Triacylglycerol Containing Medium-Chain Fatty Acids: Comparison of Human Milk and Infant Formulas on Lipolysis during In Vitro Digestion

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (14) ◽  
pp. 4187-4195
Author(s):  
Tinglan Yuan ◽  
Ziwei Geng ◽  
Xinyue Dai ◽  
Xinghe Zhang ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Triacylglycerol containing medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA-TAG): The gap between human milk and infant formulas

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 104545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinglan Yuan ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Xiaosan Wang ◽  
Renqiang Yu ◽  
Qin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Behavior and In Vitro Digestion Simulation of Medium Chain Fatty Acids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ericsem Pereira ◽  
Antonio J. A. Meirelles ◽  
Guilherme J. Maximo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The absorption of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) depends on the solubility of these components in the gastric fluid. Parameters such as the total MCFA concentration, carboxyl ionization level, and carbon chain length affect the solubility of these molecules. Moreover, the enzymatic lipolysis of solubilized triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules may depend on the carbon chain length of the fatty acids (FAs) components and their positions on the glycerol backbone. This present study aimed at investigating the effect of electrolyte usually formed during the gastric digestion phase on the solubility of MCFA, and evaluating the influence of the FA carbon chain length on the lipolysis rate during the in vitro digestion simulation. The results obtained here showed that the increasing of electrolyte concentrations tend to decrease the mutual solubility of systems composed by the caproic and caprylic fatty acids + sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium chloride solutions. We also observed that a conventional version of the thermodynamic UNIQUAC model was able to correlate the liquid-liquid phase behavior of the electrolyte solutions. Regarding the in vitro digestion simulation, the experimental data indicated that the action of the pancreatic enzyme occurred preferentially in TAG molecules comprised of short and medium-chain fatty acids.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial effect of palm oils rich in medium-chain fatty acids against mastitis-causing Gram-positive bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Klára Laloučková ◽  
Lucie Malá ◽  
Paula Slaničková ◽  
Eva Skřivanová
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Various pathogens causing mastitis in dairy cattle are of serious concern due to their increasing antibacterial resistance and potential transmission to other cows, calves, and the environment, especially through the milking process. Therefore, alternative approaches to antimicrobial usage in the treatment or control of mastitis in dairy cattle are severely needed. The antibacterial effect of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) is known to be significant for various pathogens, but there is only limited information about the activity of MCFAs on mastitis-causing pathogens. Moreover, no evidence about the antimicrobial effects of palm oils rich in MCFAs, such as coconut, palm kernel, and tucuma oil, can be found in the current literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of palm oils rich in MCFAs, after cleavage by an exogenous lipase from Mucor javanicus, on bovine mastitis-causing strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis) by the broth microdilution method. All tested palm oils exerted antibacterial activity against eight tested bacterial strains in the range of 64–8192 µl/ml with Str. agalactiae being the most sensitive and S. aureus being the most resistant species. The results of the present study demonstrate that palm oils rich in MCFAs can serve as an alternative to the predominantly used predip and postdip procedures in bovine mastitis control, but further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the findings for their possible applications.

scholarly journals The potential anti- African Swine Fever Virus effects of medium chain fatty acids on in vitro pig feed and water models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Thi Thanh Tran ◽  
Anh Duc Truong ◽  
Duc Viet Ly ◽  
Tuan Van Hoang ◽  
Chinh Thi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Models ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background African swine fever (ASF) is an important disease affecting swine and has a significant economic loss on both the developed and developing world but due to the lack of vaccines, drug, and effective control measures, ASF virus remains a serious threat to global pork production. The activities of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) against viral pathogens have been reported previously. However, the effects of this family on ASFV have been not yet investigated. In this study, we evaluated the potential effects of MCFAs in individual and synergistic forms, to prevent and/or reduce ASFV infection using in vitro feed and water models. Results The potential effects of MCFAs, including C8, C6-C8-C10 (1:1:1 ratio) and C8-C10-C12 (1:1:1 ratio) against a field ASFV strain isolated in Red River Delta region of Vietnam were further examined by real-time PCR in in vitro feed and water models. All tested products have shown a strong antiviral effect against ASFV infectivity at doses of 0.375% and 0.5% in both feed and water assays. Interestingly, the synergistic MCFAs have shown clearly their potential activities against ASFV in which at lower dose of 0.25%, pre-treatment with product 2 and 3 induced significant increases at the level of Cq value when compared to positive control and/or product 1 (P < 0.05). Conclusions To our knowledge, it is the first report on in vitro examination of the anti-ASFV activities of the MCFAs. Our findings suggested that all tested products, both individual and synergistic forms of MCFAs, have possessed a strong anti-ASFV effect and this effect is dose- dependence in in vitro feed and water models. Additionally, synergistic effects of MCFAs are more effective against ASFV when compared to individual form. The further studies focusing on in vivo anti-ASFV effects of MCFAs are very important to bring new insight into the mode of ASFV-reduced action by these compounds in swine feed and water consumption.

scholarly journals Focusing on fatty acid profile in milk from different species after in vitro digestion

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Santillo ◽  
Lucia Figliola ◽  
Maria G Ciliberti ◽  
Mariangela Caroprese ◽  
Rosaria Marino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Caprine Milk ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

We report the fatty acid profile of raw milk and of the corresponding digested milk from different sources (human milk, formula milk and donkey, bovine, ovine and caprine milk) to gain information on the nutritional quality of different milk sources in infant nutrition.Short chain fatty acids (SC-FA) were higher in bovine and caprine milk, intermediate in ovine and donkey and lower in human and formula milk. Medium chain fatty acids (MC-FA) showed the highest values for bovine and caprine milk and the lowest for donkey and formula milk, whereas long chain fatty acids (LC-FA) were the highest in donkey and formula milk and intermediate in human milk.The percentage distribution of fatty acids liberated after in vitro digestion did not reflect the patterns found in the corresponding milk sources. In particular, MC free fatty acids (MC-FFA) showed the highest and the lowest values in donkey and in formula milk, LC-FFA showed the highest value in human milk. The total FFA was highest in human milk, lowest in formula milk and intermediate in donkey, bovine, ovine, and caprine milk.

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