Evaluation of nutritive value of white mulberry (Morus alba) fruits waste

The mulberry belongs to the genus Morus of the family Moraceae. Mulberry is found from temperate to subtropical regions and they can grow in a wide range of climatic, topographical and soil conditions. In most countries, including Turkey, Greece and Iran, mulberries are grown for fruit production rather than foliage (Ercisli, 2004; Mulberry fruits can be used as a worming agent, as a remedy for dysentery, and as a laxative, odontalgic, anathematic, expectorant, hypoglycaemic and emetic (Baytop, 1996). Phonemics possess a wide spectrum of biochemical activities such as antioxidant, ant mutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties, as well as the ability to modify gene expression (Nakamura, et al., 2003; Mulberry fruit contains essential fatty acids that humans cannot synthesise, and must be obtained through diet. One of the most important points about mulberry fruits is its sensitive to environmental condition in harvesting time and the methods of harvesting that is not suitable. Because of this mentioned problem, mulberry fruits have a lot of waste. In animal feed industry, agricultural by-products were used in animal and poultry nutrition. One of the greatest challenges to a nutritionist is to formulate diets that adequately meet the nutrient requirements of the animal without having to provide excessive quantities of the expensive nutrients. In order to formulate the diets economically, it is essential that nutrient content of candidate ingredients analyzed as detail as possible. There was no information about mulberry fruits wastes nutritive value.

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Functional food: Rare herbs, seeds and vegetable oils as sources of flavors and phytosterols

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas0901081m ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 81-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mirjana Milovanovic ◽

Nebojsa Banjac ◽

Biljana Vucelic-Radovic

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Functional Food ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Seed Oils ◽

Food Ingredient ◽

Medicinal Value

Two plant species of the genus Anthriscus (A. sylvestris and A. cerefolium) and Laserpitium latifolium L. are described as a good source of new aroma constituents and phytosterols. These plants are the herbs widely distributed in Serbia and possess significant medicinal value. They are widely applied in traditional medicine, but they are not used as functional food or in food technology. Two well-known domestic aromatic plant species: Mentha piperita L. and Thymus vulgaris L. and the lesser known Alliaria officinalis Andrz. are described as a good sources of highly prized essential oils in several wild-growing herbs. They are traditionally used in cooking. Quinoa seeds considered as multipurpose agro-industrial crop and the seeds may be utilized for human food and in flour products and in animal feed stocks because of its high nutritive value. Furthermore, watermelon meal possesses good nutritional quality, which may be commercially used as a new feed in the human or in the cattle nutrition. Seed oils, from Rubus ideaus, Ribes nigrum and walnut are also presented. The chemical composition on the sterols and essential fatty acids content, of these seed oils are shown that some of them can be successfully used in human nutrition, under specific conditions. Finally, developing new cholesterol-reducing products, such as phytosterols and their esters, which are marked as cholesterol-reducing food ingredient as well as the information on its incorporation into foods, are also included.

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Evaluation of protein quality of poultry feedingstuffs. 2. Fish meal

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600027957 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 111-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. S. Zombade ◽

G. N. Lodhi ◽

J. S. Ichhponani

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Lysine Content ◽

Wide Range ◽

Available Lysine ◽

True Protein

SummaryThe present study was made to evaluate the protein quality of 11 samples of fish meal (FM) covering a wide range of nutrient content to find a suitable laboratory method for predicting nutritive quality. The nutrient content of the samples ranged from 34 to 62% in crude protein, 28 to 48% in true protein and 0·99 to 2·87% in available lysine. The true protein content of FM was further partitioned into myogen, myosin and stroma proteins. The stroma protein accounted for 61% of total crude protein suggesting that a large portion of FM comprised scales, viscera, cartilage, bones and other inedible parts of fish (head, tail, etc.). Neither true protein nor its different fractions was found suitable to detect differences in protein quality of FM although there was an inverse relationship between stroma protein and nitrogen solubility.Available lysine content and relative nutritive value (RNV) were found accurate and reliable laboratory tests for assessing the protein quality of FM. The linear equations to predict gross protein value (GPV) from available lysine content and RNV areGPV = 11·2×% available lysine+34·5;GPV = 0·55×RNV+51.The correlation coefficients between biologically assayed and predicted GPV from available lysine and RNV were 0·71 and 0·62, respectively. The findings suggest that the screening of FM samples for their nutrient content is essential before compounding diets for different categories of chickens.

