Responses to Nutrients in farm animals: implications for product quality

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 263-263
Author(s):  
J. F. Hocquette ◽  
S. Tesseraud ◽  
I. Cassar-Malek ◽  
C. Leroux
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Body Level ◽  
Increasing Demand

In the context of increased globalisation and competitiveness, producers of animal products have been the most affected with considerable reductions in profit margins. Research on nutrition in farm animals is thus still needed to reduce the costs of production by increasing metabolic efficiency. To achieve this goal, the objective is always to control animal performance accurately by improved quantification of animal requirements and by precise feed evaluation. At the same time, the farming and agri-food sectors are faced with a general saturation of food markets in Europe and with an increasing demand by consumers for high-quality meat and dairy products. This has also led to specific research in nutrition which aims to optimise metabolic activity of muscle and mammary gland to produce meat and dairy products of the desirable composition. This paper aims to address this important question: how animal nutrition may help to optimise metabolic efficiency and product quality. Today this needs better knowledge of tissue and organ requirements and of nutrient fate within tissues and organs as well as of their contribution to the quality of animal products. Furthermore, in order to achieve this goal of greater understanding of animal response to nutrition, new concepts and techniques are available to decipher mechanisms that were impossible to address adequately a few years ago. In this connection, emerging approaches such as genomics and modelling provide the means for a better insight into the mechanisms which regulate metabolism at tissue or whole body level.

scholarly journals The Impact of New Products on Ethical Beliefs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Vivalt ◽  
Bobbie Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
New Products ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Ethical Beliefs ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
The Impact

We test whether the availability of consumer goods affects ethical beliefs. Several new firms are developing "clean" animal products: lab-grown meat, egg, and dairy products that do not rely on traditional animal agriculture. Standard models of cognitive dissonance would predict that the mere availability of such a product would lead consumers to put more moral weight on the environment and farm animals. We do not initially observe this and in fact find that information about clean meat may even negatively affect beliefs. A second experiment in which we use priming to randomly manipulate how positively respondents view the product explains the surprising result: due to concerns about the "unnaturalness" of the product, many do not find it an acceptable substitute, however, those who perceive the product positively do change their ethical beliefs.

Chilean consumers’ perception about animal welfare in dairy production systems: short communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽  
José Luis Riveros ◽  
Claus Köbrich ◽  
Pamela Alejandra Álvarez-Melo ◽  
Joop Lensink
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Quality Attribute ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Animal Products

Information on animal welfare and ways that farm animals are kept has gained more and more importance with regard to the consumers’ behaviour and expectations when buying food products. In certain countries, animal welfare is considered as an important extrinsic quality attribute of animal products. Until now, hardly any studies have been conducted in Latin America on consumers’ expectations and knowledge regarding animal welfare aspects of the products they buy. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and expectations of consumers in Chile regarding information about dairy production systems and animal welfare, and the main aspects they considered when buying dairy products. A face-to-face interview was conducted on a sample of 501 persons from the Province of Santiago, Chile. The survey was conducted in major supermarkets from 15 different municipalities of Santiago in November and December 2012. The main aspects considered before purchasing dairy products were fat content (30%) and price (26%). It was shown that 66.9% of the participants associated the term animal welfare with responsible pet ownership, 12.4% to farm animal care, 11.6% to vegetarianism and 9.2% to the freedom and nature of animals. Age, educational level and family income were related (P < 0.001) to responsible pet ownership whereas gender did not relate to the concept of animal welfare. From the total surveyed participants, 73% were interested in receiving more information about animal welfare; 62% of these were women between 18 and 30 years of age. Information about the conditions of milk production and animal welfare were considered to be an important aspect to be included in dairy products’ labelling for 86% of the participants. Also, 68% of the participants declared a willingness to pay more for an animal welfare friendly dairy product. Data from this study may be useful in order to include animal welfare as an extrinsic quality attribute of dairy products in Chile and to define a market-oriented strategy including animal welfare.

Visualization of Invasion into the Body and Internal Diffusion of Nanoparticles

2008 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 569-572
Author(s):  
Fumio Watari ◽  
Shigeaki Abe ◽  
I.D. Rosca ◽  
Atsuro Yokoyama ◽  
Motohiro Uo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Diffusion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Body Level ◽  
Organ Level ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Internal Body

Nanoparticles may invade directly into the internal body through the respiratory or digestive system and diffuse inside body. The behavior of nanoparticles in the internal body is also essential to comprehend for the realization of DDS. Thus it is necessary to reveal the internal dynamics for the proper treatments and biomedical applications of nanoparticles. In the present study the plural methods with different principles such as X-ray scanning analytical microscope (XSAM), MRI and Fluorescent microscopy were applied to enable the observation of the internal diffusion of micro/nanoparticles in the (1) whole body level, (2) inner organ level and (3) tissue and intracellular level. Chemical analysis was also done by ICP-AES for organs and compared with the results of XSAM mapping.

