scholarly journals Association of early and late maternal smoking during pregnancy with offspring body mass index at 4 to 5 years of age

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Grzeskowiak ◽  
N. A. Hodyl ◽  
M. J. Stark ◽  
J. L. Morrison ◽  
V. L. Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
South Australia ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Smoking In Pregnancy ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

The objective was to investigate the association between early and late maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring body mass index (BMI). We undertook a retrospective cohort study using linked records from the Women’s and Children’s Health Network in South Australia. Among a cohort of women delivering a singleton, live-born infants between January 2000 and December 2005 (n=7658), 5961 reported not smoking during pregnancy, 297 reported quitting smoking during the first trimester of pregnancy, and 1400 reported continued smoking throughout pregnancy. Trained nurses measured the height and weight of the children at preschool visits in a state-wide surveillance programme. The main outcome measure was age- and sex-specific BMI z-score. At 4 to 5 years, mean (s.d.) BMI z-score was 0.40 (1.05), 0.60 (1.07) and 0.65 (1.18) in children of mothers who reported never smoking, quitting smoking and continued smoking during pregnancy, respectively. Compared with the group of non-smokers, both quitting smoking and continued smoking were associated with an increase in child BMI z-score of 0.15 (95% confidence interval: 0.01–0.29) and 0.21 (0.13–0.29), respectively. A significant dose–response relationship was also observed between the number of cigarettes smoked per day on average during the second half of pregnancy and the increase in offspring BMI z-score (P<0.001). In conclusion, any maternal smoking in pregnancy, even if mothers quit, is associated with an increase in offspring BMI at 4 to 5 years of age.

scholarly journals Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring body mass index and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elma Izze da Silva Magalhães ◽  
Bruno Andrade de Sousa ◽  
Natália Peixoto Lima ◽  
Bernardo Lessa Horta
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Smoking In Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

Abstract: The present study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the evidence on the association of maternal smoking during pregnancy with offspring body composition in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. MEDLINE, Web of Science and LILACS databases were searched. Reference lists were also screened. We included original studies, conducted in humans, that assessed the association of maternal smoking during pregnancy with offspring body mass index (BMI) and overweight in childhood, adolescence and adulthood, published through May 1st, 2018. A meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled effect sizes. The systematic review included 64 studies, of which 37 evaluated the association of maternal smoking during pregnancy with overweight, 13 with BMI, and 14 evaluated both outcomes. Of these 64 studies, 95 measures of effect were extracted and included in the meta-analysis. We verified that the quality of evidence across studies regarding maternal smoking in pregnancy and overweight and BMI of offspring to be moderate and low, respectively. Most studies (44 studies) were classified as moderate risk bias. Heterogeneity among studies included was high and, in the random-effects pooled analysis, maternal smoking during pregnancy increased the odds of offspring overweight (OR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.35; 1.52) and mean difference of BMI (β: 0.31, 95%CI: 0.23; 0.39). In conclusion, offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy have higher odds of overweight and mean difference of BMI, and these associations persisted into adulthood.

scholarly journals Effect of the exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood on the body mass index until adolescence

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Muraro ◽  
Regina Maria Veras Gonçalves-Silva ◽  
Márcia Gonçalves Ferreira ◽  
Gulnar Azevedo e Silva ◽  
Rosely Sichieri
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
The Body ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE Investigate the effect of exposure to smoking during pregnancy and early childhood on changes in the body mass index (BMI) from birth to adolescence. METHODS A population-based cohort of children (0-5 years old) from Cuiabá, Midwest Brazil, was assessed in 1999-2000 (n = 2,405). Between 2009 and 2011, the cohort was re-evaluated. Information about birth weight was obtained from medical records, and exposure to smoking during pregnancy and childhood was assessed at the first interview. Linear mixed effects models were used to estimate the association between exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy and preschool age, and the body mass index of children at birth, childhood and adolescence. RESULTS Only 11.3% of the mothers reported smoking during pregnancy, but most of them (78.2%) also smoked during early childhood. Among mothers who smoked only during pregnancy (n = 59), 97.7% had smoked only in the first trimester. The changes in body mass index at birth and in childhood were similar for children exposed and those not exposed to maternal smoking. However, from childhood to adolescence the rate of change in the body mass index was higher among those exposed only during pregnancy than among those who were not exposed. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to smoking only during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, seems to affect changes in the body mass index until adolescence, supporting guidelines that recommend women of childbearing age to stop smoking.

scholarly journals Decreased head circumference at birth associated with maternal tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy on the Japanese prospective birth cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Shiohama ◽  
Aya Hisada ◽  
Midori Yamamoto ◽  
Kenichi Sakurai ◽  
Rieko Takatani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy ◽  
Smoking Group ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMaternal tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy impairs fetal body size, including head circumference (HC) at birth; however, the mechanism still remains unclear. This analysis using a large prospective cohort study evaluated the impact of maternal tobacco exposure on their offspring’s HC and the relationship with placental weight ratio (PWR) and placental abnormalities. Parents-children pairs (n = 84,856) were included from the 104,065 records of the Japan Environmental and Children’s Study. Maternal perinatal clinical and social information by self-administered questionnaires, offspring’s body size, and placental information were collected. Data were analyzed with binominal logistic regression analysis and path analysis. Logistic regression showed significantly elevated adjusted odds ratio (aOR) (1.653, 95% CI 1.387–1.969) for the impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on their offspring’s smaller HC at birth. Maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the non-smoking group did not increase aOR for the smaller HC. Path analysis showed that maternal smoking during pregnancy decreased the offspring’s HC directly, but not indirectly via PWR or placental abnormalities. The quitting smoking during pregnancy group did not increase aOR for the smaller HC than the non-smoking group, suggesting that quitting smoking may reduce their offspring’s neurological impairment even after pregnancy.

Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and ADHD: Results From a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1637-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan He ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Li-Hua Zhu ◽  
Ling-Ling Hua ◽  
Fang-Fang Ke
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

Objective: Findings on maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD risk in children are inconsistent. A meta-analysis was performed to summarize effects of exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy on ADHD risk in children. Method: We conducted a systematic literature search to select articles up to June 2016. Only prospective cohort studies were included. Summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Pooled RR estimates based on 12 cohort studies including 17,304 pregnant women suggested that maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of ADHD (pooled RR = 1.58, 95% CI = [1.33, 1.88]). Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that maternal smoking during pregnancy is related to an increased risk of ADHD in children. There is an urgent need to increase maternal awareness of smoking risk and quitting smoking to mitigate the ADHD risk in children.

scholarly journals Maternal smoking during pregnancy and early development of overweight and growth deficit in children: an analysis of survival

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-369
Author(s):  
Poliana Cristina de Almeida Fonseca ◽  
Carolina Abreu de Carvalho ◽  
Vitória Abreu de Carvalho ◽  
Andréia Queiroz Ribeiro ◽  
Silvia Eloiza Priore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Smoking ◽  
Growth Deficit

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the association between smoking during pregnancy and nutritional status. Methods: cohort study with a sample of 460 children in the baseline. The children were assessed four times, being measured for weight and length to be converted in indexes length forage (L/A) and body mass index forage (BMI/A) in Z-score. The time until occurrence of growth deficit and overweight was calculated in days and compared to maternal smoking during pregnancy. To assess the association between smoking during pregnancy and the outcomes, a Hazard Ratio by Cox regression was obtained, adjusting by confounding variables selected from Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG). Results: the time until occurrence of growth deficit and overweight was lower in children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy was a risk factor for length deficit (HR = 2.84; CI95% = 1.42 to 5.70) and for overweight (HR = 1.96; CI95% = 1, 09 to 3.53), even after the adjustment. Conclusions: maternal smoking was a changeable factor associated with anthropometric outcomes, which demonstrates the need for actions to combat smoking during pregnancy in order to prevent early nutritional deviations.

scholarly journals Umbilical Cord Serum Erythropoietin Levels and Maternal Smoking in Pregnancy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soner Sazak ◽  
Sinan Mahir Kayıran ◽  
Yahya Paksoy
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Fetal Hypoxia ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
Smoking In Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Erythropoietin

Objective. To evaluate the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on levels of umbilical cord erythropoietin.Methods. Erythropoietin levels were measured in umbilical cord sera of 60 newborns who were delivered vaginally at term. There were 20 (33%) smoking and 40 (67%) nonsmoking mothers.Results. Mean cord serum erythropoietin levels were significantly lower in the nonsmokers (nonsmokers, 24 ± 9 IU/L; smokers, 61 ± 46 IU/L;P<.001). There was a significant positive correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked per day and cord serum erythropoietin levels (r, 0.58;P≤.05).Conclusions. Smoking during pregnancy is associated with increased levels of umbilical cord erythropoietin at birth. This may indicate a risk of fetal hypoxia and growth restriction. Education and encouragement of cessation of smoking during pregnancy are important to avoid associated fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Timing- and Dose-Specific Associations of Prenatal Smoke Exposure With Newborn DNA Methylation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1917-1922
Author(s):  
Giulietta S Monasso ◽  
Vincent W V Jaddoe ◽  
Johan C de Jongste ◽  
Liesbeth Duijts ◽  
Janine F Felix
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Paternal Smoking ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction Fetal changes in DNA methylation may underlie associations of maternal smoking during pregnancy with adverse outcomes in children. We examined critical periods and doses of maternal smoking during pregnancy in relation to newborn DNA methylation, and associations of paternal smoking with newborn DNA methylation. Aims and Methods This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from early pregnancy onwards. We assessed parental smoking during pregnancy using questionnaires. We analyzed associations of prenatal smoke exposure with newborn DNA methylation at 5915 known maternal smoking-related cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites (CpGs) in 1261 newborns using linear regression. Associations with false discovery rate-corrected p-values &lt; .05 were taken forward. Results Sustained maternal smoking was associated with newborn DNA methylation at 1391 CpGs, compared with never smoking. Neither quitting smoking early in pregnancy nor former smoking was associated with DNA methylation, compared with never smoking. Among sustained smokers, smoking ≥5, compared with &lt;5, cigarettes/d was associated with DNA methylation at seven CpGs. Paternal smoking was not associated with DNA methylation, independent of maternal smoking status. Conclusions Our results suggest that CpGs associated with sustained maternal smoking are not associated with maternal smoking earlier in pregnancy or with paternal smoking. Some of these CpGs show dose–response relationships with sustained maternal smoking. The third trimester may comprise a critical period for associations of smoking with newborn DNA methylation, or sustained smoking may reflect higher cumulative doses. Alternatively, maternal smoking limited to early pregnancy and paternal smoking may be associated with DNA methylation at specific other CpGs not studied here. Implications Our results suggest that quitting maternal smoking before the third trimester of pregnancy, and possibly lowering smoking dose, may prevent differential DNA methylation in the newborns at CpGs associated with sustained smoking. If the relevance of DNA methylation for clinical outcomes is established, these results may help in counseling parents-to-be about quitting smoking.

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