scholarly journals Actual Problems of Sustainable Development and their Solution in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Kochemasova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
The Past ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Economic Capacity

In the post-industrial period, which began in developed countries in the 1970s–1980s, the processes of globalization and competition in world markets came to the fore. As a result of the intensive development of industry and the growth of domestic consumption, many countries have largely exhausted the economic capacity of their territories. They are experiencing a shortage of raw materials. Over the past sixty years, the world’s leading countries have been implementing a socio-ecological and economic model of social development, which allows them to use financial, labour and natural resources rationally. Russia’s transition to sustainable development can give an additional impetus to the country’s socio-economic development. It also ensures breakthrough scientific and technological progress, increases the competitiveness of the national economy, creates other opportunities for more effective implementation of strategic planning documents and national projects.

scholarly journals Sustainable Development: Myth or Reality?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Prof. Vladimir Gorbanyov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Conditional Term ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Post Industrial

<p><em>The report “Our Common Future” gives a definition of sustainable development. </em></p><p><em>In principle, the idea of sustainable development is extremely humane and noble, and it has no alternative. But at the same time this idea in the modern world looks very unrealistic. This is more a slogan than a scientific concept. Sustainable development of our planet is a global process, it is an ideal, because our planet is a single balanced geoecological system. However, today theoretically sustainable development can be achieved only in a small number of highly developed post-industrial countries. In developing countries, unfortunately, there can be no question of sustainable development. In other words, at the global level, it is not possible to achieve sustainable development in the near future.</em></p><p><em>There can be no sustainable development in a single country. But this does not mean that all countries without exception do not need to implement environmental protection activity. On the contrary, it is necessary to carry out such activities everywhere. But this will not be sustainable development, this will be local measures for the rational use of nature. But all these measures are of a local nature, they will not become global, which means that this will not be a sustainable development.</em></p><p><em>However, the term “sustainable development” has gained wide popularity, is humane in nature, so it may remain, but we should remember that this is just a conditional term, and in fact it is a rational use of nature on a local level.</em></p><p><em>Examples of sustainable development strategies and projects in a number of countries are given. It is shown that most of these projects are in essence projects on rational nature use in individual regions. The other part which concerns global problems, can be implemented only by developed countries, they also cannot be sustainable development projects.</em></p>

scholarly journals Do Lenders Make Effective Regulators? An Assessment of the Equator Principles on Project Finance

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1525-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Sarro
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Project Finance ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Standards ◽  
Equator Principles ◽  
Private Actors

Over the past decade and a half, private sector actors have developed innumerable environmental and social standards whose stated intention is to further global public interests, such as sustainable development in less developed countries (LDCs). While some authors have welcomed these standards as a means of addressing transnational problems that governments are ill-equipped to deal with, others argue that these standards often amount to little more than a public relations exercise, with private actors producing high-minded standards on paper but failing to enforce them in practice.

scholarly journals The architectural design in time of crisis. A research of "roots" to support the development

2015 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Forlani
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Capacity Limit ◽  
Environment Capacity ◽  
Design Paradigm ◽  
Brundtland Report

<p>Vitruvius wrote the first treatise of Architecture and in it we find the fundamental recommendations for a good design. In the past 50 years it seems, instead, that each of these directions had been lost and there is today the need of promoting a new design paradigm that is attentive to nowadays criticalities and directed to sustainable development.<br />The term sustainability starts to configure the quality of human actions since the 80’s following reflections on the resources limit (raw materials and fossil fuels) and the environment capacity limit of absorbing emissions and waste.<br />The concept of sustainable development was elaborated in 1987 in the Brundtland report according to the need of distinguishing it from the concept of growth, that is to say with the goal of tending simultaneously toward the quality verification of programs in the environmental, social and economic dimensions.<br />All that invited the whole society to reconsider its "lifestyle" that, in the specific field of architecture, meant finding a new design approach geared to a lower consumption and greater caution and responsibility in the choices.<br />The configuration of a new design paradigm can trace their roots in the study of history and can proceed to evaluate the actions in a broad context of skills to ensure the quality of the products.</p>

scholarly journals Ewolucja przemysłu zaawansowanej technologii i sektora teleinformatycznego (ICT) w Finlandii

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Stachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
The Past ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy

The paper presents in a broad outline the main characteristics of the evolution of the Finnish high-tech industry and ICT sector within the context of general changes in industry and the national economy. In the last decades of the 20th century Finland dynamically developed a knowledge-based economy and became one of the leaders of the information society. A spectacular manifestation of this is the position of the country in global competitiveness rankings, where Finland has occupied a top position for several years, sometimes even being ahead of the United States. The so-called ‘Finnish model of information society’ is characterised, among others, by a significant growth in knowledge-intensive industries and a complex system of research and development support. However, all those changes were dependent on the previous development path of the country. The structure of Finnish industry was rather one-sided until the 1980s, when knowledge- and expertise-intensive production started to catch up with the level of manufacturing dominated by raw materials, capital and energy. For a long time, Finland specialised in the forest industry and in the processing of metals. A new sector that has developed during the past decades is electronics and, especially, the manufacturing of communication devices. Furthermore, the economy has changed more dramatically in Finland than in any other developed country over the same period of time. Industries have become technology-intensive and production is strongly characterised by specialisation. Finland has become the most specialised country in information and communication technology in the world, and this specialisation trend is continuing. The forest industry and other traditional industries rely more and more on the new technologies and state-of-the-art knowledge. In Finland, industrialisation started later than in other countries, but it was very rapid. Industrial production and exports grew faster than the rest of the economy in the 1990s, and the structure of exports diversified. Unlike other developed countries, Finland “re-industrialised” in the 1990s. The contribution of industry to the total volume of production and employment has been higher in Finland than in other advanced economies in the past couple of years.

scholarly journals Growth and non-regular employment

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Regular Employment ◽  
Search And Matching Model ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe share of non-regular employment has been increasing in many developed countries during the past two decades. The objective of this paper is to study a cause of the upward trend in non-regular employment by focusing on productivity growth. Data from Japan shows that the slowdown in productivity growth increases both unemployment and the proportion of non-regular workers to total employed workers. In order to study the impact of long-run productivity growth on unemployment and non-regular employment, I develop a search and matching model with disembodied technological progress and two types of jobs, regular and non-regular jobs. The numerical analysis demonstrates that the slowdown in productivity growth increases the share of non-regular employment and the unemployment rate, which is consistent with empirical facts.

Cooperative Management Regimes: Collaborative Problem-Solving to Implement Sustainable Development

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Collaborative Problem Solving ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Collaborative Problem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Innovative Management ◽  
Environmental Burdens

AbstractOver the past decade, there have been important changes in the way in which governments in developed countries have approached the management of environmental problems. Ideas of ``partnership,'' public-private cooperation, and negotiated solutions have increasingly come to the fore, as the persistence and complexity of certain types of environmental challenge have come to be appreciated. This essay focuses on a particular type of collaboration: where groups based in different social domains establish cooperative relationships focused around managing specific environmental burdens over time. After presenting an ideal-type description of such a practically focused and negotiation-centered approach to environmental governance, the argument moves on to consider potential advantages, but also possible difficulties, that may be associated with this innovative management strategy. It suggests that collaborative and problem-oriented approaches are likely to prove central to the effort to implement sustainable development.

scholarly journals Pelestarian Warisan Budaya Bahari: Daya Tarik Kapal Tradisional Sebagai Kapal Wisata

KALPATARU ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Roby Ardiwidjaja
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
International Commerce ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Maritime Culture ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Approach

