Thermogravimetric Analysis−Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis of Palm Oil Waste Pyrolysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1814-1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiping Yang ◽  
Rong Yan ◽  
Terence Chin ◽  
David Tee Liang ◽  
Hanping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Infrared Analysis

scholarly journals Polyvinyl Alcohol Reinforced Flame-Retardant Polyacrylonitrile Composite Fiber Prepared by Boric Acid Cross-Linking and Phosphorylation

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanlin Ren ◽  
Tian Tian ◽  
Lina Jiang ◽  
Xiaohui Liu ◽  
Zhenbang Han
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Composite Fiber ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Char Residue ◽  
Pan Fiber

To improve the strength and maintain the inherent properties of flame-retardant polyacrylonitrile (FR-PAN) fiber, a commercialized hydrocarbon polymer, i.e., poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), used as an enhancement component, was blended with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) spinning dope to fabricate a PVA/PAN composite fiber through wet-spun technology. Then, cross-linked PVA/PAN composite fiber (C-PVA/PAN) was acquired via boric acid cross-linking. Finally, flame-retardant C-PVA/PAN fiber (FR-PVA/PAN) was prepared by phosphorylation. The structures of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results reveal that the thermal stability of the composite fiber is lower than that of the pristine PAN fiber. However, the char residue of the composite fiber is higher than that of the control sample, wherein, FR-PVA/PAN has the highest char residue of 62.5 wt% at 800 °C. The results regarding the combustion properties of FR-PVA/PAN show that the fire hazard of FR-PVA/PAN is restrained greatly, indicating excellent flame-retardant performance. The corresponding flame-retardant mechanism of FR-PAV/PAN is investigated by Pyrolysis gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared analysis (TG-FTIR). The results indicate the gas-phase and condensed-phase flame-retardant mechanisms.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis and Combustion of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Sheath for New and Aged Cables via Thermogravimetric Analysis-Fourier Transform Infrared (TG-FTIR) and Calorimeter

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Ruichao Wei ◽  
Xuehui Wang ◽  
Junjiang He ◽  
Jian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Total Heat Release ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Microscale Combustion Calorimetry

To fill the shortages in the knowledge of the pyrolysis and combustion properties of new and aged polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheaths, several experiments were performed by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), and cone calorimetry. The results show that the onset temperature of pyrolysis for an aged sheath shifts to higher temperatures. The value of the main derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) peak of an aged sheath is greater than that of a new one. The mass of the final remaining residue for an aged sheath is also greater than that of a new one. The gas that is released by an aged sheath is later but faster than that of a new one. The results also show that, when compared with a new sheath, the heat release rate (HRR) is lower for an aged one. The total heat release (THR) of aged sheath is reduced by 16.9–18.5% compared to a new one. In addition, the cone calorimetry experiments illustrate that the ignition occurrence of an aged sheath is later than that of a new one under different incident heat fluxes. This work indicates that an aged sheath generally pyrolyzes and it combusts more weakly and incompletely.

scholarly journals Conversion of palm oil to new sulfur-based polymer by inverse vulcanization

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Amin Abbasi ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef ◽  
Wan Zaireen Nisa Yahya ◽  
Muhammad Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Molten State ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Sulfur Containing

The conversion of palm oil into a sulfur-based polymer by copolymerization with sulfur powder at its molten state is herein reported. The obtained sulfur-containing polymer was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to demonstrate the successful conversion. The disappearance of the peaks related to vinylic groups of oil together with the appearance of a peak representing C-H rocking vibrations in the vicinity of C-S bonds confirmed the copolymerization of sulfur with oil. TGA revealed that the polymers have thermal stability up to 230°C under nitrogen and the polymers leave 10% sulfur-rich ash. DSC proved that a small amount of elemental sulfur remained unreacted in the polymer, which showed amorphous and heavily crosslinked structure resembling thermosets. These copolymers are an environmental-friendly polymeric material promoting the utilization of the abundant sulfur while also adding value to palm oil.

scholarly journals Adsorption of hexavalent chromium by activated carbon obtained from a waste lignocellulosic material (Ziziphus jujuba cores): Kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic study

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1066-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radia Labied ◽  
Oumessaad Benturki ◽  
Adh’ Ya Eddine Hamitouche ◽  
André Donnot
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Lignocellulosic Material ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba ◽  
Key Functional Groups

In aqueous solutions, hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) was successfully removed by activated carbon “ Z. jujuba rubidium carbonate-activated carbon” obtained from waste lignocellulosic material ( Ziziphus jujuba cores). Rubidium carbonate was used to prepare Z. jujuba rubidium carbonate-activated carbon by chemical activation using a 1:1 w/w ratio. Our results indicate that the obtained surface area of the activated carbon was equal to 608.31 m2/g. The adsorption study of Cr(VI) was investigated under batch conditions at constant stirring speed (220 r/min). Factors such as pH (1–6), temperature (20–40°C), adsorbent concentration (0.5–3 g/l), and initial Cr(VI) concentration (50–500 mg/l) were all studied to attain the maximum removal efficiency. Prior to the adsorption process, the morphology, elementary composition, and loss mass of activated carbon were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Fourier transform infrared analysis of the adsorbent demonstrated the presence of key functional groups associated with the adsorption phenomenon such as those of hydroxyl and aromatic groups. The obtained results showed that the optimal conditions for a maximum adsorption efficiency are 2 for pH, 1 g/l for activated carbon dosage and 100 mg/l for Cr(VI) concentration. The removal percentage increased from 27.2 to 62.08%. The kinetic sorption was described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic equation ( R2 ≈ 0.995). The Tóth ( R2 = 0.997) and Elovich models were best to explain the sorption phenomenon. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto activated carbon was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic at 20–40°C. This novel Z. jujuba rubidium carbonate-activated carbon derived from Z. jujuba core has been found to be effective for the removal of Cr(VI) and not harmful to the ecosystem.

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