scholarly journals Performance of Hereford bulls offered diets based on whole crop silages with or without protein inclusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (s1) ◽  
pp. s10-s14
Author(s):  
M. Pesonen ◽  
E. Joki-Tokola ◽  
A. Huuskonen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Carcass Conformation ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Dough Stage

An experiment with 30 Hereford growing bulls was designed to study the effects of (1) forage type and (2) inclusion of rapeseed meal (RSM) in the barley-based concentrate. The three forage types were grass silage (GS), whole crop barley silage harvested at the milk stage (BSM) or at the dough stage (BSD). The concentrate used was rolled barley alone or barley plus RSM. Mean total dry matter (DM) intakes for the GS, BSM and BSD bulls were 9.04, 8.74 and 9.46 kg/day, and carcass gains were 883, 770 and 867 g/day, respectively. Both DM intake and carcass gain were significantly higher in the BSD bulls compared with the BSM bulls. Mean carcass weights of the GS, BSM and BSD bulls were 395, 369 and 392 kg, respectively, and tended to be lower in the BSM bulls. Forage type and RSM had no effects on the carcass conformation or fat score. Rapeseed meal supplementation increased total DM intake (+10%, P<0.01), carcass gain (+14%, P<0.001) and carcass weight (+8%, P<0.01) of the bulls. Overall, GS could be totally replaced by whole crop barley silage in the diet of growing bulls when the concentrate constitutes 0.4 of the diet, but whole crop barley silage should be harvested at the dough stage instead of the milk stage.

Effects of concentrate proportion and protein supplementation on performance of growing and finishing crossbred bulls fed a whole-crop barley silage-based diet

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pesonen ◽  
E. Joki-Tokola ◽  
A. Huuskonen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Carcass Conformation ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Barley Silage

A 2 × 3 factorial design was used to study the effects of concentrate proportion and protein supplementation on performance of growing and finishing bulls fed a whole-crop barley silage (WCBS)-based diet. A feeding experiment comprised 30 crossbred bulls with average initial liveweight of 315 kg. The bulls were offered WCBS ad libitum. The two concentrate proportions were 200 and 400 g/kg diet dry matter (DM). The concentrate used was (1) rolled barley, (2) rolled barley plus rapeseed meal or (3) rolled barley plus urea-based supplement. The crude protein (CP) content of rolled barley was 119 g/kg DM and both protein supplements were given so that the CP content of the concentrate was raised to 170 g/kg DM. The final liveweight of the bulls was 669 kg, on average, and it was not affected by dietary treatments. The dietary treatments had no effects on total DM intake of the bulls (8.91 kg/day). However, the increasing concentrate proportion increased energy intake (P < 0.05), carcass gain (P < 0.01) and dressing proportion (P < 0.05) and improved carcass conformation (P < 0.05). Protein supplementation had no effects on energy intake, carcass gain, dressing proportion or carcass conformation but it tended to increase carcass fat score (P = 0.06) compared to the bulls fed without protein supplementation. Overall, the results indicate that there is no reason to use protein supplementation for growing and finishing bulls more than 300-kg liveweight when they are fed with good quality whole-crop barley silage and barley-based concentrate.

scholarly journals Performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls offered diets based on whole-crop barley silage with or without protein supplementation relative to a grass silage-based diet

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Kalevi Huuskonen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Barley Silage

This study was conducted to examine the performance of growing dairy bulls offered diets based on whole-crop barley silage with or without protein supplementation when compared to a grass silage-based diet. A feeding experiment comprised 36 bulls which were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum. The four dietary treatments were: 1) grass silage (600 g kg-1 dry matter) and rolled barley (400), 2) whole-crop barley silage (600) and rolled barley (400), 3) whole-crop barley silage (600), rolled barley (310) and rapeseed meal-based protein supplementation (90), and 4) whole-crop barley silage (600), rolled barley (330) and rapeseed meal + urea -based protein supplementation (70). Replacing grass silage with whole-crop barley decreased the carcass gain and carcass weight of the bulls due to lower energy intake. Protein supplementation either as rapeseed meal or rapeseed meal + urea of whole-crop barley silage based diets had no effects on animal performance.

