The Changing Face of Risk Governance: Moving from Precaution to Smarter Regulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Rübig
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
World Trade ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Joint Research Centre ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

STOA, the European Parliament's Technology Assessment body, which I had the honour to chair, has a mission to: (i) assess the impact of introducing and promoting new technologies, and (ii) identify the relevant policy options. In the context of its work, STOA has to address many different issues. One of the issues deserving STOA's attention is the changing face of risk governance: “Moving from precaution to smarter regulation”.This is currently being debated on various levels, including that of the WTO (World Trade Organization), where science-based decision-making has always played an important role. The JRC (Joint Research Centre) is very active in this field and has developed, among others, a science-based approach to risk assessment in the area of nanotechnology. With the comitology procedure becoming more and more important, the European Parliament and its members have to assume their role with respect to risk management and explain it to the public.

scholarly journals JRC activities in nuclear safety

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giustino Manna ◽  
Luigi Debarberis ◽  
Andrea Bucalossi ◽  
Roberto May ◽  
Michel Bieth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Nuclear Safety ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Joint Research Centre ◽  
The Public ◽  
Base Load ◽  
Management Issues ◽  
The Eu

Nuclear energy is today the largest single source of carbon free and base-load electricity in Europe. While highlighting its important role in the overall energy mix, it is necessary to address sustainability, safety, and security concerns, in particular nuclear safety and nuclear waste management issues, which influence the public acceptance of nuclear energy. The present paper describes the Joint Research Centre activities in support to the EU nuclear safety policy. It describes the Joint Research Centre role in the EU institutional context, identifies the various customers to which the Joint Research Centre delivers its services, and provides some results of the Joint Research Centre scientific work inherent to nuclear safety.

PLACE AND ROLE OF COMPETENT INFORMATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

Naukovedenie ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Sergei Pyastolov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Joint Research Centre ◽  
Science Activity ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Special Space ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

VUCA world (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity), according to experts of JRC (European Commission's Joint Research Centre), is now a special space that corrupts the integrity of science activity, limits thinking and vision of the situation by politicians. In fact, under such conditions, the only reliable resource for scientific organizations is a commercialization, and the payback is a condition of activity. These factors already pose a threat to global security. The mission orientation proposed by European Union experts is still seen as a rather weak alternative.

FDA-iRISK—A Comparative Risk Assessment System for Evaluating and Ranking Food-Hazard Pairs: Case Studies on Microbial Hazards

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUHUAN CHEN ◽  
SHERRI B. DENNIS ◽  
EMMA HARTNETT ◽  
GREG PAOLI ◽  
RÉGIS POUILLOT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Stakeholders in the system of food safety, in particular federal agencies, need evidence-based, transparent, and rigorous approaches to estimate and compare the risk of foodborne illness from microbial and chemical hazards and the public health impact of interventions. FDA-iRISK (referred to here as iRISK), a Web-based quantitative risk assessment system, was developed to meet this need. The modeling tool enables users to assess, compare, and rank the risks posed by multiple food-hazard pairs at all stages of the food supply system, from primary production, through manufacturing and processing, to retail distribution and, ultimately, to the consumer. Using standard data entry templates, built-in mathematical functions, and Monte Carlo simulation techniques, iRISK integrates data and assumptions from seven components: the food, the hazard, the population of consumers, process models describing the introduction and fate of the hazard up to the point of consumption, consumption patterns, dose-response curves, and health effects. Beyond risk ranking, iRISK enables users to estimate and compare the impact of interventions and control measures on public health risk. iRISK provides estimates of the impact of proposed interventions in various ways, including changes in the mean risk of illness and burden of disease metrics, such as losses in disability-adjusted life years. Case studies for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella were developed to demonstrate the application of iRISK for the estimation of risks and the impact of interventions for microbial hazards. iRISK was made available to the public at http://irisk.foodrisk.org in October 2012.

Precarious Labor and the Contestation of Policymaking in Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-108
Author(s):  
Saori Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Precarious Labor ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the impact of Japan's precarious workers' movement on policymaking in Japan, highlighting three cases through which one can witness the effects of opposition mobilized by Japanese nonregular workers on policy outcomes. In each case, one witnesses political elites being forced to respond to successful mobilizations by precarious workers and organizations that have emerged to represent their interests. These mobilizations have served to attract public attention to the impact that neoliberal government policy has on precarious workers. When faced with criticism and opposition from the public, on each occasion governments were forced either to compromise on policy goals or proposals or to abolish or postpone policies to reduce criticism. While precarious workers were not always able to achieve all of their goals, collectively they have become an important actor that is able to gain concessions or raise significant obstacles to the implementation of neoliberal policy options so that their demands must be accommodated in some way.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Results of an Interlaboratory Comparison Test on Determination of Acrylamide in Crispbread Samples

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1413-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wenzl ◽  
Elke Anklam
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Proficiency Test ◽  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Proficiency Tests ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Joint Research Centre ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Directorate General

Abstract The European Commission's Directorate General Joint Research Centre has organized several proficiency tests on the determination of acrylamide (AA) in food. This paper presents the results and outcome of a proficiency test that focused on the determination of AA in crispbread samples. One of the goals was the identification of the influence of different parameters such as analyte extraction or instrument calibration on the analytical results. A set of samples, containing 3 different crispbread samples as well as extracts of one crispbread sample and AA standard solutions, was shipped to each participant. A total of 42 European laboratories reported analytical results that were evaluated by applying internationally accepted protocols and procedures. The study found that, for each sample, the results of 4–8 laboratories were outside the range formed by the target value plus or minus the 2-fold of the target standard deviation; thus, they did not perform satisfactorily. In transferring this knowledge to the data of monitoring databases of AA in food, care must be taken that data are quality controlled, as it is likely that some of them may be biased.

scholarly journals Neutron inelastic cross section measurements on 58,60Ni

2020 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 01040
Author(s):  
Adina Olacel ◽  
Catalin Borcea ◽  
Marian Boromiza ◽  
Philippe Dessagne ◽  
Gregoire Henning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Linear Accelerator ◽  
Inelastic Neutron Scattering ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Inelastic Neutron ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Electron Linear Accelerator ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Joint Research Centre ◽  
Reported Data

A natural nickel sample was used at the GELINA (Geel Electron LINear Accelerator) neutron source of the European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Geel to measure the neutron inelastic cross sections. The GAINS (Gamma Array for Inelastic Neutron Scattering) spectrometer was employed to detect the emitted γ rays while a 235U fission chamber monitored the neutron flux. We report the preliminary production cross sections corresponding to the first transitions in 58,60Ni in comparison with previously reported data and with TALYS 1.9 calculations performed using the default input parameters.

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