scholarly journals Do Lenders Make Effective Regulators? An Assessment of the Equator Principles on Project Finance

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1525-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Sarro
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Project Finance ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Standards ◽  
Equator Principles ◽  
Private Actors

Over the past decade and a half, private sector actors have developed innumerable environmental and social standards whose stated intention is to further global public interests, such as sustainable development in less developed countries (LDCs). While some authors have welcomed these standards as a means of addressing transnational problems that governments are ill-equipped to deal with, others argue that these standards often amount to little more than a public relations exercise, with private actors producing high-minded standards on paper but failing to enforce them in practice.

scholarly journals MODEL ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Olha Kovalchuk ◽  
Nataliia Strelbitska
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Graph Classification ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Social Standards ◽  
Index Of Inequality ◽  
High Level ◽  
Medium Method

The article discusses the possibilities of use of classical instruments of analytical methods and data mining methods for global sustainability modelling. To divide countries into groups according to the indicators that are traditionally allocated for sustainability studying, it is carried out the cluster analysis by k-medium method, which resulted in 2 clusters. The first cluster includes economically developed industrialized countries. A high level of social performance and a low level of inequality of outcomes characterize them. At the same time, these countries have high rank of corruption and low Gini Index. There are low social standards, but significantly lower rank of corruption and footprint than in developed countries in the countries of the second cluster. However, the index of inequality of outcomes is three times higher than in the countries included in the first cluster. The tree graph classification of the countries of the world has been constructed on the basis of indicators of sustainable development. The computer models, which are presented in this paper, aim to solve the main problems of sustainable development. They can also be applicable in many other fields, including international relations, economics, and management systems.

Sustainability Framework: An Integration of the Equator Principles into Business Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Aldi Muhammad Alizar ◽  
Choerunisa Noor Syahid ◽  
Anas Nikoyan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Equator Principles ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sustainability Framework

Indonesia as the largest archipelago in Southeast Asia has a strategic location for business and investment. After the economic crisis in 1998 and 2009, Indonesia could be passed it away until present. It can be seen by the increasing of growth domestic product. Currently, the Indonesian government began to encourage the public and private institution to achieve sustainable development and compete in globalization. However, there are a lot of challenges for the stakeholders to reach the goals.The strategy that has been done by the private sectors is implementing corporate social responsibilities (CSR) as company’s program. Keivani (2009) stated that CSR program by private sector could be supporting the government to achieve sustainable development. Since the concept of triple bottom line in CSR also exist in sustainable development component. The triple bottom lines by Keivani (2009) consist of: (i) People that associated on social justice, (ii) planet that associated on environmental quality, and (iii) profit which related with economic prosperity. Based on this concept, the private sector also has a duty in realizing sustainable development goals.In General, to complete the sustainable development goals is not only private company’s responsible or government, but it also dependable from all of development actors. The three development actors are government as policy makers, private sectors as capital models, and society as the vulnerable development objects. The communication abilities and having adequate knowledge are the most essential things for actors to have it.This paper discuss about how do the private sectors in Indonesia embrace the other stakeholders of development actors (which are government and community) to achieve sustainable development without ignoring their business objectives. By using the Equator Principles that focused on social and environmental management and sustainability framework by the International Finance Corporation, it expected to give some new approaches for the companies to protect their business process.

North-South Divisions in Multilateral Environmental Agreements: Negotiating the Private Sector's Role in Three Rio Agreements

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Agreements ◽  
Multilateral Environmental Agreements ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
The North ◽  
Technology Transfers

AbstractThis article analyzes negotiations in the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, the Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the Convention to Combat Desertification and focuses on discussions related to technology transfers from the North to the South. These transfers and the financial flows that the private sector could bring with it are closely related to what was believed to be a bargain reached in 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit. During subsequent negotiations, delegates from developed and developing countries have followed a fairly predictable 'script' on these issues – developed countries generally insist that the private sector, as the owner of the technology, must be involved in its transfer, while developing countries have insisted the governments of developed countries should honor their past commitments and promote these transfers. This study describes the development of the script under the three negotiating bodies at Rio, examines the variables that have contributed to the development of the script and, based on this analysis, identifies opportunities to move the talks forward.

Cooperative Management Regimes: Collaborative Problem-Solving to Implement Sustainable Development

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Collaborative Problem Solving ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Collaborative Problem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Innovative Management ◽  
Environmental Burdens

AbstractOver the past decade, there have been important changes in the way in which governments in developed countries have approached the management of environmental problems. Ideas of ``partnership,'' public-private cooperation, and negotiated solutions have increasingly come to the fore, as the persistence and complexity of certain types of environmental challenge have come to be appreciated. This essay focuses on a particular type of collaboration: where groups based in different social domains establish cooperative relationships focused around managing specific environmental burdens over time. After presenting an ideal-type description of such a practically focused and negotiation-centered approach to environmental governance, the argument moves on to consider potential advantages, but also possible difficulties, that may be associated with this innovative management strategy. It suggests that collaborative and problem-oriented approaches are likely to prove central to the effort to implement sustainable development.

scholarly journals Actual Problems of Sustainable Development and their Solution in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Kochemasova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
The Past ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Economic Capacity

