A planar multiband Koch snowflake fractal antenna for cognitive radio

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sivasundarapandian ◽  
C.D. Suriyakala
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Fractal Antenna ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Rectangular Slot ◽  
Multiband Antennas ◽  
Koch Snowflake ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper of lettering reveals about a modified Koch snowflake fractal multiband antenna for cognitive radio applications. Multiband antennas can be employed for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio. This new microstrip-modified Koch fractal antenna exhibits multiple actions in four dissimilar resonant frequencies at 3.2, 5.2, 6, and 9.5 GHz correspondingly that covers the frequency bands such as S, C, and X bands. Its multiband behavior was analyzed by designing and simulating in ADS EMDS software. Three iterations were carried out to study the performance of modified Koch snowflake fractal antenna. The outer ring and a small rectangular slot in the center of the antenna are used for 50 Ω impedance matching and to increase the number of resonant frequencies. The fractal antenna parameters such as gain, directivity, and its radiation pattern are also analyzed in this paper. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated results.

Modified Koch curve broadband fractal antenna for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Monika Aggarwal ◽  
Amar Partap Singh Pharwaha
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Fractal Antenna ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Koch Curve ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Microstrip Patch

Abstract This paper presents the design and development of broadband modified Koch curve microstrip patch antenna with multiband characteristics for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio applications. The proposed spectrum sensing antenna is designed specifically for its efficient operation in the spectrum (1.683–3.05, 4.246–9.714, and 11.25–18 GHz) specified for L, S, C, X, Ku with broadband characteristics and omnidirectional radiation pattern. The validity of the proposed shape is proved by having a comparison with other fractal shapes available in the literature.

MULTIBAND CPW-FED SLOT ANTENNA FOR WLAN/WIMAX APPLICATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igbafe Orikumhi ◽  
Mohamad Rijal Hamid ◽  
Ali Nyangwarimam Obadiah
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Coplanar Waveguide ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Good Agreement

A square slot antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) is presented in this paper. The design consist of two pairs of “F” shaped planar strips placed within a square slotted ground. The strips are used to excite multiple resonant frequencies, the strips are connected to the ground plane by means of ideal switches. The proposed antenna has achieved multiple resonant frequencies of 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz for WLAN and 3.5/5.5 for WiMAX applications. The measured results shows a good agreement with the simulated results in terms of return loss, radiation pattern and gain. The proposed antenna is designed for the frequency range of 2 GHz to 7 GHz which makes it suitable for Bluetooth, WLAN and WiMAX applications. 

scholarly journals Hybrid Dielectric Resonator Antenna Composed of High-Permittivity Dielectric Resonator for Wireless Communications in WLAN and WiMAX

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yih-Chien Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Dielectric Resonator ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Dielectric Resonator Antenna ◽  
High Permittivity ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Rectangular Slot ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Good Agreement

The-hybrid dielectric resonator antenna consisted of a cylindrical high-permittivity dielectric resonator, a rectangular slot, and two-rectangular patches were implemented. The hybrid dielectric resonator antenna had three resonant frequencies. The lower, middle, and higher resonant frequencies were associated with the rectangular slot, rectangular patches, and dielectric resonator, respectively. Parametric investigation was carried out using simulation software. The proposed hybrid dielectric resonator antenna had good agreement between the simulation results and the measurement results. The hybrid dielectric resonator antenna was implemented successfully for application in 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz of WLAN and 2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz of WiMAX simultaneously.

scholarly journals Koch Snowflake Fractal Antenna Design in the Deep Space Bands for a Constellation of Cubesat Explorers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Francois Gonzales Palacios ◽  
Ricardo Erick Diaz Vargas ◽  
Patrick H. Stakem ◽  
Carlos Enrique Arellano Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Fractal Antenna ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Koch Curve ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Compact Antenna ◽  
X Band ◽  
Koch Snowflake

This paper presents the design and simulation of a Koch curve fractal antenna, developed according to the second iteration of the Koch snowflake fractal for S-band, C-band, X-band and Ku-band. The simulated antenna shows good performance for the operating frequencies and desirable gain, bandwidth and VSWR parameters. Being a compact antenna, it has a size, geometry and characteristics that go in accord with the CubeSat’s structure standards. The antenna was fabricated on a 1.5 mm thick FR-4 substrate. The VSWR achieved values are lower than 1.4 for the frequencies used (2.1 GHz to 2.4 GHz and 7.4 GHz to 8.9 GHz) with a simulated omnidirectional radiation pattern. A maximum gain of 6.8 dBi was achieved. As this antenna works optimally in the S, C and X bands, it is adequate for deep space applications, especially in low-power consumption systems. This approach would be ideal for constellations of Cubesat explorers.

scholarly journals Guard lines conformal slotted antenna array for multiband application

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Brajlata Chauhan ◽  
Suresh Chandra Gupta ◽  
Sandip Vijay
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Rectangular Slot ◽  
Conformal Antenna ◽  
Current Path ◽  
Quarter Wavelength ◽  
X Band ◽  
Good Agreement

