Adsorption Removal of Glycidyl Esters from Palm Oil and Oil Model Solution by Using Acid-Washed Oil Palm Wood-Based Activated Carbon: Kinetic and Mechanism Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (44) ◽  
pp. 9753-9762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Cheng ◽  
Guoqin Liu ◽  
Xuede Wang ◽  
Lipeng Han
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Model Solution ◽  
Mechanism Study ◽  
Glycidyl Esters ◽  
Adsorption Removal

scholarly journals Review on palm oil contaminants related to 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3- MCPD) and glycidyl esters (GE)

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S6) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
S.N. Sulin ◽  
M.N. Mokhtar ◽  
M.A.P. Mohammed ◽  
A.S. Baharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
National Income ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Glycidyl Esters ◽  
Oil Palm Industry

The issue of food safety is a major concern in the oil palm industry as it will affect national income. 3-MCPD and GE are contaminants formed during the refining of palm oil, mainly in the deodorization step. Palm oil was reported to contain one of the highest levels of these contaminants amongst all vegetable oils. Both 3-MCPD and GE are characterized as a possible risk to human health. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of the 3-MCPD and GE precursors and mitigation strategies to minimize the 3-MCPD and GE formation. Therefore, the oil palm industry should address these issues and find ways to comply with food laws, acts, regulations, and standards enforced by local and international authorities.

scholarly journals Preparation of Activated Carbon Based on Oil Palm Waste for Ammonia Removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Ivan Daniel ◽  
Rini Selly ◽  
Jasmidi Jasmidi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Palm Waste ◽  
Oil Palm Waste

The aim of this study Industri is to reduce ammonia concentration in tannery waswater using Oil Palm waste. Palm oil is one of the strategic industry that is engaged in agriculture (agro-based industry) that many develop in tropical countries such as Indonesia. Palm oil plantations produce solid waste, one of which is an empty bunch. and the palm oil processing industry produces the liquid waste of one of them ammonia. By looking at the opportunity how to cope with the waste of ammonia derived from the processing of palm oil by making biosorbents from solid waste of empty palm plants that utilization of empty waste plants is still not maximal. With some treatment and tested with BET to see the surface area and total volume of pores after and before the treatment of activated carbon.

scholarly journals Activated carbon and palm oil fuel ash as microwave absorbers for microwave-assisted pyrolysis of oil palm shell waste

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (53) ◽  
pp. 32058-32068
Author(s):  
Sunisa Chuayjumnong ◽  
Seppo Karrila ◽  
Saysunee Jumrat ◽  
Yutthapong Pianroj
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Microwave Pyrolysis ◽  
Microwave Absorbers ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Shell ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Oil Fuel

In this study, the effects of two microwave absorbers (MWAb) or catalysts, namely activated carbon (AC) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA), were investigated in microwave pyrolysis of oil palm shell (OPS).

Simple microwave pyrolysis kinetics of lignocellulosic biomass (oil palm shell) with activated carbon and palm oil fuel ash catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saysunee Jumrat ◽  
Teerasak Punvichai ◽  
Wichuta Sae-jie ◽  
Seppo Karrila ◽  
Yutthapong Pianroj
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Pyrolysis Kinetics ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Microwave Pyrolysis ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Shell ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Oil Fuel

Abstract The important parameters characterizing microwave pyrolysis kinetics, namely the activation energy (E a) and the rate constant pre-exponential factor (A), were investigated for oil palm shell mixed with activated carbon and palm oil fuel ash as microwave absorbers, using simple lab-scale equipment. These parameters were estimated for the Kissinger model. The estimates for E a ranged within 31.55–58.04 kJ mol−1 and for A within 6.40E0–6.84E+1 s−1, in good agreement with prior studies that employed standard techniques: Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The E a and A were used with the Arrhenius reaction rate equation, solved by the 4th order Runge-Kutta method. The statistical parameters coefficient of determination (R 2) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used to verify the good fit of simulation to the experimental results. The best fit had R 2 = 0.900 and RMSE = 4.438, respectively, for MW pyrolysis at power 440 W for OPS with AC as MW absorber.

scholarly journals Manufacturing Carbon Material by Carbonization of Cellulosic Palm Oil Waste for Supercapacitor Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03018
Author(s):  
Reza Hendriansyah ◽  
Tirto Prakoso ◽  
Pramujo Widiatmoko ◽  
Isdiriayani Nurdin ◽  
Hary Devianto
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode

Palm oil waste as biomass resources in Indonesia were not fully utilized. One of the product that can be made from oil palm biomass is activated carbon. Activated carbon characteristic with high porosity and good conductivity, made activated carbon suitable as supercapacitor electrode material. Activated carbon preparation consists of two main steps that are carbonization and activation. In this research carbonization carried out by hydrothermal process while activation conducted by physcal activation. This research focused on manufacturing activated carbon from palm oil waste by hydrothermal carbonization for supercapacitor application. Activated carbon produced from empty fruit bunch have a surface area of 330 – 1181 m2/gr, pore volume of 0.19 – 0.69 cm3/gr, and pore size of 2.1 – 2.3 nm. While activated carbon produced from oil palm shell have surface area of 8 – 451 m2/gr, pore volume 0.05 – 1.064 cm3/gr, and pore size 2.9 – 20.7 nm. The crystallinity of the activated carbon obtained ranged from 46.5 to 51.9%. In this study, the activated carbon is used as a working electrode on an asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor with nickel oxide being used as second electrode. This palm oil-based supercapacitor cell has a capacitance of 1.7554 F/g.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Gugus Fungsi dan Morfologi Permukaan Karbon Aktif dari Pelepah Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Aktivator Asam Fosfat (H3PO4) dan Asam Nitrat (HNO3)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
Vidyanova Anggun Mentari ◽  
Seri Maulina
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Oil Palm Fronds ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
Palm Fronds ◽  
By Products

