were offered salmon oil and control diets from immediately post service until weaning. The same diets were also offered to 10 sows per treatment from day 58 of pregnancy in a controlled nutritional study which measured the effects of salmon oil on piglet tissue fatty acid composition. Offering salmon oil to the sow significantly increased gestation length and decreased individual piglet birth weight but had no effect on litter size at birth. Overall, salmon oil reduced pre-weaning mortality from 11·7% to 10·2% mainly by reducing the incidence of deaths from crushing by the sow. More detailed analysis of mortality using a general linear mixed model and 2294 piglet records, demonstrated that the incidence of pre-weaning mortality was significantly decreased with increasing individual piglet birth weight and by inclusion of salmon oil in the diet; the incidence of mortality increased with average piglet birth weight in a litter. Salmon oil inclusion had no effect on weight of litter weaned, sow lactation food intake or subsequent reproductive performance. In both studies, dietary salmon oil increased the proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in colostrum to a similar extent. In the nutritional study, inclusion of salmon oil reduced the proportions of 20: 4 n-6 in piglet liver and brain at birth and increased the proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, despite reducing piglet birth weight, offering sows salmon oil reduced pre-weaning mortality of piglets. The nutritional study showed that the amount and type of marine oil used may not have been optimal.

scholarly journals Comparison of fatty acid composition in milk fat of Czech Pied cattle andHolsteincattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pešek ◽  
J. Špička ◽  
E. Samková
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
The Individual

In May 2003 differences in milk fat composition in two main dairy breeds in the Czech Republic, Czech Pied cattle and Holstein cattle, were studied in two uniform groups, each containing eight cows. The groups were housed together and received the same daily diet. Fatty acids were determined in mean milk samples from the individual cows as their methyl esters using a gas chromatography procedure. The groups of the fatty acids, namely saturated (SAFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) ones, were examined together with the individual acids. The milk fat of Czech Pied cattle was found to contain significantly less SAFAs than the fat of Holstein cows (60.78 and 63.62% of total acids; P &lt; 0.05). Determined mean MUFA contents (27.64 and 25.76%) and total levels (34.31 and 32.11%) of all the unsaturated acids (MUFAs and PUFAs) were insignificantly elevated in the milk fat of Czech Pied cattle. The contents of the most of the individual fatty acids did not differ considerably between the breeds. In Holstein cows, significantly higher contents (P &lt; 0.05) of capric acid (C<sub>10:0</sub>) and stearic acid (C<sub>18:0</sub>) 3.30 and 4.45%, respectively, as compared with 2.69 and 2.61% for Czech Pied cows, were observed. The milk fat of Czech Pied cows had significantly higher contents of oleic acid (C<sub>18:1</sub>) 23.60% (P &lt; 0.05) and of an isomer of octadecatrienic acid (C<sub>18:3n4</sub>) 0.16% (P &lt; 0.001) as compared with 21.68 and 0.10%, respectively, in the fat ofHolstein cows. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Benefits and Endpoints in Sport

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gammone ◽  
Graziano Riccioni ◽  
Gaspare Parrinello ◽  
Nicolantonio D’Orazio
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
And Performance

The influence of nutrition has the potential to substantially affect physical function and body metabolism. Particular attention has been focused on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), which can be found both in terrestrial features and in the marine world. They are responsible for numerous cellular functions, such as signaling, cell membrane fluidity, and structural maintenance. They also regulate the nervous system, blood pressure, hematic clotting, glucose tolerance, and inflammatory processes, which may be useful in all inflammatory conditions. Animal models and cell-based models show that n-3 PUFAs can influence skeletal muscle metabolism. Furthermore, recent human studies demonstrate that they can influence not only the exercise and the metabolic response of skeletal muscle, but also the functional response for a period of exercise training. In addition, their potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity may provide health benefits and performance improvement especially in those who practice physical activity, due to their increased reactive oxygen production. This review highlights the importance of n-3 PUFAs in our diet, which focuses on their potential healthy effects in sport.

