scholarly journals Herbicide Options to Manage Novel Turf-type Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
P. Agustin Boeri ◽  
J. Bryan Unruh ◽  
Kevin E. Kenworthy ◽  
Laurie E. Trenholm ◽  
Esteban F. Rios
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Injury Threshold ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Herbicide Management ◽  
Better Than

Herbicide management information is lacking for recently developed turf-type bahiagrass germplasm. The objective of this study was to evaluate the herbicide tolerance of nine experimental bahiagrass genotypes compared to the industry standard ‘Argentine’. The experimental entries included Argentine and ‘Wilmington’ mutants, and wild-type breeding lines. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions, and twelve herbicides were applied at 1 and 2 times labeled rates. Bentazon, bromoxynil, carfentrazone + 2,4-D + MCPP + dicamba, and carfentrazone were classified as safe. Fluroxypyr, halosulfuron, and triclopyr + clopyralid reduced growth >50% when applied at twice the label rate. Fenoxaprop, sulfentrazone + imazethapyr, and thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba reduced growth and caused turfgrass injury above an acceptable threshold (≥20%). In general, the Argentine mutants showed greater herbicide injury compared to the Wilmington-mutants. Although metsulfuron exceeded the acceptable injury threshold and stopped growth in all the genotypes, Argentine and genotype WT6 were the least injured by this herbicide. The experimental genotype WT6 consistently showed the greatest herbicide tolerance. Except for one genotype (WT4), the experimental genotypes responded similarly or better than Argentine to the tested herbicides, except for metsulfuron.

scholarly journals Ergot Resistant Tetraploid Bahiagrass and Fungicide Effects on Seed Yield and Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Rios ◽  
Ann Blount ◽  
Philip Harmon ◽  
Cheryl Mackowiak ◽  
Kevin Kenworthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
The University ◽  
Better Than

Seed production is a critical component in agricultural systems based on bahiagrass and ergot has been reported to significantly reduce seed quality in tetraploid cultivars. Seed yield and quality are important traits to evaluate in the advanced breeding lines developed at the University of Florida. Resistance to ergot was assessed in seven tetraploid bahiagrass breeding lines and the cultivar Argentine. Tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin also were evaluated for managing ergot and increasing seed quality. Argentine and two tetraploid hybrids (Hyb1 and Hyb2) showed the highest levels of ergot severity and incidence. Three wild-type bahiagrass lines (WT-2, WT-4 and WT-5) performed significantly better than Argentine and could be considered resistant to ergot. Anthesis was the critical stage in relation to ergot infection, and a single application of tebuconazole at anthesis reduced ergot severity; however, neither fungicide was able to reduce ergot incidence. Tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin improved seed set, and reproductive efficiency was 2.4% higher after the application of tebuconazole. The slight increase in reproductive efficiency following fungicide application may not be economically justifiable for seed production in bahiagrass. Three advanced tetraploid breeding lines (Hyb1, WT-3, and WT-5) exhibited adequate seed production to be considered for cultivar release. Accepted for publication 24 February 2015. Published 17 April 2015.

scholarly journals Directed Evolution of AraC for Improved Compatibility of Arabinose- and Lactose-Inducible Promoters

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (18) ◽  
pp. 5711-5715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Kuk Lee ◽  
Howard H. Chou ◽  
Brian F. Pfleger ◽  
Jack D. Newman ◽  
Yasuo Yoshikuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Directed Evolution ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dimerization Domain ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Inducible Promoters ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT Synthetic biological systems often require multiple, independently inducible promoters in order to control the expression levels of several genes; however, cross talk between the promoters limits this ability. Here, we demonstrate the directed evolution of AraC to construct an arabinose-inducible (PBAD) system that is more compatible with IPTG (isopropyl-β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside) induction of a lactose-inducible (Plac) system. The constructed system is 10 times more sensitive to arabinose and tolerates IPTG significantly better than the wild type. Detailed studies indicate that the AraC dimerization domain and C terminus are important for the increased sensitivity of AraC to arabinose.