Indonesia termasuk negara produsen kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia. Berdasarkan laporan Badan Pusat Statistik luas perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia pada tahun 2016 sebesar 11.672.861 Ha. Limbah perkebunan kelapa sawit tersedia dalam jumlah yang banyak dan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal salah satunya yaitu pelepah kelapa sawit. Pelepah kelapa sawit termasuk kategori limbah basah (wet by-products) dengan jumlah produksi pelepah kelapa sawit pada tahun 2016 yaitu sebesar 191.434.920 ton.Paper ini membahas perbandingan gugus fungsi dan morfologi permukaan karbon aktif dari pelepah kelapa sawit(elaeis guineensis Jacq) dengan aktivator H3PO4 dan HNO3.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan gugus fungsi dan morfologi permukaan karbon aktif dari pelepah kelapa sawit dengan aktivator H3PO4 dan HNO3. Metode yang dilakukan meliputi proses impregnasi, karbonisasi, dan pencucian. Konsentrasi aktivator yang digunakan yaitu 20% dengan suhu aktivasi 400 oC. Analisa yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini meliputi analisis morfologi permukaan karbon aktif dengan menggunakan SEM dan analisis spektra secara FTIR terhadap karbon aktif. Hasilanalisa morfologi menggunakan SEM menunjukkan adanya pori yang terbentuk pada karbon aktif dan identifikasi dengan spektrofotometer FTIR menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif pada penelitian ini mengandung gugus fungsi C=O, C=C, C-C, N=O, C-N, C-OH, CH2dan C-H Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world. Based on the Central Statistics Agency's report, the area of ​​oil palm plantations in Indonesia in 2016 amounted to 11,672,851 Ha. Palm oil plantation waste is available in large quantities and has not been utilized optimally; one of which is palm tree fronds. Palm oil fronds are categorized as wet waste (wet by products) with the amount of palm oil fronds production in 2016 was equal to 191,434,920 tons. This paper discussed the comparison of functional groups and surface morphology of activated carbon from oil palm fronds (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) with H3PO4 and HNO3 activators. This study aimed to determine the comparison of functional groups and surface morphology of activated carbon from oil palm fronds with activators of H3PO4 and HNO3. The method used included the process of impregnation, carbonization, and washing. The concentration of activator used was 20% with an activation temperature of 400 oC. The analysis carried out in this study included the analysis of the surface morphology of activated carbon using SEM and FTIR spectra analysis of activated carbon. Morphological analysis using SEM showed the presence of pores formed on activated carbon. Identification with FTIR spectrophotometer showed that the activated carbon in this study contained functional groups C = O, C = C, CC, N = O, CN, C-OH, CH2 and CH.

scholarly journals Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as a Potential Feedstock for Composting

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 3961-3974
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
By Products

Oil palm plantation has been widely planted in tropical countries, particularly Malaysia. Oil palm biomasses as by-products of palm oil production, therefore, exist abundantly. Four kilograms of dry biomasses are generated for every kilogram of palm oil produced. Empty fruit bunch is a major solid waste produced by palm oil mills, constituting 23% of the total weight of the fresh palm fruit bunch. As one of the largest palm oil producers, Malaysia generated a huge amount of EFB annually, making the country's disposal process a headache issue. Therefore, utilizing these wastes strategically could be beneficial from both economic and environmental points of view. Ideally, EFB could be used as feedstocks for bioenergy production, composites fabrication, activated carbon, and chemical synthesis. Apart from that, composting is also one of the potential approaches to solving this waste's abundance. Composting oil palm EFB means converting the EFB waste, which is essentially organic in nature, into humus suitable for crop production. The main purpose of composting is to handle organic wastes and enhance soil fertility safely. This paper gives an overview of the latest status and technologies dealing with composting of oil palm EFB, its limitations, current issues, and way forward.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN GUGUS FUNGSI DAN MORFOLOGI PERMUKAAN KARBON AKTIF DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN AKTIVATOR ASAM FOSFAT (H3PO4) DAN ASAM NITRAT (HNO3)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Vidyanova Anggun Mentari ◽  
Gewa Handika ◽  
Seri Maulina
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil Palm Frond ◽  
Palm Frond

Indonesia is one of the biggest producent of palm oil in the world. According to Badan Pusat Statistik (Central Bureau of Statistics), on 2016 wide of the palm oil estate in Indonesia is 11.672.861 Ha. The waste of palm oil plantations so many and isn’t used optimal, for the example is oil palm frond. Oil palm frond is one of the wet of waste with the number of production as much as 19.143.492 ton on 2016. This research will discuss the comparison of functional group and surface morphology activated carbon of oil palm frond with use H3PO­4 and HNO3 as an activator. This research purpose to know the comparison of functional group and surface morphology activated carbon of oil palm frond with use H3PO4 and HNO3 as an activator. The method includes impregnation, carbonization, and washing process. The concentration of activator is 20% with 400 oC activation temperature. This research is used morphology surface activated carbon analysis with SEM and FTIR spectrophotometer. The result of analysis with SEM show there is pore formed on activated carbon and the indentification with spechtrophotometer FTIR shows that activated carbon is contain of functional group are C=O, C=C, C-C, N=O, C-N, C-OH, CH2and C-H.

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