Regional acetate kinetics and oxidation in human volunteers

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. E978-E983 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mittendorfer ◽  
L. S. Sidossis ◽  
E. Walser ◽  
D. L. Chinkes ◽  
R. R. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acetate Metabolism ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Percent Recovery ◽  
Carbon Recovery ◽  
Body Level ◽  
Uptake And Release

We have used a 3-h primed continuous infusion of [1,2-13C]acetate in five fasted (24 h) volunteers to quantify splanchnic and leg acetate metabolism ( protocol 1). Fractional extraction of acetate by both tissues was high (∼70%), and simultaneous uptake and release of acetate were observed. Labeled carbon recovery in CO2 was 37.9 ± 2.3% at the whole body level, 37.7 ± 1.5% across the splanchnic bed, and 37.3 ± 2.9% across the leg. Furthermore, we calculated whole body labeled carbon recovery during 15 h of [1,2-13C]acetate infusion in three volunteers ( protocol 2). Whole body acetate carbon recovery in CO2 was significantly higher (66.7 ± 4.5%) after 15 h of tracer infusion than after 3 h. We conclude that acetate is rapidly taken up by the leg and splanchnic tissues and that the percent recovery of CO2from the oxidation of acetate is heavily dependent on the length of acetate tracer infusion. In the postabsorptive state, labeled carbon recovery from acetate across the leg and the splanchnic region is similar to the whole body CO2 recovery.

scholarly journals Bacteriophages and Their Role in Food Safety

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna M. Sillankorva ◽  
Hugo Oliveira ◽  
Joana Azeredo
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Natural Antimicrobial ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Food Contact Surfaces ◽  
Horticultural Products

The interest for natural antimicrobial compounds has increased due to alterations in consumer positions towards the use of chemical preservatives in foodstuff and food processing surfaces. Bacteriophages fit in the class of natural antimicrobial and their effectiveness in controlling bacterial pathogens in agro-food industry has led to the development of different phage products already approved by USFDA and USDA. The majority of these products are to be used in farm animals or animal products such as carcasses, meats and also in agricultural and horticultural products. Treatment with specific phages in the food industry can prevent the decay of products and the spread of bacterial diseases and ultimately promote safe environments in animal and plant food production, processing, and handling. This is an overview of recent work carried out with phages as tools to promote food safety, starting with a general introduction describing the prevalence of foodborne pathogens and bacteriophages and a more detailed discussion on the use of phage therapy to prevent and treat experimentally induced infections of animals against the most common foodborne pathogens, the use of phages as biocontrol agents in foods, and also their use as biosanitizers of food contact surfaces.

scholarly journals The Kidney Clock Contributes to Timekeeping by the Master Circadian Clock

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihwan Myung ◽  
Mei-Yi Wu ◽  
Chun-Ya Lee ◽  
Amalia Ridla Rahim ◽  
Vuong Hung Truong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
The Body ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Body Level ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Master Clock

The kidney harbors one of the strongest circadian clocks in the body. Kidney failure has long been known to cause circadian sleep disturbances. Using an adenine-induced model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in mice, we probe the possibility that such sleep disturbances originate from aberrant circadian rhythms in kidney. Under the CKD condition, mice developed unstable behavioral circadian rhythms. When observed in isolation in vitro, the pacing of the master clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), remained uncompromised, while the kidney clock became a less robust circadian oscillator with a longer period. We find this analogous to the silencing of a strong slave clock in the brain, the choroid plexus, which alters the pacing of the SCN. We propose that the kidney also contributes to overall circadian timekeeping at the whole-body level, through bottom-up feedback in the hierarchical structure of the mammalian circadian clocks.

Experience with Direct and Indirect UHT Processing of Milk - A Canadian Viewpoint

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 878-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. JELEN
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Chocolate Milk ◽  
Engineering Product ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Technology Market ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Ancillary Equipment

This brief overview includes some of the Canadian industrial experience gained recently with UHT processing of milk and other dairy products. Emphasis is placed on the differences between direct and indirect heating systems in terms of process engineering, product quality, consumer acceptance, public health aspects and economy. Documented advantages include less fouling, better heat transfer and less heat damage to the final product for direct systems, and less elaborate requirements for ancillary equipment and lower costs for indirect technology. Market performance data from some of the four industrial Canadian producers of 2% and chocolate milk indicate better than expected consumer acceptance due to product quality and other market-related aspects of the UHT process.

High temperature stress response is not sexually dimorphic at the whole-body level and is dependent on androgens to induce sex reversal

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 113605
Author(s):  
Diana C. Castañeda-Cortés ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Agustín F. Boan ◽  
Valerie S. Langlois ◽  
Juan I. Fernandino
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Body Level

Autoimmune disorder phenotypes in Hvcn1-deficient mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 450 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Sasaki ◽  
Akihiro Tojo ◽  
Yoshifumi Okochi ◽  
Nana Miyawaki ◽  
Daisuke Kamimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Proton Channels ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Body Level ◽  
Deficient Mice

Hv channels (voltage-gated proton channels) are expressed in blood cells, microglia and some types of epithelial cells. In neutrophils Hv channels regulate the production of reactive oxygen species through regulation of membrane potential and intracellular pH. Hv channels have also been suggested to play a role in sperm physiology in the human. However, the functions of the Hv channel at the whole-body level are not fully understood. In the present paper we show that Hvcn1 (voltage-gated hydrogen channel 1)-knockout mice show splenomegaly, autoantibodies and nephritis, that are reminiscent of human autoimmune diseases phenotypes. The number of activated T-cells was larger in Hvcn1-deficient mice than in the wild-type mice. Upon viral infection this was remarkably enhanced in Hvcn1-deficient mice. The production of superoxide anion in T-cells upon stimulation with PMA was significantly attenuated in the Hvcn1-deficient mice. These results suggest that Hv channels regulate T-cell homoeostasis in vivo.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document