scholarly journals First trimester maternal exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals and metals and fetal size in the Michigan Mother–Infant Pairs study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn M. Goodrich ◽  
Mary E. Ingle ◽  
Steven E. Domino ◽  
Marjorie C. Treadwell ◽  
Dana C. Dolinoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
The Impact

AbstractExposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals and metals are near ubiquitous worldwide, and their potential impact on children is a major public health concern. This pilot study was designed to characterize exposures to phthalates, phenols and metals among pregnant women in the first trimester, and to examine associations with fetal biometrics and birth weight. A total of 41 chemicals and elements were analyzed in urine from 56 mothers with full-term newborns from the Michigan Mother–Infant Pairs study. Bivariate analyses identified predictors of exposure biomarkers. Associations between birth weight, Fentonz-scores and second trimester fetal biometrics with toxicants were examined via multivariable linear regression. An average of 30 toxicants were detected in maternal urine. Fast food consumption was associated with several phthalate metabolites, phenols and metals, and canned food consumption with bisphenol F (P<0.05). Mono (3-carboxypropyl) phthalate was significantly associated with higher birth weight and Fentonz-score while the opposite was observed for bisphenol S. Estimated femur length from ultrasonography was significantly inversely associated with arsenic, barium and lead. While limited by sample size, this study is one of the first to evaluate birth outcomes with respect to emerging endocrine disrupting chemicals and to examine associations between toxicants and fetal biometrics. Exposure assessment was provided by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences’ Children’s Health Exposure Analysis Resource (NIEHS CHEAR), a resource available to children’s studies with the goal of combining data across cohorts in an effort to characterize the impact of toxicants on child health from birth and beyond.

scholarly journals Association of Maternal-Neonatal Steroids with Early Pregnancy Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Pregnancy Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Banker ◽  
Muraly Puttabyatappa ◽  
Patrick O’Day ◽  
Jaclyn M Goodrich ◽  
Angela S Kelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Real Life ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context Steroids play an important role in fetal development and parturition. Gestational exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) affect steroidal milieu and pregnancy outcomes, raising the possibility of steroids serving as biomarkers. Most studies have not addressed the impact of EDC mixtures, which are reflective of real life scenarios. Objective Assess the association of maternal and neonatal steroids with pregnancy outcomes and early pregnancy EDC levels. Design Prospective analysis of mother-infant dyads. Setting University hospital. Participants 121 mother-infant dyads. Main Outcome Measures The associations of maternal and neonatal steroidal hormones from 121 dyads with pregnancy outcomes, the associations of first trimester EDCs individually and as mixtures with maternal and neonatal steroids in a sub-set of 56 dyads and the influence of BMI, age and offspring sex in modulating the EDC associations with steroids were determined. Results (1) Steroid-specific positive or negative associations with pregnancy measures were evident; (2) many maternal first trimester EDCs were negatively associated with estrogens and positively with androgen/estrogen ratios; (3) EDC-steroid associations were influenced by maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, and fetal sex and (4) EDCs individually and as mixtures showed direct and inverse fetal sex-dependent associations with maternal and neonatal steroids. Conclusions This proof-of-concept study indicates association of steroids with pregnancy outcomes depending on maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, and fetal sex, with the effects of EDCs differing when considered individually or as mixtures. These findings suggest that steroidal hormonal measures have potential to serve as biomarkers of impact of EDC exposures and pregnancy outcome.