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RHODOMYRTUS TOMENTOSA: A PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i1.12773 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hazrulrizawati Abd Hamid ◽

Senait Sileshi Zeyohannes Roziasyahira M ◽

Mashitah M Yusoff

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Wide Range ◽

Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa

ABSTRACTRhodomyrtus tomentosa is a common wood, prevalent in areas with undemanding soil conditions and resistant toward pests and diseases. The plantcan be found in China, Taiwan, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Literature and artwork indicate that R. tomentosa played an importantholistic role in the daily lives of several ancient cultures, providing medicinal benefits. R. tomentosa exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacologicaleffects and has been used to treat colic diarrhea, wounds, heartburn, abscesses, gynecopathy, and as a pain killer. R. tomentosa was used in traditionalChinese medicine to treat urinary tract infection. 42 compounds have been isolated from this plant and structurally elucidated. They comprisephloroglucinol, flavonoid, terpenoid, anthracene glycoside, tannin, and other compounds. Rhodomyrtone, a member of the acylphloroglucinolsdemonstrated a significant activity against a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria. Rhodomyrtone exhibited both antimicrobial and anti-infectiveactivities. Several biological activities have been documented as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, osteogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory.R. tomentosa has been studied extensively for alternative antimicrobial agents. Although rhodomyrtone exhibited potential activity with a very lowminimum inhibitory concentration value, the mechanisms of action of this compound are still unclear. Furthermore, toxicity studies on it extract tovalidate pharmacological activities are required.Keywords: Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Kemunting, Phytochemical, Pharmacological, Biological activities, Chemical constituents.

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The Politics of Precaution

10.23943/princeton/9780691124162.001.0001 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

David Vogel

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Animal Feed ◽

The United States ◽

Hazardous Substances ◽

Risk Regulation ◽

Scientific Certainty ◽

European Public ◽

Wide Range ◽

Regulatory Controls ◽

Milk Hormones

This book examines the politics of consumer and environmental risk regulation in the United States and Europe over the last five decades, explaining why America and Europe have often regulated a wide range of similar risks differently. It finds that between 1960 and 1990, American health, safety, and environmental regulations were more stringent, risk averse, comprehensive, and innovative than those adopted in Europe. But since around 1990 global regulatory leadership has shifted to Europe. What explains this striking reversal? This book takes an in-depth, comparative look at European and American policies toward a range of consumer and environmental risks, including vehicle air pollution, ozone depletion, climate change, beef and milk hormones, genetically modified agriculture, antibiotics in animal feed, pesticides, cosmetic safety, and hazardous substances in electronic products. The book traces how concerns over such risks—and pressure on political leaders to do something about them—have risen among the European public but declined among Americans. The book explores how policymakers in Europe have grown supportive of more stringent regulations while those in the United States have become sharply polarized along partisan lines. And as European policymakers have grown more willing to regulate risks on precautionary grounds, increasingly skeptical American policymakers have called for higher levels of scientific certainty before imposing additional regulatory controls on business.

