Male and Female Pathological Gamblers: Bet in a Different Way and Show Different Mental Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominica Díez ◽  
Núria Aragay ◽  
Mercè Soms ◽  
Gemma Prat ◽  
Miquel Casas
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Main Type ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Slot Machines ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pathological Gamblers

AbstractAlthough in the last years several studies comparing male and female pathological gamblers have been published, most of them have been carried out using only samples of males. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in a sample of subjects diagnosed with pathological gambling (PG) attending three specialized outpatient units. Retrospective study was carried out of 96 patients (49% female and 51% male), comparing the main socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioral data. Most subjects (94%) met the criteria for pathological gambling. No significant differences between sexes were found in the severity of gambling behavior or the socio-demographic variables studied. Whereas slot machines were the main type of game for most subjects, a higher percentage of women were addicted to bingo (χ2(1, 4)= 5.19,p =.029 Cohen’sd= 0.48) and had more than one type of game as a secondary addiction χ2(1, 4)= 7.63,p =.006; Cohen’sd =0.59) . Women started gambling at a later age than men (t(94)= 2.95,p= .004; Cohen’sd =0.60), but developed a pattern of addiction faster (t(94)= 2.95,p= .004; Cohen’sd =–0.61) . Women also had higher comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders (χ2(1)= 7.28,p =.007; Cohen’sd =0.57), specifically with affective (χ2(1)= 11.31,p =.001; Cohen’sd =0.73) and personality disorders (χ2(1)= 4.71,p =.030; Cohen’sd =0.45). Our results indicate the existence of differences between women and men in the pattern of gambling behavior and in psychiatric comorbidity. These aspects should be considered in the design of treatment programs for pathological gamblers.

Pathological Gambling in Spanish Children and Adolescents: An Emerging Problem

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisardo Becoña
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Children ◽  
Slot Machines ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Representative Samples

Several studies have shown a high prevalence of pathological gamblers among adults in Spain (between 1.5% and 1.7%) of the population (18 years and older). In other countries the prevalence of pathological gambling in children and adolescents has been higher than in adults. Here some results of the first studies conducted in Spain concerning the prevalence of pathological gambling in school children and adolescents (11–16 years) are presented for two cities located in different northern regions of Spain, A Coruña (Galicia) and Gijón (Asturias), with representative samples of school children. The prevalence was 2.2% ( n = 1,200) and 1.6% ( n = 2,185), respectively, for the use of slot machines, using the 1993 DSM-IVJ Questionnaire of Fisher, and 2.4% in the first city with the South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised Adolescent for all types of gambling. The analyses suggest there is an emerging problem among children and adolescents in Spain perhaps leading to an increased number of pathological gamblers as adults.

Epidemiology and Phenomenology of Pathological Gambling

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Clark
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Biopsychosocial Theory ◽  
Categorical Models

Pathological gambling is an impulse control disorder (ICD) characterized by loss of control over gambling behavior. This chapter will describe the illness profile of pathological gambling. As well as summarizing the epidemiological data on the prevalence of pathological gambling and its associated comorbidities, I will also consider (1) the classificatory overlap between pathological gambling, the substance use disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder; (2) the emerging evidence for dimensional rather than categorical models of disordered gambling; and (3) some of the sources of hererogeneity among pathological gamblers, including the differences between common games. In the second part of the chapter, I will review several sets of psychological and neurobiological factors that are implicated in the etiology of pathological gambling, including the role of physiological arousal (“excitement”), conditioning influences, cognitive distortions, personality trait variables, and neuropsychological and neuroimaging markers. These mechanisms are often complementary, and a biopsychosocial theory of gambling will incorporate multiple levels of explanation.

Impulsivity and self-esteem in pathological gambling: What is the link?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S394-S394
Author(s):  
G. Rogier ◽  
P. Velotti
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionIn empirical literature, impulsivity is identified as a core feature of gambling addiction. Furthermore, pathological gamblers are prone to have a poor self-esteem. Previous researches studied the link between impulsivity and self-esteem bringing contrasting results. However, relationships between such constructs among pathological gamblers have not been investigated.ObjectivesWe sought to explore the associations among pathological gambling, self-esteem and different facets of impulsivity comparing a clinical sample of pathological gamblers with community participants.AimsTo highlight patterns of associations between self-esteem and impulsiveness in pathological gambling.MethodsA sample of pathological gamblers and a sample of healthy men, were administered the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES).ResultsAs expected, levels of impulsivity were significantly higher in the clinical sample while levels of self-esteem were significantly lower. A significant and negative correlation between impulsivity and self-esteem was found among pathological gamblers. Different patterns of associations were found between self-esteem and dimensions of impulsivity.ConclusionsCoherently with others results, our study confirmed that pathological gamblers showed high impulsivity and low self-esteem. The peculiars patterns of associations between impulsivity and self-esteem could be informative to tailor treatment programs for pathological gamblers.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Anger in Pathological Gambling: Clinical, Psychopathological, and Personality Correlates

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neus Aymamí ◽  
Roser Granero ◽  
Eva Penelo ◽  
Fernando Fernández-Aranda ◽  
Isabel Krug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Diagnostic Condition

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the association between pathological gambling (PG) and anger by assessing whether psychopathology and personality are related to PG and to evaluate gender differences. The sample comprised 71 PGs and 37 healthy controls. Anger, psychopathology and personality were assessed with the STAXI-2, SCL-90-R and TCI-R respectively. Gender did not affect anger expression after stratifying by diagnostic condition (p > .05). Among PG patients, anger, psychopathology and personality measures were correlated with good effect-size (r > .30). Scores in the Anger Temperament (B = 0.21, p = .038) and Anger External-Expression (B = 0.27, p = .029) scales were positively associated with PG severity scores. Anger expression in PG should be considered in future treatment programs.