Performance, carcass composition and energy retention of lambs offered two contrasting grass-based forages

1999 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. KIRKPATRICK ◽  
R. W. J. STEEN
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Acetic Acids

An experiment was carried out in Northern Ireland in 1994 to examine the effects of ensiling grass on the partitioning of nutrients between lean and fat deposition in lambs using the comparative slaughter technique. The six treatments consisted of: (1) unsupplemented grass silage; (2) grass silage supplemented with concentrates, concentrates constituting 250 g/kg total dry matter intake (DMI); (3) grass silage supplemented with concentrates, concentrates constituting 500 g/kg total DMI; (4) unsupplemented grass which had been conserved by freezing; (5) pre-frozen grass supplemented with concentrates, concentrates constituting 250 g/kg total DMI, and (6) pre-frozen grass supplemented with concentrates, concentrates constituting 500 g/kg total DMI. A total of 84 Dutch Texel×Greyface (Border Leicester×Blackface) lambs, consisting of 42 males which were initially 35 (s.d. 4·8) kg liveweight and 42 females which were 33 (S.D. 2·6) kg liveweight, were used. The silage was well preserved as indicated by its low pH (3·8), low concentration of ammonia (60 g/kg total nitrogen) and high concentration of lactic acid (129 g/kg DM). The grass had a higher pH (5·2) and higher WSC concentration (129 g/kg DM) and lower concentrations of lactic (33 g/kg DM) and acetic acids (6 g/kg DM). Ensiling had no significant effect (P>0·05) on empty body and carcass weight gains. Animals offered unsupplemented silage had significantly lower protein (P<0·001) concentration in the carcass gain and significantly higher lipid and energy (P<0·001) concentrations than animals offered unsupplemented frozen grass. However, there was no effect of forage type on chemical composition of carcass gains when 50% forage was offered. It is concluded that ensiling had no effect on empty body or carcass weight gains, but did increase carcass fatness when unsupplemented forages were offered.

scholarly journals Replacing grass silage with pea-barley intercrop silage in the feeding of the dairy cow

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PURSIAINEN ◽  
M. TUORI
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Barley Silage

The effect of replacing wilted grass silage (GS) with pea-barley intercrop silage (PBS) on feed intake, diet digestibility and milk production was studied with 8 multiparous Ayrshire-cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Proportion of PBS was 0 (PBS0), 33 (PBS33), 67 (PBS67) or 100 (PBS100) % of silage dry matter (DM). The DM content was 559 and 255 g kg-1 for GS and PBS. Crude protein content was 131 and 170 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Pea-barley silage was more extensively fermented than GS with total fermentation acid content of 120 vs. 12 g kg-1 DM. Silage was fed for ad libitum intake and supplemented with on the average 13 kg concentrate per day. Silage DM intake was 9.2 (PBS0), 9.7 (PBS33), 9.0 (PBS67) and 7.1 (PBS100) kg per day (Pquadr. < 0.05). The energy corrected milk yield [30.3 (PBS0), 29.8 (PBS33), 30.3 (PBS67), 31.3 (PBS100) kg per day] was not significantly affected by the treatment. Milk protein concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to feeding PBS. It is concluded that PBS can replace up to two thirds of wilted, moderate quality GS in the feeding of dairy cows because in this experiment pure pea-barley silage reduced silage intake.

