Anger in Pathological Gambling: Clinical, Psychopathological, and Personality Correlates

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neus Aymamí ◽  
Roser Granero ◽  
Eva Penelo ◽  
Fernando Fernández-Aranda ◽  
Isabel Krug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Diagnostic Condition

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the association between pathological gambling (PG) and anger by assessing whether psychopathology and personality are related to PG and to evaluate gender differences. The sample comprised 71 PGs and 37 healthy controls. Anger, psychopathology and personality were assessed with the STAXI-2, SCL-90-R and TCI-R respectively. Gender did not affect anger expression after stratifying by diagnostic condition (p > .05). Among PG patients, anger, psychopathology and personality measures were correlated with good effect-size (r > .30). Scores in the Anger Temperament (B = 0.21, p = .038) and Anger External-Expression (B = 0.27, p = .029) scales were positively associated with PG severity scores. Anger expression in PG should be considered in future treatment programs.

Male and Female Pathological Gamblers: Bet in a Different Way and Show Different Mental Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominica Díez ◽  
Núria Aragay ◽  
Mercè Soms ◽  
Gemma Prat ◽  
Miquel Casas
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Main Type ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Slot Machines ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pathological Gamblers

AbstractAlthough in the last years several studies comparing male and female pathological gamblers have been published, most of them have been carried out using only samples of males. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in a sample of subjects diagnosed with pathological gambling (PG) attending three specialized outpatient units. Retrospective study was carried out of 96 patients (49% female and 51% male), comparing the main socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioral data. Most subjects (94%) met the criteria for pathological gambling. No significant differences between sexes were found in the severity of gambling behavior or the socio-demographic variables studied. Whereas slot machines were the main type of game for most subjects, a higher percentage of women were addicted to bingo (χ2(1, 4)= 5.19,p =.029 Cohen’sd= 0.48) and had more than one type of game as a secondary addiction χ2(1, 4)= 7.63,p =.006; Cohen’sd =0.59) . Women started gambling at a later age than men (t(94)= 2.95,p= .004; Cohen’sd =0.60), but developed a pattern of addiction faster (t(94)= 2.95,p= .004; Cohen’sd =–0.61) . Women also had higher comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders (χ2(1)= 7.28,p =.007; Cohen’sd =0.57), specifically with affective (χ2(1)= 11.31,p =.001; Cohen’sd =0.73) and personality disorders (χ2(1)= 4.71,p =.030; Cohen’sd =0.45). Our results indicate the existence of differences between women and men in the pattern of gambling behavior and in psychiatric comorbidity. These aspects should be considered in the design of treatment programs for pathological gamblers.

scholarly journals Utility of manual fractional anisotropy measurements in the management of patients with Parkinson disease: a feasibility study with a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging system

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 205846012199347
Author(s):  
Romulo V de Oliveira ◽  
João S Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging System ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Severity Scores

Background Diffusion tensor imaging has emerged as a promising tool for quantitative analysis of neuronal damage in Parkinson disease, with potential value for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation. Purpose The aim of this study was to examine Parkinson disease-associated alterations in specific brain regions revealed by diffusion tensor imaging and how such alterations correlate with clinical variables. Material and Methods Diffusion tensor imaging was performed on 42 Parkinson disease patients and 20 healthy controls with a 1.5-T scanner. Manual fractional anisotropy measurements were performed for the ventral, intermediate, and dorsal portions of the substantia nigra, as well as for the cerebral peduncles, putamen, thalamus, and supplementary motor area. The correlation analysis between these measurements and the clinical variables was performed using χ2 variance and multiple linear regression. Results Compared to healthy controls, Parkinson disease patients had significantly reduced fractional anisotropy values in the substantia nigra ( P < .05). Some fractional anisotropy measurements in the substantia nigra correlated inversely with duration of Parkinson disease and Parkinson disease severity scores. Reduced fractional anisotropy values in the substantia nigra were also correlated inversely with age variable. fractional anisotropy values obtained for the right and left putamen varied significantly between males and females in both groups. Conclusion Manual fractional anisotropy measurements in the substantia nigra were confirmed to be feasible with a 1.5-T scanner. Diffusion tensor imaging data can be used as a reliable biomarker of Parkinson disease that can be used to support diagnosis, prognosis, and progression/treatment monitoring.

scholarly journals Gender differences in recovery consequences among heroin dependent patients after compulsory treatment programs

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Haifeng ◽  
Liang Di ◽  
Du Jiang ◽  
Sun Haiming ◽  
Chen Zhikang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Compulsory Treatment