Assessment of Pathological Gamblers Who Use Slot Machines

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. González-Ibáñez ◽  
M. N. Aymamí ◽  
S. Jiménez ◽  
J. M. Domenech ◽  
R. Granero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Interpersonal Sensitivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slot Machines ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Phobic Anxiety ◽  
Cluster 2

The aim of the present study was to classify pathological gamblers based on their psychopathology as related to the variable sensation-seeking, and to check possible differences between the groups on the sociodemographic variables. The sample was composed of 110 male pathological gamblers using slot machines who requested treatment at the Pathological Gambling Unit at the Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge. It was observed that pathological gamblers comprise three clusters, differentiated with differing severity depression, psychoticism, somatization, impulsiveness, interpersonal sensitivity, and phobic anxiety. Cluster 1, representing 46.7% of the sample, showed mean scores higher than or equal to T = 63. On the subscales of Depression, Psychoticism, Interpersonal Sensidvity, Phobic Anxiety, and Obsessiveness–Compulsiveness the score was close to T = 63 (the clinical cut-off score). Cluster 2, representing 23.8% of the sample, scored higher than Cluster 1 on the following subscales: Depression, Phobic Anxiety, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Psychoticism, Obsessive–Compulsive, and Somatization. On Cluster 3 highest mean scores were observed on all SCL-90-R dimensions relative to the other two groups. What distinguished these subgroups is not symptomatology but the severity of the psychopathology. On the other hand, sensation seeking was similar for the three clusters, and the slight differences depended on the subjects' psychopathology.

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Neil Crockford ◽  
Nady el-Guebaly
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Pathological Gamblers

Objective: To critically review the current literature on pathological gambling as regards the significant psychiatric comorbidities associated with it. Method: The authors synthesized information found via electronic searches (MEDLINE) and bibliographic-directed searches in over 60 publications. Results: Pathological gamblers frequently have comorbid substance use disorders. In addition, a subset appear to have comorbid antisocial personality disorder, but they represent a minority when compared with those people who have acquired their antisocial traits as a consequence of their gambling behaviour. A comorbidity with the mood disorders is probable, but methodological concerns and inconsistencies with the data prevent further delineation of this. Emerging research for other disorders possibly associated with pathological gambling is also reviewed. Conclusion: Pathological gambling is associated with significant psychiatric comorbidity. Recommendations for future research are described.

Comorbidity, family history and personality traits in pathological gamblers compared with healthy controls

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mann ◽  
T. Lemenager ◽  
E. Zois ◽  
S. Hoffmann ◽  
H. Nakovics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
History Of

AbstractBackgroundWhile DSM-5 classified pathological gambling as an addictive disorder, there is debate as to whether ICD-11 should follow suit. The debate hinges on scientific evidence such as neurobiological findings, family history of psychiatric disorders, psychiatric comorbidity, and personality variables.MethodsIn the “Baden-Württemberg Study of Pathological Gambling”, we compared a group of 515 male pathological gamblers receiving treatment with 269 matched healthy controls. We studied differences in sociodemographic characteristics, gambling-related variables, psychiatric comorbidity (lifetime), family history of psychiatric conditions, as well as personality traits such as impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), sensation seeking (Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale) and the NEO-FFI big five. Personality traits were validated in an age- and ethnicity-matched subsample of “pure” gamblers without any psychiatric comorbidity (including nicotine dependence). Data were analyzed using two-sample t-tests, Chi2 analyses, Fisher's exact test and Pearson correlation analysis, as appropriate. Bonferroni correction was applied to correct for multiple comparisons.ResultsOnly 1% of the gamblers had been diagnosed with an impulse control disorder other than gambling (ICD-10). Notably, 88% of the gamblers in our sample had a comorbid diagnosis of substance dependence. The highest axis I comorbidity rate was for nicotine dependence (80%), followed by alcohol dependence (28%). Early age of first gambling experience was correlated with gambling severity. Compared to first-degree relatives of controls, first-degree relatives of pathological gamblers were more likely to suffer from alcohol dependence (27.0% vs. 7.4%), pathological gambling (8.3% vs. 0.7%) and suicide attempts (2.7% vs. 0.4%). Significant group differences were observed for the NEO-FFI factors neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness. Gamblers were also more impulsive than controls, but did not differ from controls in terms of sensation seeking.ConclusionsOur findings support classifying pathological gambling as a behavioural addiction in the ICD-11. This decision will have a significant impact on the approaches available for prevention (e.g. age limits) and treatment.

Gender differences in male- and female-dominated occupations among two age cohorts of the lidA study

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 (08/09) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Kretschmer ◽  
JB du Prel ◽  
R Peter ◽  
S Tophoven
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Age Cohorts

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN READING PREFERENCE: EVIDENCE FROM A MOBILE PHONE PLATFORM

Mousaion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Kelly De Villiers ◽  
Johann Louw ◽  
Colin Tredoux
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
South African ◽  
The Self ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reading Preference ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Poor Communities

Two studies were conducted to investigate gender differences in a sample of young South African readers from poor communities. In the first study, the self-reported reading preferences of 2 775 readers on a mobile phone platform supplied by the FunDza Literacy Trust were surveyed. Both male and female readers indicated that they liked four genres in particular: romance, drama, non- fiction, and stories with specific South African content. There were nevertheless some differences, such as that a higher percentage of males liked stories involving sport. The second study examined the unique FunDza site visits made by readers, as a proxy measure of what they actually were reading. Four genres stood out: romance, drama, biography, and action/adventure. Again the similarity between male and female readers was noticeable, although many more females than males read content on the site.

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