Perceived Discrimination and Emotional Reactions in People with Different Types of Disabilities: A Qualitative Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Pérez-Garín ◽  
Patricia Recio ◽  
Alejandro Magallares ◽  
Fernando Molero ◽  
Cristina García-Ael
Keyword(s):  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Different Types ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to assess the discourse of people with disabilities regarding their perception of discrimination and stigma. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten adults with physical disabilities, ten with hearing impairments and seven with visual impairments. The agreement between the coders showed an excellent reliability for all three groups, with kappa coefficients between .82 and .96. Differences were assessed between the three groups regarding the types of discrimination they experienced and their most frequent emotional responses. People with physical disabilities mainly reported being stared at, undervalued, and subtly discriminated at work, whereas people with hearing impairments mainly reported encountering barriers in leisure activities, and people with visual impairments spoke of a lack of equal opportunities, mockery and/or bullying, and overprotection. Regarding their emotional reactions, people with physical disabilities mainly reported feeling anxious and depressed, whereas people with hearing impairments reported feeling helpless, and people with visual impairments reported feeling anger and self-pity. Findings are relevant to guide future research and interventions on the stigma of disability.

scholarly journals Co-creation of services: an online network perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reihaneh Bidar ◽  
Alistair Barros ◽  
Jason Watson
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
Online Networks ◽  
Environmental Stimuli ◽  
Value Perception ◽  
Value Perceptions ◽  
Different Types

PurposeIn the co-creation process from a network perspective, service is produced, designed, and evaluated entirely by the actors with dynamic roles and with less participation by the firm's employees in the service process. The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical model that represents environmental stimuli and value perceptions that contribute to service co-creation behaviour in an online network.Design/methodology/approachA total of 36 semi-structured interviews were conducted with members of two online programming communities – GitHub and Stack Overflow co-creators, with the data analysed using thematic analysis. The stimulus-organism-response model guided the development of the final model.FindingsSocial influence and trust are influential in actor value perceptions, including primary and network value, the interplay of which leads actors to co-production, supportive, and administrative behaviour. Environmental factors do not directly drive actors; rather it is the value that initiates and drives actors, which, by extension, initiates and drives the co-creation of services.Research limitations/implicationsThe service co-creation behaviour model provides a basis for future research in the co-creation and co-destruction context to model behaviours within the online network organisation setting and thereby enable improvement of such systems. This model can be operationalised in a network environment through design features.Originality/valueThis paper provides a rich understanding of environmental stimuli and value perception factors that contribute to the co-creation of services, and identifies different types of behaviours in dynamic online networks. This paper presents a new model of different types of behaviours emerging from actor participation in the co-creation process.

The role of mobile devices in 21st-century family communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L. Storch ◽  
Anna V. Ortiz Juarez-Paz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Family Communication ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
The Past

Use of media devices has evolved over the past 10–15 years and the resulting effects on family communication are of interest for this study. Through 26 semi-structured interviews, the authors sought to understand the role mobile devices play in family communication. Qualitative grounded theory analysis was used to find themes and interpret results (Creswell, 2013). One overarching paradoxical theme emerged from these data, family connect–family disconnect. In family connect, categories of across distance, reassurances, and boundaries are shared. Within family disconnect, distractions, misunderstandings, and negative emotional responses are conveyed. Future research avenues recommended are decision making related to mobile devices based on values and morals, in-depth social media and app usage, emoji emotional responses, individuals under 18 and between 18 and 30 years old, and a network analysis of one extended family.

Accessibility of Tourist Attractions to People With Mobility Impairments and People with Visual Impairments in the Town of Jihlava

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Alice Sediva Neckarova
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Mobility Impairments ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Town

The paper deals with the topic of making tourist attractions in the regional centre Jihlava accessible to the needs of a specific customer segments – people with physical disabilities, namely wheelchair users and people with visual impairments. This is a relevant topic with both economic and non-economic angle and, at the same time, one that is not sufficiently looked into. In the future the number of visitors with disabilities can be expected to increase, being for the given segment of clients adequately prepared may in fact prove to be a competitive advantage

scholarly journals Coping with peer aggression and bullying: Antecedents, processes, and outcomes.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon C. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Peer Aggression ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Coping Process ◽  
Challenge Control ◽  
Different Types