<span>This work investigated a miniaturized slotted conformal antenna array for multiband application. Three guard lines are incorporated to the side of main patch and top of main patch to reduce surface current for planner surface and observe the effect of guard line due to which it resonate at three frequencies in X band and Ku band to be useful for multiband. A rectangular slot is etched at center of patches to increase the current path for wide band application. A quarter wavelength feeding network is used with good agreement of impedance matching. The main lobe width and direction shows through the radiation pattern which remains stable even it is significantly curved. This structure is wrapped around a cylinder with a diameter of 41.4 mm in the circumferential direction. It is observed that the planner antenna array operating at 8.4 GHz, 11.2 GHz &amp;18.2 GHz with a return loss of -20 dB to -45 dB with fractional BW of 25% at 3rd frequency range and the directivity from 3.4 dBi-6.8 dBi. By doing some alteration in dimensions for the conformal antenna producing fractional BW of 20% and the directivity 5.5 to 9.1 dBi at resonating frequencies of 8.4 GHz, 11.4 GHz, and 17.5 GHz. This proposed array is simulated on CST software.</span>

scholarly journals A Compact Novel Three-Port Integrated Wide and Narrow Band Antennas System for Cognitive Radio Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Anvesh Kumar ◽  
A. S. Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Uwb Antenna ◽  
Good Agreement

The design of a three-port radiating structure, integrating wide and narrow band antennas for cognitive radio applications, is presented. It consists of a UWB antenna for spectrum sensing and two narrow band antennas for wireless communication integrated on the same substrate. The UWB antenna covers the complete UWB spectrum (3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz) approved by FCC. In the two narrow band antennas, each antenna presents dual bands. In particular, the first narrowband antenna resonates at 6.5 GHz, covering the frequency band between 6.36 GHz and 6.63 GHz, and at 9 GHz, covering the frequency band between 8.78 GHz and 9.23 GHz, presenting minimum return loss values of 28.3 dB at 6.5 GHz and 20.5 dB at 9 GHz, respectively. Similarly, the second one resonates at 7.5 GHz, covering the frequency band between 7.33 GHz and 7.7 GHz, and at 9.5 GHz, covering the frequency band between 9.23 GHz and 9.82 GHz, presenting minimum return loss values of 19.6 dB at 7.5 GHz and 28.8 dB at 9.5 GHz, respectively. Isolation among the three antennas is less than −20 dB over the UWB frequency spectrum. These antennas are realized on a FR4 substrate of dimensions 30 mm × 30 mm × 1.6 mm. Experimental results show a good agreement between the simulated and measured results.

scholarly journals A Compact Dual-Band Planar Monopole Antenna Using Fractal Rings and A Y-Shaped Feeding Transmission Line

Frequenz ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Kahina Djafri ◽  
Mouloud Challal ◽  
Jordi Romeu
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Monopole Antenna ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Laptop Computer ◽  
Rectangular Slot ◽  
Dual Band Antenna ◽  
Band Characteristic

Abstract This paper presents a novel design approach of a compact dual-band monopole antenna with an overall size of 18.9x13x1.6mm3. The proposed antenna is composed of a fractal ring shaped patch fed by a Y-shaped transmission line on the top side of the substrate and a second fractal ring along with a U-shaped ground plane on the bottom side. The second fractal ring, identical to the radiating ring, is loaded and a rectangular slot is etched at the top side of the ground plane respectively, to achieve dual-band characteristic and improve the impedance matching. The effect of standard ground-plane (SGP) of a laptop computer is incorporated in the design; the antenna is mounted on a SGP in order to investigate its performance. The antenna covers widely the frequency bands of the WLAN 2.4 GHz (2.2–2.52 GHz) and WiMAX 3.5 GHz (3.32–4.35 GHz), and exhibits an omnidirectional radiation pattern in the H-plane and a monopole like radiation pattern in the E-plane. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results indicates that the proposed dual-band antenna design is suitable for WLAN/WiMAX applications.

Hexagonal Nested Loop Fractal Antenna for Quad Band Wireless Applications

Frequenz ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Robert Mark ◽  
Nipun Mishra ◽  
Kaushik Mandal ◽  
Partha Pratim Sarkar ◽  
Soma Das
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Fractal Antenna ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Resonant Modes ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Nested Loop ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract A compact hexagonal nested loop fractal antenna with L shaped slot on the ground plane is presented for multiband applications. In this paper, the effect of fractal iterations and position of L-slot on ground plane are optimized for better performance of the antenna. Multiple hexagon loops excite multiple resonant modes at 1.7, 2.4, 3.1, 4.5 and 6 GHz and an L-shaped slot on the ground plane helps to achieve wide bandwidth response with better impedance matching in the 4.25–6.41 GHz frequency band. An equivalent circuit of the proposed antenna is modelled and the same is verified using ADS. Reflection coefficient and radiation pattern are presented to further confirm the performance of the proposed design for wireless applications. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a low-cost FR4 substrate of dimensions 40×32×1.6 mm3 and measured results show good agreement with simulation results.

scholarly journals A Compact Multi-band Rectangular Slot Microstrip Antenna for Wi-MAX, WLAN and X-band Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.12) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Banuprakash R ◽  
Hariprasad. S.A
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Microstrip Antenna ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Rectangular Slot ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Rectangular Patch ◽  
X Band ◽  
Multi Band

In this paper a rectangular slotted rectangular patch tripple band antenna for wireless applications is presented. The antenna has dimension of about 25 x 20 x 1.6mm3. The antenna operates at the frequencies 3.6 GHz, 5.8 GHz and 7.5 GHz with bandwidth of about 3.61%, 1.03% and 1.07% respectively. This antenna can be used for WIMAX (3.6GHz), WLAN (5.8GHz) and X-band(7.5GHz) applications. The stable radiation pattern, acceptable gain and good impedance matching are observed at obtained frequencies using HFSS tool.  

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