Abstract of a Paper on the Physiological Law of Mortality, and on certain Deviations from it observed about the Commencement of Adult Life

1856 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
A. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
The Law ◽  
Characteristic Features

I. The object of the first part of this memoir was to determine the normal course of mortality as affected by age alone, without reference to other circumstances.What we name the law of mortality is not a simple law, but a compendious expression, by which we denote the operation of various laws, physiological, physical, and moral. Of these, the physiological laws are so uniform in their operation that they impress certain characteristic features upon the law of mortality, according to age, which are observed amidst all the diversities which it exhibits under varying circumstances, physical and moral.

'Flemish law' in Central Germany

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-61
Author(s):  
Heiner Lück
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
General Context ◽  
Equal Division ◽  
Place Names ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Central Germany ◽  
The Law ◽  
Characteristic Features

AbstractIn the general context of 12th- and 13th-century migrations in Europe, several communities from the Low Countries settled in central Germany, in territories now divided between the Länder Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. Many of these settlements were concentrated in the region between Berlin and Wittenberg, still known today as the Fläming (from Flamen, German for Flemings, but also a generic name for populations from the Low Countries); the settlements also include areas around Burg and Magdeburg, a few localities around Leipzig and Naumburg, and the Goldene Aue, near the Kyffhäuser Hills. The law in those Flemish-Dutch settlements can to some extent be traced back through local customs and place-names, as well as through references in charters granting a distinctive legal status to the colonists. Characteristic features of the legal migration are the equal division of property after death and the terms Schulze and Schultheiß, which may in some cases go back to Netherlandish origins and influences.

Pedagogical aspects of managing professional conflicts in the activities of the head of the local department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Semchenko
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
The Law ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Professional Conflicts

The reform carried out in recent years in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is aimed, among other things, at focused work on the establishment and development of a professional worldview of a police officer in departmental universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The conflict in the activities of the police officers is active and professional in nature, i.e. associated with the features of professional tasks. The characteristic features for decisions made by employees in conflict situations are lack of time, often the finality of a decision, since a decision cannot be clarified later, verification of decisions by interested opponents and management, the need to make decisions based on incomplete, sometimes deliberately distorted information. With regard to the activities of the internal affairs bodies, the main reason causing conflict situations in communication is the commission of a crime, entering into conflict with society, with the law.

Comparative Sales Law

2006 ◽  
pp. 936-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Huber
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sales Contracts ◽  
Uniform Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
International Sales ◽  
Preparatory Work

The story of comparative law in the field of sales contracts is inextricably linked to Ernst Rabel. Rabel not only prepared the basis for any comparative study of the modern law of sales in his epochal treatise Das Recht des Warenkaufs, but also initiated the process of world-wide harmonization of the law of international sales. The close interrelation between comparative law and uniform law is also apparent in the life and the work of Ernst Rabel as his treatise on the law of sales developed from the preparatory work he had done for the UNIDROIT project to create a uniform law for international sales in the 1930s. The second section of this article outlines the most important projects in this area and their interaction with comparative law. The third section discusses selected characteristic features of the law of sales which are interesting from a comparative point of view.

scholarly journals A suggestion of the euphony of Ukrainian poetry

2019 ◽  
pp. 138-140
Author(s):  
Olexandr Strokal
Keyword(s):  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
The Law ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
General Linguistic ◽  
Selection Of

Peony is one of the main, central and most significant characteristics of the Ukrainian language. Harmony of sound transitions, the correct combination of consonants and vowels are the main markers of the sound of the word. M. Yarmolinska’s study devoted to the study of poetic euphony as one of the characteristic features of Ukrainian poetry. The researcher understands the euphony as a science that analyzes the sound composition of verses and establishes the laws of poetic sonority. The author applies general linguistic principles for the interpretation of the phenomenon of euphony and emphasizes its importance and functions in the text. The researcher gives an interpretation of concepts such as “phonemic saturation of the text”, “textual accented vocalization”, “textual consonance” etc., reveals the peculiarities of their interrelations within euphony as a science. M. Yarmolinska argues that the law of sound semantics is realized as much as possible in atypical, unexpected, deliberately created acoustic contexts. The author offers a number of parameters which, in her opinion, it is expedient to analyze the euphonic phenomena. In particular, this is: intonational nuances; ornamental function; function of “audio italic”; associative bonds of words; creating a specific sound; script; creation of symbolic sound; semantic effects. The researcher believes, that one of the euphonic tools that performs a suggestive function is aliteration. This artistic instrument has a historical history and is therefore characterized by its being one of its own. M. Yarmolinska considers the peculiarities of the use of alliteration in T. Shevchenko’s, P. Tychyna’s, O. Dovhyi’s, A. Moisiienko’s, D. Chystiak’s poetic texts. The proposed selection of personalities by the researcher (T. Shevchenko, P. Tychyna, O. Dovhyi, A. Moisiienko, D. Chystiak), although it does not claim to be exhaustive, is rather indicative as it allows the linguist to make an analytical review of each of the stages of development of the Ukrainian language.

scholarly journals Interpretation of law by the court as an element of legislation

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
O. G. Koban
Keyword(s):  
Court Case ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Judicial Interpretation ◽  
Lower Courts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Correct Understanding