scholarly journals Influence of COVID-19 on lifestyle behaviors in the Middle East and North Africa Region: a survey of 5896 individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abouzid ◽  
◽  
Dina M. El-Sherif ◽  
Nael Kamel Eltewacy ◽  
Nesrine Ben Hadj Dahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected health and lifestyle behaviors of people globally. This project aims to identify the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle behavior of individuals in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during confinement. Methods We conducted an online survey in 17 countries (Egypt, Jordan, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Yemen, Syria, Palestine, Algeria, Morocco, Libya, Tunisia, Iraq, and Sudan) from the MENA region on August and September 2020. The questionnaire included self-reported information on lifestyle behaviors, including physical activity, eating habits, smoking, watching television, social media use and sleep before and during the pandemic. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle behaviors. Results A total of 5896 participants were included in the final analysis and 62.8% were females. The BMI of the participants was 25.4 ± 5.8 kg/m2. Around 38.4% of the participants stopped practicing any physical activities during the confinement (P < 0.001), and 57.1% reported spending more than 2 h on social media (P < 0.001). There were no significant changes in smoking habits. Also, 30.9% reported an improvement in their eating habits compared with 24.8% reported worsening of their eating habits. Fast-food consumption decreased significantly in 48.8% of the study population. This direct/indirect exposure to COVID-19 was associated with an increased consumption of carbohydrates (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.02–1.17; P = 0.01), egg (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.02–1.16; P = 0.01), sugar (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.02–1.16; P = 0.02), meat, and poultry (OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.06–1.20; P < 0.01). There was also associated increase in hours spent on watching television (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.02–1.12; P < 0.01) and social media (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.01–1.18; P = 0.03). However, our results showed a reduction in sleeping hours among those exposed to COVID-19 infection (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.77–0.94; P < 0.01). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increase in food consumption and sedentary life. Being exposed to COVID-19 by direct infection or through an infected household is a significant predictor of amplifying these changes. Public health interventions are needed to address healthy lifestyle behaviors during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Reduced birth weight caused by sextuple drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection in early 2nd trimester

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helle Hansson ◽  
Daniel T R Minja ◽  
Sofie L Moeller ◽  
John P A Lusingu ◽  
Ib C Bygbjerg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Birth Outcome ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mutant Haplotype

Abstract Mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum genes Pfdhfr and Pfdhps, particularly the sextuple mutant haplotype threatens the antimalarial effectiveness of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp). To explore the impact of sextuple mutant haplotype infections on outcome measures after provision of IPTp-SP, we monitored birth outcomes in women followed from prior to conception or from the first trimester until delivery. Women infected with sextuple haplotypes in early 2 nd trimester specifically, delivered newborns with a lower birth weight (-267g, 95% CI -454; -59, p=0·01) compared to women who did not have malaria during pregnancy and women infected with less SP resistant haplotypes (-461g, 95% CI -877; -44, p=0·03). Thus, sextuple haplotype infections seems to impact the effectiveness of SP for IPTp and directly impact birth outcome by lowering birth weight. Close monitoring and targeted malaria control during early pregnancy is therefore crucial to improve birth outcomes.

scholarly journals Occupational Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Birth Weight and Length of Gestation: A European Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (11) ◽  
pp. 1785-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Birks ◽  
Maribel Casas ◽  
Ana M. Garcia ◽  
Jan Alexander ◽  
Henrique Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Length Of Gestation

scholarly journals Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Food Consumption in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
Amalia Zaida
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Tailored Approach ◽  
Sweet Foods ◽  
The Impact

Prevention of Covid-19 transmission by increasing immunity of the body with protein intake results in changes in people's dietary behavior. Pressure due to changing environment and loss of work leads to the tendency to eat sweet foods, preserved, high in fat and salt. This study aims to determine changes in food consumption patterns in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic. Use a quick assessment of empirical facts about Indonesia's ongoing impact on Covid-19. The research approach framework conceptualizes Covid-19 as a 'Cause', and its effect on changes in food consumption patterns is "Consequent". The data used in this study from study literature uses references from national and international literature. Literature materials in the form of journals, articles, books, and news that discuss the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on people's behavior, especially food consumption behavior, which can be accessed in electronic media. Pandemic covid-19 in Indonesian society affects food consumption patterns, namely, in adults, consumption of vegetables, fruits, and spices increases. While in adolescence, consumption of sweets and fast food increases. This change in the diet affects immunity. A healthy diet increases immunity and reduces the potential for contracting covid-19. Changes in different diets require a tailored approach to community nutrition fulfillment programs. It is necessary to create a program to raise awareness among young people to implement a healthy diet, and a program to support the consistency of healthy diets that have been formed in the community due to the covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Transcriptomics and Other Omics Approaches to Investigate Effects of Xenobiotics on the Placenta

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Placental Function ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents

The conceptus is most vulnerable to developmental perturbation during its early stages when the events that create functional organ systems are being launched. As the placenta is in direct contact with maternal tissues, it readily encounters any xenobiotics in her bloodstream. Besides serving as a conduit for solutes and waste, the placenta possesses a tightly regulated endocrine system that is, of itself, vulnerable to pharmaceutical agents, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and other environmental toxicants. To determine whether extrinsic factors affect placental function, transcriptomics and other omics approaches have become more widely used. In casting a wide net with such approaches, they have provided mechanistic insights into placental physiological and pathological responses and how placental responses may impact the fetus, especially the developing brain through the placenta-brain axis. This review will discuss how such omics technologies have been utilized to understand effects of EDCs, including the widely prevalent plasticizers bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), and phthalates, other environmental toxicants, pharmaceutical agents, maternal smoking, and air pollution on placental gene expression, DNA methylation, and metabolomic profiles. It is also increasingly becoming clear that miRNA (miR) are important epigenetic regulators of placental function. Thus, the evidence to date that xenobiotics affect placental miR expression patterns will also be explored. Such omics approaches with mouse and human placenta will assuredly provide key biomarkers that may be used as barometers of exposure and can be targeted by early mitigation approaches to prevent later diseases, in particular neurobehavioral disorders, originating due to placental dysfunction.

Aspirin Responsiveness at a Dose of 80 mg and Its Impact on Birth Weight when Used in Twin Pregnancies: The GAP Pilot Randomized Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Carpentier ◽  
Paul Guerby ◽  
Bruno Camiré ◽  
Sylvie Tapp ◽  
Amélie Boutin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Objective Daily aspirin, started in the first trimester of pregnancy, is commonly used for the prevention of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction in multiple gestation. However, the optimal dose remains controversial and the evidence for the use of aspirin in multiple pregnancies is scarce. We aimed to estimate the impact of 80 mg of aspirin in twin pregnancies. Study Design We performed a pilot double-blind randomized trial of women with twin pregnancies recruited between 8 and 14 weeks of gestation. Fifty participants (25 in each group) were randomized to 80 mg of aspirin daily at bedtime or a placebo from randomization until 36 weeks of gestation. Primary and secondary outcomes included the birth weight of live infants, preeclampsia, and aspirin responsiveness evaluated by a platelet aggregation test (platelet function assay [PFA]-100). Results All participants were followed until birth, including 48 and 47 live newborns in the aspirin and the placebo groups, respectively. The mean birth weight difference between the aspirin (2,385 ± 529 g) and placebo (2,224 ± 706 g) groups was of 179 g (95% confidence interval [CI]: −172–531 g, p = 0.32). We observed two (8%) cases of preeclampsia in the aspirin group and no case with placebo (p = 0.49). Most importantly,16 of 24 participants who received aspirin (67%; 95% CI: 45–84%) had a normal PFA-100 test at 22 to 23 weeks, including the two cases of preeclampsia, suggesting that the majority of the participants were nonresponsive to 80 mg of aspirin. Conclusion Our results suggest that the majority of women with twin pregnancies showed a lack of response to a daily dose of 80 mg of aspirin according to the PFA-100 test, compared with the expected 29% of nonresponsiveness in singleton pregnancies. A daily dose of 80 mg of aspirin is likely to be insufficient for the prevention of preeclampsia and other placenta-mediated complications in twin pregnancies. Key Points

scholarly journals Determinants of takeaway and fast food consumption: a narrative review

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley G. Janssen ◽  
Ian G. Davies ◽  
Lucinda D. Richardson ◽  
Leonard Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Home Food ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOut-of-home foods (takeaway, take-out and fast foods) have become increasingly popular in recent decades and are thought to be a key driver in increasing levels of overweight and obesity due to their unfavourable nutritional content. Individual food choices and eating behaviours are influenced by many interrelated factors which affect the results of nutrition-related public health interventions. While the majority of research based on out-of-home foods comes from Australia, the UK and USA, the same issues (poor dietary habits and increased prevalence of non-communicable disease) are of equal concern for urban centres in developing economies undergoing ‘nutrition transition’ at a global scale. The present narrative review documents key facets, which may influence out-of-home food consumption, drawn from biological, societal, environmental, demographic and psychological spheres. Literature searches were performed and references from relevant papers were used to find supplementary studies. Findings suggest that the strongest determinants of out-of-home food availability are density of food outlets and deprivation within the built environment; however, the association between socio-economic status and out-of-home food consumption has been challenged. In addition, the biological and psychological drives combined with a culture where overweight and obesity are becoming the norm makes it ‘fashionable’ to consume out-of-home food. Other factors, including age group, ethnicity and gender demonstrate contrasting effects and a lack of consensus. It is concluded that further consideration of the determinants of out-of-home food consumption within specific populations is crucial to inform the development of targeted interventions to reduce the impact of out-of-home foods on public health.

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