Effects of offering lupins/triticale and vetch/barley silages alone or in combination with grass silage on animal performance, meat quality and the fatty acid composition of lean meat from beef cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005-1016
Author(s):  
P. C. Kennedy ◽  
L. E. R. Dawson ◽  
F. O. Lively ◽  
R. W. J. Steen ◽  
A. M. Fearon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Barley Silage

AbstractAn experiment was carried out to examine the effects of offering beef steers grass silage (GS) as the sole forage, lupins/triticale silage (LTS) as the sole forage, a mixture of LTS and GS at a ratio of 70:30 on a dry matter (DM) basis, vetch/barley silage (VBS) as the sole forage, a mixture of VBS and GS at a ratio of 70:30 on a DM basis, giving a total of five silage diets. Each of the five silage diets was supplemented with 2 and 5 kg of concentrates/head/day in a 5 × 2 factorial design to evaluate the five silages at two levels of concentrate intake and to examine possible interactions between silage type and concentrate intake. A total of 80 beef steers were used in the 122-day experiment. The GS was well preserved while the whole crop cereal/legume silages had high ammonia-nitrogen (N) concentrations, low lactic acid concentrations and low butyric acid concentrations For GS, LTS, LTS/GS, VBS and VBS/GS, respectively, silage DM intakes were 6.5, 7.0, 7.2, 6.1 and 6.6 (s.e.d.0.55) kg/day and live weight gains were 0.94, 0.72, 0.63, 0.65 and 0.73 (s.e.d.0.076) kg/day. Silage type did not affect carcass fatness, the colour or tenderness of meat or the fatty acid composition of the intramuscular fat in thelongissimus dorsimuscle.

The effect of forage type and host animal diet on the in situ rumen degradation of grass silage and pea/wheat bi-crops containing different pea varieties

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 87-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Salawu ◽  
A.T. Adesogan ◽  
R.J. Dewhurst
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Animal Diet

Compared to grass silage, pea/wheat bi-crops produce higher dry matter (DM) yields, higher feed intakes and nitrogen (N) retention (Adesogan et al., 2000). The improved performance of animals fed bi-crops may be due to a postulated synchronous supply of readily fermentable energy and protein for ruminal microbial protein synthesis. This study attempted to validate this theory by measuring the rumen degradability of grass silages and pea/wheat bi-crop silages containing different pea varieties. To determine if grass silage-fed animals could be used to determine the degradability of bi-crops, the effect of host animal diet on rumen degradation was also examined.

Productivity and carcass composition of Friesian, Meuse-Rhine-Issel (MRI) × Friesian and Belgian Blue × Friesian steers

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Keane
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Carcass Conformation ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Total Muscle

AbstractOne hundred and twenty spring-born steers, comprising 40 Friesians (FR), 40 Meuse-Rhine-lssel (MRI) × Friesians (MR), and 40 Belgian Blue × Friesians (BB) were reared together from 3 weeks of age to the start of their second winter. During the second winter there was a 3 (FR, MR and BB breed types) × 2 (3 kg and 6 kg supplementary concentrates per head daily with grass silage ad libitum) × 2 (96- and 220-day finishing periods) factorial arrangement of treatments (10 animals per subgroup). Carcass weights and grades were recorded after slaughter at the end of the second winter, and one side from each of 96 carcasses (eight per subgroup) was dissected into bone, muscle, intermuscular fat and subcutaneous fat. A sample of m. longissimus from the 10th rib was chemically analysed. Slaughter weights and carcass weights per day from arrival to slaughter were 796, 813 and 828 (s.e.d. 11·7) g and 419, 440 and 457 (s.e.d. 7·1) g for FR, MR and BB, respectively. Corresponding carcass weights were 314, 329 and 342 (s.e.d. 4·5) kg. BB had better conformation than both FR and MR. BB also had a lower carcass fat score, lower proportions of bone, intermuscular fat and subcutaneous fat, a higher proportion of muscle and muscle with higher proportion of moisture and a lower proportion of lipid than FR and MR. The higher level of concentrates increased side iveight by 8 kg, but the overall effects on carcass composition were small. The longer finishing period increased side weight by 25 kg and was associated with significantly reduced proportions of bone and muscle and an increased proportion of fat. Allometric regression coefficients for carcass weight on slaughter weight, and for bone, muscle and fat weights on side weight were 1·19, 0·39, 0·80 and 2·16, respectively. It is concluded that despite the better carcass conformation of MR, there was little difference in carcass and muscle composition between FR and MR. BB, in addition to having a higher growth rate and better carcass conformation than FR, also had more muscle in the carcass, more of the total muscle in the higher value joints and a lower proportion of lipid in the muscle. It was calculated that FR, MR and BB would have similar proportions of separable fat in the carcass at approximate carcass weights of 300, 320 and 400 kg, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Post-Grazing Sward Height, Sire Genotype and Indoor Finishing Diet on Steer Intake, Growth and Production in Grass-Based Suckler Weanling-to-Beef Systems