Abstract. Indonesia, where 75% of its territory is covered by the sea, held a significant role both in local and international commerce in the past. Various historical evidences, shipwrecks, as well as the influence and the similarity of maritime culture with other countries reveal that Indonesian people held major role in global maritime culture at the time. However, the maritime culture and life nowadays slowly recedes due to economical factors, limited raw materials, and lack of technology. This paper aims to provide solutions for the problems through the alteration of traditional wooden boat into traditional cruise. The approach used in this research is sustainable development approach through the concept of marine tourism which focuses in making use of traditional boats for both native villagers and tourists to visit the natural and cultural attractions of marine people living in coastal areas and small islands. Hopefully, this article can inspire to support the government repositioning Indonesia maritime area as one of the global maritime axis, in addition to strengthen the efforts to preserve the maritime cultural heritage.Abstrak. Wilayah Indonesia memiliki luas wilayah kurang lebih 75% berupa laut, memiliki peran penting dalam arus lalu-lintas perdagangan lokal maupun antar negara di masa lalu. Adanya berbagai bukti sejarah, kapal tenggelam, serta pengaruh atau kesamaan budaya bahari dengan negara lain, menunjukkan bahwa bangsa Indonesia adalah bangsa bahari yang hidup di wilayah perairan sebagai poros pelayaran internasional kala itu. Permasalahannya adalah kehidupan akar budaya bahari masyarakat sekarang ini, yang salah satunya berupa aktivitas pelayaran kapal tradisional sebagai bukti budaya bahari, secara perlahan tapi pasti mulai menghilang akibat faktor ekonomi, bahan baku, dan teknologi. Tulisan ini bertujuan memberikan alternatif pemecahan masalah pelestarian budaya bahari bangsa melalui pemanfaatan potensi kapal kayu tradisional sebagai kapal wisata tradisional (traditional cruise). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan pembangunan berkelanjutan melalui konsep pariwisata bahari dengan fokus pada pemanfaatan kapal tradisional yang tidak saja memberi kemudahan angkutan masyarakat antar pulau, tetapi juga kemudahan kepada wisatawan untuk mengunjungi keanekaragaman alam dan kehidupan keseharian akar budaya bahari masyarakat di kawasan pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil. Diharapkan tulisan ini dapat menjadi inspirasi dalam mendukung pemerintah memposisikan kembali wilayah perairan Indonesia sebagai poros pelayaran internasional (poros maritim dunia), sekaligus memperkuat upaya pelestarian budaya bahari bangsa.

METHODOLOGY FOR RANKING OLD INDUSTRIAL REGIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SECURITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-64
Author(s):  
Mykola Biloshkurskyi ◽  
◽  
Maksym Slatvinskyi ◽  
Tetiana Korniienko ◽  
Roman Shchur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Industrial Markets ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Old Industrial Regions

The problem of monitoring the current state of security of sustainable development of old industrial regions of Ukraine lies in the need for structural modernisation of the industrial sector, i.e. the transition from extensive exploitation of the resource potential of industrially developed areas in the past to intensive production based on technological progress. The term “old industrial region” should be understood to mean a territory that was once industrially developed but is now in decline or in decline due to a lack of capacity or the unwillingness of industry owners to invest in the modernisation of production facilities, a significant lag in the applied production technology from the modern news, a lack of adaptability to the sustainable changes in industrial markets, etc.

scholarly journals Strengthening the ecological security of Poland on the example of initiatives limiting the phenomenon of smog

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Michał Czuba
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
The Government ◽  
Intensive Development

Humans and their existence depend on the natural system. Maintaining balance in this system requires proper management of natural resources and taking actions aimed at limiting and preventing negative effects of the economic activity as well as rational use of natural resources available in a given time. The effects of the intensive development of the economy with the uncontrolled use of natural resources were felt by developed countries already in the first, and much stronger in the second half of the 20th century. One of them is air pollution contributing to the formation of smog. This problem is so important in Polish conditionsthat measures are taken by the government and its authorities to limit the effects and scope of this phenomenon. These activities serve to increase the ecological security. Over the past dozen or so years, there has been a significant evolution of environmental policy in Poland, new regulations have been created in the field of environmental law. The paper analyzes the issues of Poland’s environmental policy up to 2030 and the “Clean Air” program implemented under this policy. It also attempts to indicate the positive social effects resulting from its implementation.

scholarly journals The Quest for a Better World

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (12) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Henry Petroski
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Made In

This article highlights the pervasiveness of the products and processes of engineering in having improved the quality of life in the developed countries of the world. The airplane and its associated infrastructure of airports and ticketing schemes have come a long way since the Wright Brothers’ first flight in 1903, and the ensemble that goes under the rubric ‘airplane’ certainly warrants recognition as achievement. All the engineering achievements that have been identified as among the greatest of the past century leave room for improvement. Air conditioning and refrigeration are among the more domestic achievements of 20th century engineering, but at exactly what stage they became so is hard to say. Refrigerators especially came a long way in the second half of the century. Well-controlled air conditioning, for all the technological progress made in the field since air was fanned over a block of ice, seems to remain one of the great open problems of mechanical engineering. All achievements, engineering and otherwise, are relative to their time and circumstances.

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