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Among Community-Dwelling Mexican Americans Aged 80 and Older

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 153331752110429
Author(s):  
Sadaf Arefi Milani ◽  
Phillip A Cantu ◽  
Abbey B. Berenson ◽  
Yong-Fang Kuo ◽  
Kyriakos S. Markides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Design And Methods

Background and Objectives To assess gender differences in prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) among community-dwelling Mexican Americans ≥80 years. Research Design and Methods: Using data from Wave 7 (2010–2011) of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly, we analyzed the NPS of 914 participants as determined by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) with assessments conducted by their caregivers. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test the association of individual NPS with gender, adjusting for relevant characteristics. Results: The average age of our sample was 86.1 years, and 65.3% were women. Over 60% of participants had at least one informant/caregiver reported NPS. After adjustment, women had lower odds than men of agitation/aggression but higher odds of dysphoria/depression and anxiety. Discussion: Recognizing gender differences in NPS phenotype could help guide development of culturally appropriate NPS screening and treatment programs.

scholarly journals Gender differences in comorbid disorders among offenders in prison substance abuse treatment programs

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caron Zlotnick ◽  
Jennifer G. Clarke ◽  
Peter D. Friedmann ◽  
Mary B. Roberts ◽  
Stanley Sacks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Abuse Treatment ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Comorbid Disorders ◽  
Abuse Treatment

Abstract 3321: Gender Impacts Capillary Density and Skeletal Muscle Composition in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
William S Jones ◽  
Brian D Duscha ◽  
Jennifer L Robbins ◽  
Amy J Aldrich ◽  
Judy G Regensteiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Muscle Composition ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Background : Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a disorder characterized by impaired blood flow to the legs and maladaptive changes in the skeletal muscle. It is generally accepted that the skeletal muscle characteristics in patients with PAD include decreased capillary density and an altered percentage of oxidative myofibers. The scientific literature is conflicting, and it is based on studies with small sample size and older methodologies of skeletal muscle analysis. In addition, women are under-represented or not included at all in these studies. Hypothesis : We hypothesized that there would be differences in skeletal muscle composition in PAD patients compared to healthy controls. We further hypothesized that there would be gender differences in skeletal muscle composition in PAD patients versus healthy controls. Methods : Thirty -one patients with PAD and 31 age-, gender-, and activity-matched healthy controls underwent gastrocnemius muscle biopsy. Capillary density analysis and muscle fiber type determination were performed using immunohistochemistry techniques. Capillary density was measured as endothelial cells per muscle fiber and endothelial cells per area (mm 2 ). Results : There was no significant difference in capillary density in patients with PAD versus healthy controls when measured as endothelial cells per fiber (mean = 1.45 ± 0.43 vs. 1.50 ± 0.35, NS) or area (mean = 1.20 ± 0.29 vs. 1.29 ± 0.33, NS). There was also no difference in muscle fiber type composition between the groups. In the PAD cohort, capillary density was significantly lower in the men versus the women (mean = 1.36 ± 0.35 vs. 1.59 ± 0.51, p=0.005). In our cohort of women, there was no difference in capillary density in patients with PAD versus healthy controls (N=12). In men, capillary density was significantly lower in the PAD group versus healthy controls (N=19, mean = 1.09 ± 0.20 vs. 1.28 ± 0.34, p=0.043). Conclusions : Our data fail to confirm the belief that patients with PAD have a decreased capillary density and an altered percentage of oxidative myofibers. However, we did find that gender has an important impact on these characteristics. Further study of skeletal muscle composition in PAD may help to better understand the functional relevance of the gender differences.

scholarly journals Serum developmental endothelial locus-1 is associated with severity of sepsis in animals and humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Young Kim ◽  
Seung-Hwan Lee ◽  
Dong-Young Kim ◽  
Hyun Jin Ryu ◽  
Gyu Rak Chon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cecal Ligation And Puncture ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock

Abstract Disruption of the endothelial glycocalyx has a prominent role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) is an endothelial-derived anti-inflammatory factor. We hypothesized that degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx during sepsis may increase serum Del-1. A mouse model of sepsis was created using cecal ligation and puncture. In septic mice, the endothelial glycocalyx was nearly completely degraded, with less formation of Del-1 in the endothelium and extracellular matrix than in control mice. Serum Del-1 levels were significantly increased in the septic mice with increasing severity of sepsis. Serum Del-1 levels were also measured in 84 patients with sepsis and septic shock and in 20 control subjects. The median serum Del-1 level in patients with sepsis was significantly higher than that in healthy controls. The high Del-1 group had higher illness severity scores and contained more patients with organ dysfunction than the low Del-1 group. The 90-day mortality rate was significantly higher in the high Del-1 group than in the low Del-1 group. Multivariate analysis indicated a tendency for a high serum Del-1 level to be associated with a higher mortality risk. Increased serum Del-1 may be a novel diagnostic biomarker of sepsis and an indicator of disease severity.