Conflicting results from published school-based anti-bullying initiatives have prompted psychologists to suggest that advances in tackling bullying will rely upon developing a greater understanding of the psychological processes underpinning bullying behaviour. This thesis aimed to address this issue by attempting to clarify the coping processes engaged in by pupils experiencing peer aggression or bullying. In order to achieve this aim, pupils’ use of coping strategies was examined within a transactional coping framework, where coping was conceptualised as a dynamic interaction between the person and their environment. Participants were 837 pupils (318 P5s, 306 S1s, 213 S2s; 48.4% male) attending mainstream Primary and Secondary schools in Scotland. Pupils completed a range of measures, at five different points in time, over a period of approximately 18 months. Variables measured at more than one data point included victimisation, appraisals (threat, challenge, control), coping strategy use, and psychological well-being (depression, self-esteem). Variables measured once included sociometric status of P5 pupils, self-efficacy of S1 and S2 pupils, bullying behaviour and emotional reaction to peer aggression.Five separate studies are reported, each focusing on a different aspect of the coping process: the stability and persistence of bullying; how pupils cope with different types of bullying; how pupils’ appraisals, emotions and coping strategies are related; the self-efficacy and hostile attribution biases of pupils involved in bully-victim problems; and the efficacy of coping strategies for maintaining psychological well-being and preventing subsequent bullying. Findings support the utility of the transactional coping model for examining coping among bullied pupils, and highlight the need to incorporate appraisals of, and emotional reactions to, bullying when researching coping responses. Furthermore, results indicate that different types of bullying are coped with in different ways, and that a “vicious circle” may operate where by victimisation leads to further victimisation. Such findings are discussed in relation to their potential impact upon future intervention strategies, while suggestions for future research examining pupils’ coping strategies are also considered.

Living with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Children's Experiences of Participating in Home Exercise Programmes

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel De Monte ◽  
Sylvia Rodger ◽  
Fiona Jones ◽  
Sarah Broderick
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Children’S Perspectives ◽  
Exercise Programmes ◽  
Time Required

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is used to describe the different subgroups of arthritis in children. JIA is the most common chronic rheumatic condition in children. The long-term consequences are not limited to physical disabilities but also have an impact on the child's social, emotional and cognitive development. Home exercise programmes are a major part of the complex treatment regimen for JIA. Research to date is limited in providing insights into children's perspectives about JIA. This paper describes a qualitative study undertaken to identify children's perceptions about their participation in home exercise programmes. Using semi-structured interviews, the perspectives of 13 children (aged 8–16 years) about their experiences of living with JIA and specifically about participating in therapist-prescribed exercise programmes were investigated. Two major themes highlighted the pervasive impact of JIA on the children's lives. First, the children described living with JIA and associated feelings of ‘being different’. Secondly, they discussed their understanding of home exercise programmes and the barriers and facilitators to participation. Key barriers were having better things to do, time required, laziness, boredom, forgetfulness and pain. Facilitators included the incorporation of exercises into everyday routines, making them fun and having rewards. Clinical implications and avenues for future research are also outlined.

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Well-Being of Adults with Physical Disabilities and/or Chronic Diseases during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6342
Author(s):  
Diederik R. de Boer ◽  
Femke Hoekstra ◽  
Kimberley I. M. Huetink ◽  
Trynke Hoekstra ◽  
Leonie A. Krops ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Almost All ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities

Background: People with physical disabilities and/or chronic diseases report lower levels of physical activity and well-being than the general population, which potentially is exacerbated through the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored the international literature on physical activity, sedentary behavior and well-being in adults with physical disabilities and/or chronic diseases during the first wave of the pandemic. Method: In a rapid review, we included studies reporting on physical activity, sedentary behavior and/or well-being in adults with physical disabilities and/or chronic diseases. Four databases (Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Embase) were searched for studies published until 30 September 2020. Results: We included twenty-nine studies involving eleven different types of disabilities or health conditions from twenty-one different countries. Twenty-six studies reported on physical activity, of which one reported an increase during the COVID-19 pandemic, four studies reported no difference, and twenty-one studies reported a decrease. Thirteen studies reported a decline in well-being. Only one study measured sedentary behavior, reporting an increase. Conclusion: Despite the variety in methods used, almost all studies reported negative impacts on physical activity and well-being in people with physical disabilities and/or chronic disease during the first wave of the pandemic. These findings highlight the importance of supporting this population, especially in times of crisis.

scholarly journals A Mobile App to Promote Adapted Exercise and Social Networking for People With Physical Disabilities: Usability Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron Lai ◽  
Jereme Wilroy ◽  
Hui-Ju Young ◽  
Jennifer Howell ◽  
James H. Rimmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Operation Speed ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities

BACKGROUND People with physical disabilities (PWD) experience several unique challenges that prevent them from participating in onsite exercise programs. Although mobile apps can provide a ubiquitous channel for delivering convenient exercise services within the community, no exercise apps have been designed for people with disabilities who experience certain functional limitations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the usability of a mobile exercise app in PWD. METHODS A sequential explanatory mixed-method design was used to holistically test usability in 4 core areas: effectiveness (ie, ease of use), efficiency (ie, operation speed), perceived satisfaction, and usefulness. Participants completed 7 face-to-face usability tasks and 1 structured interview. Equipment included a computer tablet that came preinstalled with the exercise app. The app included exercise videos that focused on several components of fitness: aerobic capacity, muscular strength, functional strength or balance, and range of motion. The app contained 3 different versions of the exercise program: (1) a program for people with the ability to use the upper and lower limbs, (2) a seated program for people with the ability to use only upper limbs, and (3) a program designed for people with hemiparesis. The app also included educational resources in the form of infographics aimed at addressing key social cognitive theory constructs included social support, outcome expectancies, self-efficacy, and barriers or facilitators to exercising. Participant characteristics and quantitative usability data were descriptively reported. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 12 PWD tested the usability of the exercise app and completed 96% (69/72) of the usability tasks on the first attempt. Operation speed varied among users, which prompted the development team to make minor revisions to the app. Qualitative results demonstrated 3 overarching themes: facilitates exercise adoption, positive experiences of videos, and easy to learn. Participants noted that the app circumvented several barriers to exercise associated with leaving the home (eg, inclement weather conditions, exacerbations of health conditions or disability symptoms, difficulties with transportation, and social support). CONCLUSIONS The mobile exercise app provided a simple platform that was effective, useful, and appreciated by PWD. Participants also perceived the app as easy to use and felt it was a valuable tool for assisting PWD to obtain regular exercise. Study findings also offered insight into the participants’ preferences for mobile exercise apps that can aid future research and development projects. Future exercise trials are needed to determine the true impact of mobile app technology on lifestyle physical activity in people with disabilities. CLINICALTRIAL Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03024320; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03024320 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/75hNLgRFH).

Reactions to the Civility and Relevance of Negative Advertisements

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-101
Author(s):  
Kim L. Fridkin ◽  
Patrick J. Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Real Time ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Senate Elections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Messages

The findings presented in chapter 5 indicate people recognize and make distinctions about the relevance and civility of negative advertisements. Focus group respondents rated advertisements aired in the 2014 senatorial campaigns in ways consistent with the assessments made by the content analysis coders. This finding helps validate the content analysis findings. In addition, state-of-the-art software is used to measure people’s real-time emotional reactions to different negative advertisements aired during the 2014 Senate elections in a second focus group. The results of the emotions analysis reveal that people vary in their emotional reactions to different types of negative messages. Consistent with the tolerance and tactics theory of negativity, people have strong negative reactions to attack advertisements focusing on irrelevant topics compared to messages emphasizing useful topics. Findings also show people’s level of tolerance for incivility influences their emotional responses to negativity.

The Needs of Physically Disabled People Aged 16–65 Years and Service Usage in Grampian

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Sutherland ◽  
Rosemary Chesson
Keyword(s):  
Service Use ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Service Usage ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Home Help ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physically Disabled People ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities

The work reported here forms part of a two-phase investigation of disability sponsored by Grampian Regional Council Social Work Committee. Following a questionnaire survey of about one in 40 of the region's households, 212 people with physical disabilities aged 16–65 were interviewed during 1989/90 to obtain an in-depth understanding of their perceptions of current and past service provision. Two-thirds of all those interviewed required some help with self-care across a wide range of activities. Sixty-six (31%) interviewees were found to use 150 items to help with self-care and a further 45 (21%) indicated that they would like equipment. Forty-one per cent of all self-care aids had been self-purchased. Minimal service use was discovered, the most common being dentistry and chiropody. Despite the level of disability, only seven respondents currently had a home help and 10 were in receipt of community occupational therapy. Very low involvement in voluntary organisations was found. Less than half of interviewees (45%) reported ‘going out’ every day and sedentary leisure activities were more common than visits to clubs or friends. The main reason given for non-participation in other leisure activities was physical difficulty. Only 13 people took part in social activities organised either wholly or partly for people with physical disabilities. In general, those interviewed sought better opportunities for integration into the life of their community. Two case studies are presented in an appendix, which illustrate the multifaceted nature of interviewees' problems and the nature and extent of formal and informal care within two survey households.

Attitudes toward people with physical disabilities: An examination of social context, discipline, disability type, and demographics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Valentini Kalargyrou ◽  
William Pettinico ◽  
Po-Ju Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Frequency Of Contact ◽  
Service Setting ◽  
The Social ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities

BACKGROUND: Despite the existence of studies examining attitudes toward people with disabilities (PWDs) in a workplace context, little is known about attitudes in other social contexts such as dating and marriage. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is threefold. First, the study seeks to examine how social context (i.e., work, dating, marriage) influences attitudes toward people with physical disabilities (PWPDs). Second, it examines potential influence of participant characteristics (i.e., gender, major, disability education, and frequency of contact). Third, it explores whether attitudes vary across different disability types. METHODS: To measure the influence of social context on attitudes toward PWPDs, the study used the Disability Social Relationship Scale (DSR), which was completed by 395 undergraduate students in Austria. RESULTS: Participants demonstrate more positive attitudes toward PWPDs in the workplace than in the social contexts of dating and marriage. Participants who had more frequent contact with PWDs (i.e., in a workplace/service setting or in a personal relationship) demonstrate more positive attitudes toward PWPDs. Participants have more positive attitudes toward some disability types (i.e., deafness/hardness of hearing) than others (blindness/visual impairment). CONCLUSION: We offer recommendations for future research and practice aimed at creating awareness of biases toward PWDs while promoting social justice.

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