In the post-industrial period, which began in developed countries in the 1970s–1980s, the processes of globalization and competition in world markets came to the fore. As a result of the intensive development of industry and the growth of domestic consumption, many countries have largely exhausted the economic capacity of their territories. They are experiencing a shortage of raw materials. Over the past sixty years, the world’s leading countries have been implementing a socio-ecological and economic model of social development, which allows them to use financial, labour and natural resources rationally. Russia’s transition to sustainable development can give an additional impetus to the country’s socio-economic development. It also ensures breakthrough scientific and technological progress, increases the competitiveness of the national economy, creates other opportunities for more effective implementation of strategic planning documents and national projects.

scholarly journals Towards a Visual Typology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7935
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Barton ◽  
Felipe Gutiérrez-Antinopai
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hybrid Nature ◽  
Private Actors

Representations of sustainability and sustainable development, as images, figures, and models have received relatively little attention in the literature, compared with textual definitions. However, there has been a concerted effort by authors to communicate complexity to specialized and wider audiences over the past fifty years. The purpose of this article is to present a taxonomy of visual representations of sustainability and sustainable development that reveal the conceptual diversity and complexity of these metanarratives of the dynamics of socio-ecological systems (SES). Using an exploratory and interpretive methodology, the principal objective is to describe and interpret the core traits of 18 different representations, which reflect the hybrid nature of sustainability and sustainable development depictions, but also allow them to be categorized into six main types. This exercise is based on the review of images used in the secondary literature on sustainability and sustainable development, and also websites that have compiled sets of images. The shared roots or common traits of the six main types are to be found in the principles of complexity, nonlinearity, holism, projection, and praxis. These roots reflect not only the dynamics of SES, but also how these system representations change according to their purposes and etiologies which are, in turn, defined by the academic, public, and private actors who design them.

History, Heritage and Sustainable Development: A Position Statement on the Scottish Highlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
S. Karly Kehoe ◽  
Chris Dalglish
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
The Past ◽  
Taking Charge ◽  
Rural World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Crucial Part

Evidence of how history and culture have been or should be harnessed to promote sustainability in remote and rural communities is mounting. To be sustainable, development must come from within, it must serve future generations as well as those in the present and it must attend to the vitality of culture, society, the economy and the environment. Historical research has an important contribution to make to sustainability, especially if undertaken collaboratively, by challenging and transcending the boundaries between disciplines and between the professional researchers, communities and organisations which serve and work with them. The Sustainable Development Goals’ motto is ‘leaving no one behind’, and for the 17 Goals to be met, there must be a dramatic reshaping of the ways in which we interact with each other and with the environment. Enquiry into the past is a crucial part of enabling communities, in all their shapes and sizes, to develop in sustainable ways. This article considers the rural world and posits that historical enquiry has the potential to deliver insights into the world in which we live in ways that allow us to overcome the negative legacies of the past and to inform the planning of more positive and progressive futures. It draws upon the work undertaken with the Landscapes and Lifescapes project, a large partnership exploring the historic links between the Scottish Highlands and the Caribbean, to demonstrate how better understandings of the character and consequences of previous development might inform future development in ways that seek to tackle injustices and change unsustainable ways of living. What we show is how taking charge of and reinterpreting the past is intrinsic to allowing the truth (or truths) of the present situation to be brought to the surface and understood, and of providing a more solid platform for overcoming persistent injustices.

Vitamin A: dietologist’s position

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
S. V. Orlova ◽  
E. A. Nikitina ◽  
L. I. Karushina ◽  
Yu. A. Pigaryova ◽  
O. E. Pronina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Vitamin A (retinol) is one of the key elements for regulating the immune response and controls the division and differentiation of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchopulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, eyes, etc. Its significance in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is difficult to overestimate. However, a number of studies conducted in the past have associated the additional intake of vitamin A with an increased risk of developing cancer, as a result of which vitamin A was practically excluded from therapeutic practice in developed countries. Our review highlights the role of vitamin A in maintaining human health and the latest data on its effect on the development mechanisms of somatic pathology.

Rethinking Private Authority

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica F. Green
Keyword(s):  
Green Building ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Multilateral Environmental Agreements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Delegation Of Authority ◽  
Private Authority ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Treaty Implementation

This book examines the role of nonstate actors in global environmental politics, arguing that a fuller understanding of their role requires a new way of conceptualizing private authority. It identifies two distinct forms of private authority—one in which states delegate authority to private actors, and another in which entrepreneurial actors generate their own rules, persuading others to adopt them. Drawing on a wealth of empirical evidence spanning a century of environmental rule making, the book shows how the delegation of authority to private actors has played a small but consistent role in multilateral environmental agreements over the past fifty years, largely in the area of treaty implementation. This contrasts with entrepreneurial authority, where most private environmental rules have been created in the past two decades. The book traces how this dynamic and fast-growing form of private authority is becoming increasingly common in areas ranging from organic food to green building practices to sustainable tourism. It persuasively argues that the configuration of state preferences and the existing institutional landscape are paramount to explaining why private authority emerges and assumes the form that it does. In-depth cases on climate change provide evidence for the book's arguments. The book demonstrates that authority in world politics is diffused across multiple levels and diverse actors, and it offers a more complete picture of how private actors are helping to shape our response to today's most pressing environmental problems.

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