Work Stress, Coping, and Gender

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Robert J. Kirkby ◽  
Jenifer Skues
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Research Resources

Women constitute an increasingly large segment of the paid workforce. Nevertheless, investigators of work stress have focused predominantly on men and, largely, have ignored possible gender differences. This has led to findings, based on the study of male workers, being incorrectly applied to females. Further, the limited amount of research into work stress and coping that has been published has been vulnerable to criticisms. An analysis of research in this area suggested that gender moderates work stress in three ways: men and women are vulnerable to different stressors relating to work; they utilise different coping strategies to cope with these stressors, and they vary in their perceptions of the resources that they have available to help them to cope. It is important to direct research resources to further investigation of gender differences in these three dimensions. Such research is necessary for the development of effective preventative and treatment programs for occupational stress.

scholarly journals 138 Efficacy and Safety of SEP-363856, a Novel Psychotropic Agent with a Non-D2 Mechanism of Action, in the Treatment of Schizophrenia

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-288
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Koblan ◽  
Seth Hopkins ◽  
Justine Kent ◽  
Hailong Cheng ◽  
Robert Goldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Subscale Score ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Meaningful Improvement ◽  
Psychotropic Agent ◽  
Severity Scores

Abstract:Background:SEP-363856 is a novel psychotropic agent that has shown broad efficacy in animal models of schizophrenia and depression. Its antipsychotic effects appear to be mediated by agonist activity at both trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and 5-HT1A receptors. Notably, SEP-363856 does not bind to any dopaminergic, serotonergic (except 5-HT1A), glutamatergic, or other neuroreceptors thought to mediate the effects of currently available antipsychotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SEP-363856 in acutely symptomatic patients with schizophrenia.Method:Patients aged 18-40 years meeting DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia (PANSS total score ≥80) were randomized, double-blind, to 4-weeks of flexible-dose SEP-363856 (50 or 75 mg/d) or placebo. Efficacy measures included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score (primary), PANSS subscale scores, and the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) score. Change from baseline in primary and secondary measures were analyzed using a mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis.Results:Study treatment groups were similar at baseline: SEP-363856 (N=120; male, 64.2%; mean age, 30.0 years; PANSS total score, 101.4) and placebo (N=125; male, 63.2%; mean age, 30.6 years; PANSS total score, 99.7). Least-squares (LS) mean reduction from baseline to week 4 was significantly greater for SEP-363856 vs. placebo on the PANSS total score (-17.2 vs. -9.7; P=0.001; effect size, 0.45), PANSS positive subscale score (-5.5 vs. -3.9; P=0.019; effect size, 0.32), PANSS negative subscale score (-3.1 vs. -1.6; P=0.008; effect size, 0.37), PANSS general psychopathology subscale score (-9.0 vs. -4.7; P<0.001; effect size, 0.51), and the CGI-Severity score (-1.0 vs. -0.5; P<0.001; effect size, 0.52). Discontinuation rates for SEP-363856 vs. placebo were similar overall (21.7% vs. 20.8%) and due to an adverse event (8.3% vs. 6.4%). Change in weight, lipids, glucose and prolactin was similar in SEP-363856 and placebo groups. Adverse events occurring with an incidence ≥2% on SEP-363856 or placebo (with SEP-363856 incidence higher than placebo) were: somnolence (6.7% vs. 4.8%), agitation (5.0% vs. 4.8%), nausea (5.0% vs. 3.2%), diarrhea (2.5% vs. 0.8%), and dyspepsia (2.5% vs. 0%). The proportion of patients who reported any extrapyramidal symptom was 3.3% on SEP-363856 and 3.2% on placebo.Conclusion:In this placebo-controlled study, treatment with SEP-363856, a novel psychotropic agent, was associated with statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in schizophrenia symptoms as demonstrated by endpoint change in PANSS total and subscale scores, and CGI-Severity scores. Safety and tolerability findings for SEP-363856 were in general similar to placebo. In particular, SEP-363856 was not associated with extrapyramidal symptoms, akathisia, or hyperprolactinemia, consistent with its non-D2 mechanism of action.ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02969382Funding Acknowledgements:Supported by funding from Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.

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