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2623
Author(s):  
Peter R. Doyle ◽  
Mark McGee ◽  
Aidan P. Moloney ◽  
Alan K. Kelly ◽  
Edward G. O’Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Subsequent Effect ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

This study evaluated the effects of post-grazing sward height (PGSH, 4 or 6 cm) on herbage production, its nutritive value, dry matter (DM) intake, grazing behaviour and growth of early- (EM) and late-maturing (LM) breed suckler steers (n = 72), and the subsequent effect of indoor finishing diet (grass silage + 3.8 kg concentrate DM/head daily (SC), or grass silage only (SO)) on performance and carcass traits. Animals rotationally grazed pasture for 196 days, followed by indoor finishing for 119 days. At pasture, daily live-weight gain (LWG) was 0.10 kg greater for PGSH-6 than PGSH-4, resulting in a tendency for carcass weight to be 11 kg heavier. Although EM had a 0.10 kg greater daily LWG at pasture than LM, carcass weight did not differ between the genotypes. There was a genotype × PGSH interaction for carcass fat score, whereby there was no difference between EM-4 (8.83, 15-point scale) and EM-6 (8.17), but LM-6 (7.28) was greater than LM-4 (6.33). Although concentrate supplementation during indoor finishing increased carcass weight (+37 kg) and fat score (1.75 units), the majority of steers (83% of EM and 78% of LM) achieved a commercially-acceptable carcass fat score (6.78) at slaughter in the grass-forage-only system.

scholarly journals Response of silage intake and milk production to replacement of barley by barley fibre derived from integrated starch-ethanol process

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 711-721
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen ◽  
Hannele Ala-Seppälä ◽  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Ad Libitum

A duplicated 4 x 4 Latin Square experiment was conducted to determine the effects of a gradually increased level of barley fibre in the diet on ad libitum grass silage intake and milk production. Barley fibre is a fibrous ethanol-starch by-product (120 g crude protein, 550 g neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and 120 g starch/kg dry matter (DM)). The four supplements, given at the rate of 6.5 kg/d on DM basis, were barley (B) and barley of which 333 g/kg (BF), 667 g/kg (FB) and 1000 g/kg (F) were replaced by barley fibre. In addition the cows were given 1 kg of rapeseed meal and 0.25 kg of mineral mixture. As the proportion of barley fibre in the diet increased there was a linear (P

scholarly journals Effects of concentrate level and rapeseed meal supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and valuable cuts of Hereford and Charolais bulls offered grass silage-barley-based rations

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiju Pesonen ◽  
Markku Honkavaara ◽  
Helena Kämäräinen ◽  
Tiina Tolonen ◽  
Mari Jaakkola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Concentrate Level

The objectives of this experiment with Hereford (Hf) and Charolais (Ch) bulls offered grass silage-based diets were to determine the effects on performance, carcass traits and meat quality of the proportion of concentrate in the diet, and the inclusion of rapeseed meal (RSM) in the barley-based concentrate. The two concentrate proportions were 200 and 500 g kg-1 dry matter, fed without or with RSM. The Ch bulls tended to achieve higher gain, produced less fat, had a higher percentage of meat from high-priced joints and had a lower degree of marbling in their meat compared to the Hf bulls. Dry matter and energy intakes, growth performance and carcass conformation improved with increasing concentrate level. Intake parameters and conformation improved more with the Ch bulls than with the Hf bulls as a consequence of increased concentrate allowance. RSM had only limited effects on the performance, carcass traits or meat quality.

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