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Advances in sample digestion using microwave-ultraviolet radiations: phosphorus and sulfur determination in animal feed

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411016999200930115139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Diogo L. R. Novo ◽

Priscila T. Scaglioni ◽

Rodrigo M. Pereira ◽

Filipe S. Rondan ◽

Gilberto S. Coelho Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Official Method ◽

Dissolved Carbon ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Wide Range ◽

Sulfur Determination

Background: Conventional analytical methods for phosphorus and sulfur determination in several matrices present normally analytical challenges regarding inaccuracy, detectability and waste generation. Objective: The main objective is proposing a green and feasible analytical method for phosphorus and sulfur determination in animal feed. Methods: Synergic effect between microwave and ultraviolet radiations during sample preparation was evaluated for the first time for the animal feed digestion associated with further phosphorus and sulfur determination by ion chromatography with conductivity detection. Dissolved carbon and residual acidity in final digests were used for the proposed method assessment. Phosphorus and sulfur values were compared with those obtained using conventional microwave-assisted wet digestion in closed vessels associated with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and with those obtained using Association of Official Analytical Chemists International official method. Recovery tests and certified reference material analysis were performed. Animal feeds were analyzed using the proposed method. Results: Sample masses of 500 mg were efficiently digested using only 2 mol L -1 HNO3. The results obtained by the proposed method was not differing significantly (p > 0.05) from those obtained by the conventional and official methods. Suitable recoveries (from 94 to 99%), agreement with certified values (101 and 104%) and relative standard deviations (< 8%) were achieved. Phosphorus and sulfur content in commercial products varied in a wide range (P: 5,873 to 28,387 mg kg-1 and S: 2,165 to 4,501 mg kg-1 ). Conclusion: The proposed method is a green, safe, accurate, precise and sensitive alternative for animal feed quality control.

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Cucurbitacins as Anticancer Agents: A Patent Review

Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery ◽

10.2174/1574892813666181119123035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 133-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hidayat Hussain ◽

Ivan R. Green ◽

Muhammad Saleem ◽

Khanzadi F. Khattak ◽

Muhammad Irshad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anticancer Agents ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Natural Sources ◽

Oh Groups ◽

Drug Candidates ◽

The Past ◽

Wide Range

Background: Cucurbitacins belong to a group of tetracyclic triterpenoids that display a wide range of biological effects. In the past, numerous cucurbitacins have been isolated from natural sources and many active compounds have been synthesized using the privileged scaffold in order to enhance its cytotoxic effects. Objective: his review covers patents on the therapeutic effects of natural cucurbitacins and their synthetic analogs published during the past decade. By far, the majority of patents published are related to cancer and Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) of these compounds are included to lend gravitas to this important class of natural products. Methods: The date about the published patents was downloaded via online open access patent databases. Results: Cucurbitacins display significant cytotoxic properties, in particular cucurbitacins B and D which possess very potent effects towards a number of cancer cells. Numerous cucurbitacins isolated from natural sources have been derivatized through chemical modification at the C(2)-OH and C(25)- OH groups. Most importantly, an acyl ester of the C(25)-OH and, iso-propyl, n-propyl and ethyl ether groups of the C(2)-OH demonstrated the most increased cytotoxic activity. Conclusion: The significant cytotoxic effects of natural and semi-synthetic cucurbitacins make them attractive as new drug candidates. Moreover, cucurbitacins have the capability to form conjugates with other anticancer drugs which will synergistically enhance their anticancer effects. The authors believe that in order to get lead compounds, there should be a greater focus on the synthesis of homodimers, heterodimers, and halo derivatives of cucurbitacins. In the opinion of the authors the analysis of the published patents on the cucurbitacins indicates that these compounds can be developed into a regimen to treat a wide spectrum of cancers.

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Greater trochanteric pain syndrome: Evaluation and management of a wide spectrum of pathology

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/20503121211022582 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 205031212110225

Author(s):

Mark A Pianka ◽

Joseph Serino ◽

Steven F DeFroda ◽

Blake M Bodendorfer

Keyword(s):

Wide Spectrum ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Operative Management ◽