The article examines the problem of the essence and content of judicial interpretation, its characteristic features. The goal of a casual court interpretation is the correct understanding of the content of the norms of law, and the task is to individualize legal regulations. Acts of casual court interpretation are «samples» for lower courts, given that they are always guided by the practice of interpretation. The article also deals with the theoretical aspects of the institute of interpretation of law by court, its gist, and legal nature; explores the views of the Ukrainian and foreign scientists on the subject. The article also deals with relevant to modern legal practice issues of judicial interpretation. The peculiarity of the casual interpretation is that it has a person-oriented character and is relevant to specific circumstances. A casual interpretation can not go beyond the boundaries of a particular legal case and apply to similar cases. The difference between the normative interpretation and the casual is that the former may extend to an unspecified range of cases, and the second one to the incident that was the subject of a dispute. Subjects of casual interpretation are the judicial and administrative bodies. Clarification of the content of the law by the judiciary is a judicial interpretation. The official constitutional interpretation of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine is carried out in providing opinions on cases of constitutionality of laws and other legal acts, compliance with the Constitution of Ukraine of international treaties, adherence to the procedure of investigation and consideration of the case of removal of the President of Ukraine from office in the order of impeachment. The supreme court’s interpretation of the case largely influences judicial practice. Courts, in court cases, carry out a casual interpretation of the rules of law and develop case-law on the application of the rules of law. The casual judicial interpretation is the interpretive activity of the court in the process of reviewing and resolving court cases (or in the order of their review by the appellate or cassation instances), the purpose of which is a correct understanding of the content of the legal norm. His task is the individualization of legal requirements, and the result is binding only for a specific court case and parties involved in it. The acts of the casual interpretation of the higher judicial bodies are «samples» for lower courts, given that they are always guided by the practice of interpretation and application of the law by the highest judicial authorities and, as a rule, follow it. Characteristic features of the casual judicial interpretation is that its subjects are judges of all courts, it is directed at the consideration and resolution of a particular court case, the results of such an interpretation are binding only for the parties to a specific court case and are fixed in the motive part of the decision. Keywords: court, casual interpretation, the rule of law, judicial interpretation, rule.

Explanation and Example of a Method of Constructing Mortality Tables with imperfect data; and of the Extension of Gompertz's Theory to the entire period of Life

1871 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-354
Author(s):  
W. M. Makeham
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Imperfect Data ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
Whole Number ◽  
Satisfactory Method ◽  
The Law

I have recently tad occasion for a special purpose to apply the formula to a case which, I think, presents points of sufficient interest to justify me in laying it before the readers of the Journal of the Institute of Actuaries.The chief difficulties encountered in the construction of the following Table have arisen, first, from the extreme paucity of the data for adult ages,—the whole number of deaths observed above the age of 14 being 27 only,—and secondly, from the want (hitherto) of a simple and satisfactory method of adapting the law of mortality prevailing in adult life to the observations for infancy and childhood. I proceed to explain the mode in which these difficulties have (as I venture to think) been overcome.

scholarly journals State Service in the Law Enforcement Sphere and Its Major Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-580
Author(s):  
Roman V. Nagornykh
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
State Service ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Law ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Enforcement Activity

The article investigates the main features of state service in the law enforcement sphere and the place of state service in administrative and legal regulation mechanism. The goals of the work are as follows: to consider state service in the law enforcement sphere as a single legal category, to reveal its essence and characteristic features as a social system, to provide a scientific classification of its constituent elements and disclose their administrative and legal content. We highlight the following main functional features of those state bodies the service in which can be called law enforcement activity: state and power-based nature of activity, exercising executive and administrative powers, special functional and target purpose, application of special measures of legal influence based on the use of persuasion and coercion methods, and a special legal status. We conclude that practical solution to the question of classifying state service in a particular state body as law enforcement activity may be found through legislative definition of the concept of law enforcement activity of the state, law enforcement functions of state authorities, and the system of state authorities exercising law enforcement functions. Key words: state service, administrative and legal regulation, law enforcement activity, law enforcement functions, legal enforcement.

scholarly journals Characteristic of vowel harmony in the Oguz-Kipchak dialects and their integration into other Turkic dialects

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-518
Author(s):  
M. Ismailova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
The Law ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article includes vowel harmony, which is considered one of the most characteristic features of the Turkic languages. Vowel harmony has a very ancient history in Turkic. This law was formed during the period of the proto-turkic. In the ancient Turkic written monuments, vowel harmony was an “iron law”. This law has played a key role in the writing of ancient written monuments. However, although vowel harmony came from Orkhon, this ancient phonetic law should always be considered a continuation of the old norm. Although the word “vowel harmony” as a phonetic law in Turkic includes harmony of conconants, harmony of vowels with consonants, on the basis of this law stands harmony of vowel. However, as a result of the internal and external processes occurring in the Turkic languages in the course of historical development, the harmonicism had different features. One of the reasons for this is the lack of proper knowledge of the dialect and emphasis based on the literary language. Therefore, Turkic dialects should be studied as the main source. The article does not consider satisfactory the study of Turkic dialects based on the facts of a particular language. This is more clearly seen when studying the law of harmony. The study of the law of harmony on the basis of various Turkic dialects allows for an accurate scientific interpretation of this issue.

scholarly journals Podstawowe założenia badań empirycznych w prawoznawstwie - próba konfrontacji

2017 ◽  
pp. 87-114
Author(s):  
Artur Kotowski
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
The Law ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Empirical Methodology

The paper is a critical analysis of fundamental assumptions for the empirical research methodology in the jurisprudence field. It is aimed to compare the profile of empirical methodology with jurisprudence-dominant analytic philosophy. This is archived through a) examining the basic profile of the positivist attitude of a researcher along with assumptions integrating empiricism, which derives from the positivist methodology, into different philosophies of the law which specifically appeal to the naturalism of the legal phenomenon; next b) detailing characteristic features of empirical methods which take jurisprudence specifics into account; and finally c) coming to a set of conclusions concerning the success of research conducted this way in the jurisprudence field.

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