The Role of Gender on Student Success

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuncay Bayrak ◽  
Anil Gulati
Keyword(s):  
Student Success ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Management Information Systems ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Better Than

Numerous studies have investigated why computers are perceived as being a male domain. In this study, the authors examine intra-gender differences among undergraduate and graduate students who enrolled in Management Information Systems (MIS) courses and attempt to answer such questions as do males achieve significantly higher scores in MIS courses? Does instructor gender affect female students' academic achievement? Do females underperform males in achievement at either or both undergraduate and graduate levels? This paper provides findings which demonstrate that female students performed significantly better than their male counterparts in the two introductory undergraduate MIS courses and performed equally well in an upper lever MIS course and an introductory course in the graduate program. Male students were impacted by the gender of the teacher. Even though it was not a main focus of the present study, the authors cannot resist making a casual observation that female teachers were more effective in the classroom.

scholarly journals The Variability of Puroindoline-Encoding Alleles and Their Influence on Grain Hardness in Modern Wheat Cultivars Cultivated in Poland, Breeding Lines and Polish Old Landraces (Triticum aestivum L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Mateusz Przyborowski ◽  
Sebastian Gasparis ◽  
Maciej Kała ◽  
Wacław Orczyk ◽  
Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Modern Wheat

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain hardness is determined mainly by variations in puroindoline genes (Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1), which are located on the short arm of chromosome 5D. This trait has a direct effect on the technological properties of the flour and the final product quality. The objective of the study was to analyze the mutation frequency in both Pin genes and their influence on grain hardness in 118 modern bread wheat cultivars and breeding lines cultivated in Poland, and 80 landraces from Poland. The PCR products containing the Pin gene coding sequences were sequenced by the Sanger method. Based on detected the SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) we designed CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) markers for the fast screening of Pinb alleles in a large number of genotypes. All analyzed cultivars, breeding lines, and landraces possess the wild-type Pina-D1a allele. Allelic variation was observed within the Pinb gene. The most frequently occurring allele in modern wheat cultivars and breeding lines (over 50%) was Pinb-D1b. The contribution of the remaining alleles (Pinb-D1a, Pinb-D1c, and Pinb-D1d) was much less (approx. 15% each). In landraces, the most frequent allele was Pinb-D1a (over 70%), followed by Pinb-D1b (21% frequency). Pinb-D1c and Pinb-D1g were found in individual varieties. SKCS (single-kernel characterization system) analysis revealed that grain hardness was strictly connected with Pinb gene allelic variation in most tested cultivars. The mean grain hardness values were significantly greater in cultivars with mutant Pinb variants as compared to those with the wild-type Pinb-D1a allele. Based on grain hardness measured by SKCS, we classified the analyzed cultivars and lines into different classes according to a previously proposed classification system.

Identification and Utilization of Variation in Herbicide Tolerance in Soybean (Glycine max) Breeding

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar E. Hartwig
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Phytophthora Megasperma ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Phytophthora Rot ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over The Top

Herbicides marketed for selected crops were chosen on the basis that major cultivars of the specific crop were tolerant. Our work with soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] has demonstrated that variability exists with regard to sensitivity or tolerance to several herbicides. As a part of our breeding program to develop improved soybean cultivars, we have evaluated advanced breeding lines and germplasm for reaction to herbicides on the market as well as experimental herbicides. A breeding line was identified and released for production which showed very little injury from two over-the-top applications of a double rate of 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid]. Other strains showed severe injury and depressed seed yield. Variation in reaction to glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] has been observed. Lines tolerant to 0.56 kg ai/ha in one growing season were severely damaged the following season. When 200 germplasm lines from eastern Asia were treated with glyphosate, 6% showed less than 15% injury while 21% showed over 80% injury. The cultivar ‘Tracy′, selected for tolerance to 2,4-DB and a high level of resistance to the soil-borne disease causing phytophthora rot, was found to be sensitive to metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one]. Tracy has two major genes controlling resistance to phytophthora rot caused byPhytophthora megaspermaDrechs. f. sp.glycineaKuan and Erwin. One of these genes is closely linked with a gene controlling reaction to metribuzin. A crossover type was identified. The cultivar ‘Tracy-M’ retains the high level of resistance to phytophthora rot and is tolerant to metribuzin. A small percentage of germplasm lines evaluated were found to be sensitive to bentazon. Reaction to bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] is simply inherited.

