Physicochemical properties controlling polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in aquatic organisms

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen R. Shaw ◽  
Des W. Connell
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Aquatic Organisms

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TOKSISITAS BAHAN PENCEMAR TERHADAP ORGANISME PERAIRAN

OSEANA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Triyoni Purbonegoro
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Major Factors

FACTORS THAT AFFECTING THE TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS. There are a large number of pollutants in aquatic environment with various characteristics and factors that can modify and affect the toxicity of pollutants in this environment. The major factors affecting pollutant toxicity include physicochemical properties of pollutants, mode of exposure, time, environmental factors, and biological factors. Moreover, organisms in an aquatic ecosystem are seldom exposed to only single pollutant, and most cases the stress of pollution on aquatic ecosystems is related to the interaction and combined effects of many chemicals. The combined effects may be synergistic or antagonistic, depending on the pollutants and the physiological condition of the organism involved.

MODULATION OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES FOR OPTIMUM DELIVERY OF PLASMID DNA THROUGH GILL MUCOSA

2009 ◽  
Vol 08 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIMAL KUMAR SHARMA ◽  
ISHA MUTREJA ◽  
SUSMITA MITRA
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Gel Retardation Assay ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Convenient Route

The gill mucosa is a convenient route for the administration of DNA vaccine to fish and other aquatic organisms. Nanocarriers have been considered for delivery; however, a suitable formulation is required. To devise an appropriate carrier, we have synthesized chitosan nanoparticles entrapping pDNA at N/P ratios of 1:1 and 2.5:1, using ionic gelation and microemulsion (μE) methods. For nanoparticle characterization, the size, morphology, zetapotential, and IR spectra were determined. The efficiency of pDNA entrapment was established by gel retardation assay. On the basis of the investigations, the loaded nanoparticles synthesized by μE method appear to have the required characteristics for effective delivery by this route.

scholarly journals Streambed pollution: A comprehensive review of its sources, eco-hydro-geo-chemical impacts, assessment, and mitigation strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aadhityaa Mohanavelu ◽  
Shivansh Shrivastava ◽  
Sujay Raghavendra Naganna
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Stream Ecosystem ◽  
Wide Range

Streambeds are among the important components of stream ecosystems and support several critical ecosystem services such as transformation of organic matter and nutrients and provide habitat for aquatic organisms. Increasing anthropogenic influence introduces multiple stressors to the stream networks resulting in pollution of streambeds, which in turn, could have detrimental effects on overall stream ecosystem health. However, there are gaps in the current understanding of the impacts of streambed pollution and the mitigation strategies lack holistic approach. In this review, we first present a global inventory to highlight the status of streambed pollution around the globe. Next, we synthesize the state-of-art knowledge of conventional and emerging forms of contaminants, their overall impacts on stream ecosystem functions, and finally present future directions to comprehend the problem of streambed pollution. We highlight that fine sediments and plastics (found especially in urban streambeds) are among the major physical pollutants of streambed pollution and the chemical pollutants generally comprise of hydrophobic compounds including various legacy contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), a wide range of pesticides and a variety of heavy metals. Further, in recent years, highly polar and hydrophilic emerging contaminants such as micro-plastics, pharmaceutical waste and personal care products have been identified in rivers around the world. We stress that the impacts of streambed pollution have been largely studied with discipline-driven perspectives amongst which the ecological impacts have received a lot of attention in the past. To present a comprehensive outlook, this review also synthesizes the hydrological, geomorphological and biochemical impacts of different forms of streambed pollutants. In the end, we endorse the positive and negative aspects of the current impact assessment methodologies and also highlight various physical, chemical and biological remediation measures that could be applied to alleviate streambed pollution.

scholarly journals Occurrence of a Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Congener in Surface Water, Sediments and Blackchin Tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) from Ologe Lagoon, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1805-1811
Author(s):  
H.E. Obanya ◽  
C. Ntor ◽  
C.U. Okoroafor ◽  
R. Nwanze
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Industrial Estate ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Sarotherodon Melanotheron

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organochlorine chemicals that are toxic to aquatic organisms and humans. PCBs levels were assessed in surface water, sediments and fish from Ologe Lagoon, a major water body receiving treated effluents from Agbara Industrial Estate, using Gas Chromatograph-Electron Capture Detector (GCECD). 2,4,4’-Trichlorobiphenyl (2,4,4’-TCB) was the only PCB congener detected in the assessed matrices. Sediment 2,4,4’-TCB levels ranged from 0.0033±0.00333 to 0.0430 ± 0.00351ng/g. There was a significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variation in the levels in sediments and surface water. The level in surface water from Zone 3 was above USEPA’s safe limit (0.0005 mg/L) in the rainy season. There was no significant (p > 0.05) seasonal difference in the mean concentrations of 2,4,4’-TCB in fish, and the levels were lower than WHO’s safe limit (0.2 mg/kg). Based on the negligible to low levels of 2,4,4’-TCB in S. melanotheron inhabiting the lagoon, the fish was considered safe for consumption. Levels of 2,4,4’- TCB found in the sediments and surface water in this study indicate that levels may change with season, therefore, we recommend that the concentrations of the compound are regularly monitored in order to timely avert toxic levels of bioavailable 2,4,4’-TCB in the water body.Keywords: Polychlorinated biphenyls, Sarotherodon melanotheron, Sediments, Surface water.

scholarly journals Microcosm on a bottle: experimental tests on the colonization of plastic and glass substrates in a retention reservoir

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Mieczan
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Energy Cycle ◽  
Retention Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Substrates ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