Hip Pain ◽

Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome ◽

Trochanteric Bursitis ◽

Treatment Indications ◽

Careful Clinical Examination ◽

Wide Range ◽

Tendon Pathology

Greater trochanteric pain syndrome is a common cause of lateral hip pain, encompassing a spectrum of disorders, including trochanteric bursitis, abductor tendon pathology, and external coxa saltans. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome is primarily a clinical diagnosis, and careful clinical examination is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment. A thorough history and physical exam may be used to help differentiate greater trochanteric pain syndrome from other common causes of hip pain, including osteoarthritis, femoroacetabular impingement, and lumbar stenosis. Although not required for diagnosis, plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging may be useful to exclude alternative pathologies or guide treatment of greater trochanteric pain syndrome. The majority of patients with greater trochanteric pain syndrome respond well to conservative management, including physical therapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and corticosteroid injections. Operative management is typically indicated in patients with chronic symptoms refractory to conservative therapy. A wide range of surgical options, both open and endoscopic, are available and should be guided by the specific etiology of pain. The purpose of this review is to highlight pertinent clinical and radiographic features used in the diagnosis and management of greater trochanteric pain syndrome. In addition, treatment indications, techniques, and outcomes are described.

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Effects of urban atmospheric particulate matter on higher plants using Lycopersicon esculentum as model species

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-021-04745-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Katalin Hubai ◽

Nora Kováts ◽

Gábor Teke

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Protein Content ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽

Dose Effect ◽

Atmospheric Particulate ◽

Wide Range ◽

Treatment Experiment

AbstractAtmospheric particulate matter (PM) is one of the major environmental concerns in Europe. A wide range of studies has proved the ecotoxic potential of atmospheric particles. PM exerts chemical stress on vegetation by its potentially toxic constituents; however, relatively few studies are available on assessing phytotoxic effects under laboratory conditions. In our study, aqueous extract of particulate matter was prepared and used for treatment. Experiment was following the procedure defined by the No. 227 OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals: Terrestrial Plant Test. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were used; elucidated toxicity was assessed based on morphological and biochemical endpoints such as biomass, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b, carotenoids, and protein content. Biomass reduction and protein content showed a clear dose–effect relationship; the biomass decreased in comparison with the control (100%) in all test groups (TG) at a steady rate (TG1: 87.73%; TG2: 71.77%; TG3: 67.01%; TG4: 63.63%). The tendency in protein concentrations compared to the control was TG1: 113.61%; TG2: 148.21% TG3: 160.52%; TG4: 157.31%. However, pigments showed a ‘Janus-faced’ effect: nutrient content of the sample caused slight increase at lower doses; actual toxicity became apparent only at higher doses (chlorophyll-a concentration decrease was 84.47% in TG4, chlorophyll-b was 77.17%, and finally, carotene showed 83.60% decrease in TG4).

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MXenes for future nanophotonic device applications

Nanophotonics ◽

10.1515/nanoph-2020-0060 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 1831-1853

Author(s):

Jaeho Jeon ◽

Yajie Yang ◽

Haeju Choi ◽

Jin-Hong Park ◽

Byoung Hun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Transition Metal ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Optoelectronic Device ◽

High Yield ◽

Saturable Absorption ◽

Nanophotonic Device ◽

Wide Range ◽

Device Applications

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) layers of transition metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides, collectively referred to as MXenes, are considered as the new family of 2D materials for the development of functional building blocks for optoelectronic and photonic device applications. Their advantages are based on their unique and tunable electronic and optical properties, which depend on the modulation of transition metal elements or surface functional groups. In this paper, we have presented a comprehensive review of MXenes to suggest an insightful perspective on future nanophotonic and optoelectronic device applications based on advanced synthesis processes and theoretically predicted or experimentally verified material properties. Recently developed optoelectronic and photonic devices, such as photodetectors, solar cells, fiber lasers, and light-emitting diodes are summarized in this review. Wide-spectrum photodetection with high photoresponsivity, high-yield solar cells, and effective saturable absorption were achieved by exploiting different MXenes. Further, the great potential of MXenes as an electrode material is predicted with a controllable work function in a wide range (1.6–8 eV) and high conductivity (~104 S/cm), and their potential as active channel material by generating a tunable energy bandgap is likewise shown. MXene can provide new functional building blocks for future generation nanophotonic device applications.

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