scholarly journals A Mutation in the luxS Gene Influences Listeria monocytogenes Biofilm Formation

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 5653-5658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomo Sela ◽  
Shmulik Frank ◽  
Eddy Belausov ◽  
Riky Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Parent Strain ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Reporter Strain ◽  
Luxs Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Autoinducer 2 ◽  
Wild Type Phenotype ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT Using a Vibrio harveyi reporter strain, we demonstrated that Listeria monocytogenes secretes a functional autoinducer 2 (AI-2)-like signal. A luxS-deficient mutant produced a denser biofilm and attached to a glass surface 19-fold better than the parent strain. Exogenous AI-2 failed to restore the wild-type phenotype to the mutant. It seems that an intact luxS gene is associated with repression of components required for attachment and biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Equal Force Recovery in Dysferlin-Deficient and Wild-Type Muscles Following Saponin Exposure

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piming Zhao ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Younss Ait-Mou ◽  
Pieter P. de Tombe ◽  
Renzhi Han
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Slow Muscle ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tetanic Force ◽  
Induced Membrane ◽  
Force Recovery ◽  
Better Than

Dysferlin plays an important role in repairing membrane damage elicited by laser irradiation, and dysferlin deficiency causes muscular dystrophy and associated cardiomyopathy. Proteins such as perforin, complement component C9, and bacteria-derived cytolysins, as well as the natural detergent saponin, can form large pores on the cell membrane via complexation with cholesterol. However, it is not clear whether dysferlin plays a role in repairing membrane damage induced by pore-forming reagents. In this study, we observed that dysferlin-deficient muscles recovered the tetanic force production to the same extent as their WT counterparts following a 5-min saponin exposure (50 μg/mL). Interestingly, the slow soleus muscles recovered significantly better than the fastextensor digitorum longus(EDL) muscles. Our data suggest that dysferlin is unlikely involved in repairing saponin-induced membrane damage and that the slow muscle is more efficient than the fast muscle in repairing such damage.

scholarly journals Mutations in the cyclic AMP binding site of the cyclic AMP receptor protein of Escherichia coli

1988 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Gronenborn ◽  
R Sandulache ◽  
S Gärtner ◽  
G M Clore
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Cyclic Nucleotides ◽  
Binding Pocket ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cyclic Amp Receptor Protein ◽  
Better Than

Mutants in the cyclic AMP binding site of the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) of Escherichia coli have been constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. They have been phenotypically characterized and their ability to enhance the expression of catabolite-repressible operons has been tested. In addition, the binding of cyclic nucleotides to the mutants has been investigated. It is shown that the six mutants made fall into one of three classes: (i) those that bind cyclic AMP better than the wild type protein (Ser-62→Ala) and result in greater transcription enhancement; (ii) those that bind cyclic AMP similarly to wild type (Ser-83→Ala, Ser-83→Lys, Thr-127→Ala, Ser-129→Ala); and (iii) those that do not bind cyclic AMP at all (Arg-82→Leu). Implications of these findings with respect to present models of the cyclic nucleotide binding pocket of CRP are discussed.

scholarly journals A Role for Single-Stranded Exonucleases in the Use of DNA as a Nutrient

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (11) ◽  
pp. 3712-3716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Palchevskiy ◽  
Steven E. Finkel
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Natural Competence ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT Nutritional competence is the ability of bacterial cells to utilize exogenous double-stranded DNA molecules as a nutrient source. We previously identified several genes in Escherichia coli that are important for this process and proposed a model, based on models of natural competence and transformation in bacteria, where it is assumed that single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is degraded following entry into the cytoplasm. Since E. coli has several exonucleases, we determined whether they play a role in the long-term survival and the catabolism of DNA as a nutrient. We show here that mutants lacking either ExoI, ExoVII, ExoX, or RecJ are viable during all phases of the bacterial life cycle yet cannot compete with wild-type cells during long-term stationary-phase incubation. We also show that nuclease mutants, alone or in combination, are defective in DNA catabolism, with the exception of the ExoX− single mutant. The ExoX− mutant consumes double-stranded DNA better than wild-type cells, possibly implying the presence of two pathways in E. coli for the processing of ssDNA as it enters the cytoplasm.

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