The last few decades have seen a dramatic increase in water pollution due to various types of waste generated by human activity. These include plastic and glass accumulating in the shore area of lakes and oceans. These substrates may be colonized by various groups of aquatic organisms. Little is known of the trophic interrelationships between micro- and macroorganisms colonizing plastic (PB) and glass bottles (GB). Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to determine the taxonomic composition and abundance of micro- and macroorganisms colonizing artificial, anthropogenic substrates, the trophic relationships between the organisms colonizing these substrates, and the influence of the physicochemical properties of the water on the formation of such assemblages. Studies of micro- and macroorganisms were carried out on the surface of PB and GB in a eutrophic retention basin. Both the species richness and abundance of microorganisms and metazoa were found to be determined by the type of substrate colonized as well as by the physicochemical properties of the water (primarily the content of total organic carbon and biogenic compounds). Furthermore, the trophic structure of microbial assemblages demonstrated seasonal variability. In spring, the substrates were colonized by typical bacterivorous ciliates, whereas in the following seasons there was a larger share of omnivorous species (ciliates and rotifers). This may indicate that the accumulation of various types of anthropogenic waste, in the present case GB and PB, may contribute to changes in the matter and energy cycle, including the carbon cycle, in various microhabitats of aquatic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of Water Quality in Gowain River near Ratargul Swamp Forest, Sylhet, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Md. Nahian ◽  
Md. Sirajul Islam ◽  
Md. Humayun Kabir ◽  
Tanmoy Roy Tusher ◽  
Nargis Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Swamp Forest

This article is based on a study that was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of water in Gowain river at pre-monsoon (February to May), monsoon (June to September) and post-monsoon (October to January) seasons and to determine the relationships between water quality parameters. The water samples were collected from five different sampling stations of Gowain river and analyzed in the laboratory of Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Bangladesh. The results also showed that most of the water quality parameters were suitable for aquatic organisms as well as fish. However, runoff from upstream and waste generated from anthropogenic sources could be the main causes of degradation of water quality and aquatic organisms.

Fine Structural Alterations in Thyroid Follicular Cells (FC) and Changes in Serum Thyroxine Produced by Feeding Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) to Rats

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 498-499
Author(s):  
W.T. Collins ◽  
Charles C. Capen ◽  
Louis Kasza
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Thyroid Follicular Cells ◽  
Peripheral Metabolism

The widespread contamination of the environment with PCB, a compound used extensively by industry in hydraulic and heat transfer fluids as well as plasticizers and solvents in adhesives and sealants, has resulted in detectable tissue levels in a large portion of the human population, domestic animals, and wildlife. Intoxication with PCB produces severe hepatic necrosis, degeneration of lymphoid tissues and kidney, skin lesions, decreased reproductive performance, reduced feed efficiency, and decreased weight gain. PCB also has been reported to reduce the binding of thyroid hormone to serum proteins and enhance the peripheral metabolism of thyroxine with increased excretion of thyroxine-glucuronide in the bile (Bastomsky, Endocrinology 95: 1150-1155, 1974).The objectives of this investigation were (1) to investigate the histopathologic, histochemical, and ultrastructural changes in thyroid FC produced by the acute (4 week) and chronic (12 week) administration of low (50 ppm) and high (500 ppm) doses of PCB to rats, (2) to correlate these alterations to changes in serum immunoreactive thyroxine concentration, and (3) to investigate the persistence of the effects of PCB on the thyroid gland.

Preparation and characterisation of vanadium pentoxide supported rhodium catalyst

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 946-947
Author(s):  
A. Legrouri
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Vanadium Pentoxide ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Rhodium Catalyst ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Reducible Oxides

The industrial importance of metal catalysts supported on reducible oxides has stimulated considerable interest during the last few years. This presentation reports on the study of the physicochemical properties of metallic rhodium supported on vanadium pentoxide (Rh/V2O5). Electron optical methods, in conjunction with other techniques, were used to characterise the catalyst before its use in the hydrogenolysis of butane; a reaction for which Rh metal is known to be among the most active catalysts.V2O5 powder was prepared by thermal decomposition of high purity ammonium metavanadate in air at 400 °C for 2 hours. Previous studies of the microstructure of this compound, by HREM, SEM and gas adsorption, showed it to be non— porous with a very low surface area of 6m2/g3. The metal loading of the catalyst used was lwt%Rh on V2Q5. It was prepared by wet impregnating the support with an aqueous solution of RhCI3.3H2O.

Polychlorinated biphenyl induced hepatocyte alterations

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 716-717
Author(s):  
D.N. Collins ◽  
J.N. Turner ◽  
K.O. Brosch ◽  
R.F. Seegal
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
The Brain

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a ubiquitous class of environmental pollutants with toxic and hepatocellular effects, including accumulation of fat, proliferated smooth endoplasmic recticulum (SER), and concentric membrane arrays (CMAs) (1-3). The CMAs appear to be a membrane storage and degeneration organelle composed of a large number of concentric membrane layers usually surrounding one or more lipid droplets often with internalized membrane fragments (3). The present study documents liver alteration after a short term single dose exposure to PCBs with high chlorine content, and correlates them with reported animal weights and central nervous system (CNS) measures. In the brain PCB congeners were concentrated in particular regions (4) while catecholamine concentrations were decreased (4-6). Urinary levels of homovanillic acid a dopamine metabolite were evaluated (7).Wistar rats were gavaged with corn oil (6 controls), or with a 1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 in corn oil at 500 or 1000 mg total PCB/kg (6 at each level).

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