scholarly journals Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant oils and algae on milk fat yield and composition are associated with mammary lipogenic and SREBF1 gene expression

animal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1961-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Angulo ◽  
L. Mahecha ◽  
K. Nuernberg ◽  
G. Nuernberg ◽  
D. Dannenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Srebf1 Gene

The use of oats in diets for dairy cows as a means of reducing the saturated fatty acid content of milk fat

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
P.A. Martin ◽  
P.C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

It is well established that the proportion of saturated fatty acids in cows milk fat can be reduced by dietary inclusion of fats containing a large proportion of C18 fatty acids. Regardless of the individual C18 acids added to the diet, because unsaturated C18 fatty acids are biohydrogenated in the rumen it is principally the amount of 18:0 absorbed by the animal which is increased. This leads to increased mammary uptake and desaturation of 18:0 and to the secretion in milk of greater amounts of 18:0 and 18:1 fatty acids. Intramammary synthesis of 6:0-16:0 fatty acids is concurrently reduced. Of the cereals grown in the UK, oats contain relatively large amounts of C18 fatty acids. For this reason we have examined the potential of dietary inclusion of oats as a simple and inexpensive means of manipulating milk fat composition. In a previous experiment in which hay-based diets were given replacement of barley with oats reduced the saturated (6:0-18:0) fatty acids in milk fat from 753 to 619 g/kg and increased the monounsaturated fatty acids from 211 to 344 g/kg milk fat.

scholarly journals Fatty acids and composition of their important groups in milk fat of Czech Pied cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pešek ◽  
E. Samková ◽  
J. Špička
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Total Proportion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method

In 2003, 2004 and 2005 milk fat composition was determined three times in 55 dairy cows of Czech Pied cattle housed in a byre with stanchions and fed under conditions usual on Czech production farms. Fatty acids were determined by a gas chromatographic method, 26 acids out of the total 37 acids observed in chromatograms were identified. The highest proportions were observed for palmitic acid (29.25 &plusmn; 2.98%), oleic acid (24.47 &plusmn; 3.27%), myristic acid (12.14 &plusmn; 1.80%) and stearic acid (8.91 &plusmn; 2.44%). The proportions of saturated, unsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were 64.71 &plusmn; 4.18, 31.96 &plusmn; 4.20 and 27.45 &plusmn; 3.42% of total acids, respectively. The total proportion of nutritionally undesirable lauric, myristic and palmitic acid was 45.26 &plusmn; 4.77%, while that of the desirable group of polyunsaturated fatty acids was 4.51 &plusmn; 1.09%. The observed relatively wide ranges of the individual groups of fatty acids indicate that it is possible to improve the milk fat composition in Czech Pied cows. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Seasonal variations in the fatty acid profile of milk from yaks grazing on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luming Ding ◽  
Yupeng Wang ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
Xusheng Guo ◽  
Jiandui Mi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Yak Milk ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Tibetan Herders

An experiment was conducted to study the seasonal changes in the fatty acid profile of milk from yaks (Bos grunniens) when kept at altitudes of 3000 m above sea level (a.s.l.) and higher. Data and samples were collected in summer (July), autumn (September), winter (November) and spring (March) from ten lactating yaks (four in spring). The yaks grazed pastures adjacent to the farm building throughout the year. In spring only they received 0·6 kg crop by-products per day (dry matter basis). Fresh alpine grasses, available in summer and autumn, showed high concentrations of α-linolenic acid (46–51 g/100 g lipids) compared with the dry, yellow vegetation of winter and spring (16 g/100 g lipids). In autumn and summer, the milk fat had higher concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids than in winter. These polyunsaturated fatty acids were comprised of vaccenic acid, rumenic acid and α-linolenic acid, which are all considered beneficial to human health. The rare fatty acid, γ-linolenic acid, was also detected in yak milk, especially in the milk obtained in spring. The results suggest that yak milk, which is the most important basic food of the Tibetan herders, has the most favourable fatty acid profile when yaks grazed green pasture, which also corresponds to the period of highest milk production.

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