Feature. Waste Product Use Helps Paper Industry Control Pollution

1968 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 676-682
Author(s):  
Irwin Pearl
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Product Use

scholarly journals Growth of wood-inhabiting yeasts of the Faroe Islands in the presence of spent sulphite liquor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Rönnander ◽  
Sandra Ann Ingela Wright
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Faroe Islands ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Acid Hydrolysate ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Spent Sulphite Liquor ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Decaying Wood ◽  
Similar Growth

AbstractIn the microbial community of decaying wood, yeasts are important for the recycling of nutrients. Nevertheless, information on their biodiversity in this niche in the Northern hemisphere is limited. Wood-colonising yeasts encounter identical and similar growth-inhibitory compounds as those in spent sulphite liquor (SSL), an energy-rich, acid hydrolysate and waste product from the paper industry, which may render them well-suited for cultivation in SSL. In the present study, yeasts were isolated from decaying wood on the Faroe Islands and identified based on sequence homology of the ITS and D1/D2 regions. Among the yeasts isolated, Candida argentea, Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum, Naganishia albidosimilis, Naganishia onofrii, Holtermanniella takashimae and Goffeauzyma gastrica were new to decaying wood in cold and temperate climates. C. argentea and Rhodotorula are rarely-isolated species, with no previous documentation from cold and maritime climates. The isolates were further tested for growth in a medium with increasing concentrations of softwood SSL. Most grew in the presence of 10% SSL. Isolates of Debaryomyces sp., C. argentea and Rhodotorula sp. were the most tolerant. Representatives of Debaryomyces and Rhodotorula have previously been found in decaying wood. In contrast, the least tolerant isolates belonged to species that are rarely reported from decaying wood. The relative importance of individual inhibitors to yeast growth is discussed. To our knowledge, none of the present yeast species have previously been cultivated in SSL medium. Decaying wood can be a useful future source of yeasts for valorisation of various hydrolysates to industrial chemicals and biofuels.

scholarly journals Degradation and polymerization of black liquor lignin using Bacillus sp. isolated from a pulp mill

BioResources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1049-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nipatcharaporn Sapapporn ◽  
Sirilux Chaijamrus ◽  
Wassana Chatdumrong ◽  
Tochampa
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
First Time

A strain of Bacillus bacteria, which was able to increase the molecular weight (M) of black liquor (BL) lignin through polymerization, enabling the subsequent industrial use of lignin, was isolated and characterized. This study is believed to be the first time that actual bacteria cells, rather than pure laccase, have been used to polymerize BL lignin. Black liquor is a toxic waste product from the pulp and paper industry that contains lignin. However, the M of lignin is too low for commercial use. The bacteria performed two processes. First, the bacteria produced laccase, which degraded lignin into low M aromatic compounds (LMWACs). Second, the laccase transformed the LMWACs into quinone intermediates, which polymerized and became high M lignin. Five bacterial strains were isolated from a pulp mill, and the best strain was selected. The optimum growing conditions and BL concentration were determined. The optimum growth conditions when using pure lignin were 1 g/L lignin, 5 g/L urea, and 35 °C. When using BL instead of pure lignin, the optimum concentration was 2% BL (v/v). This information could help develop effective industrial utilization of BL lignin.

Evaluation of kinetic parameter and mechanical Properties of biobased Epoxy Adhesives in Wood-based Composites for Automotive Applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440702096190
Author(s):  
A Aniol ◽  
T Grosse ◽  
F Fischer ◽  
S Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Epoxy Adhesive ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Kinetic Behavior ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Automotive Components ◽  
Epoxy Adhesives

The relevance of sustainable structural materials is increasing in automotive components for sustainable construction. The sustainable material wood in particular can be used due to the very good specific mechanical material properties and has a high potential to be used as a structural material in hybrid constructions for the automotive components as an veneer laminate with modified epoxy adhesives. The material properties depend strongly on the interface between the capillary structure of the wood and the epoxy adhesive and also on the curing properties at the manufacturing process. In this study an epoxy adhesive (DGEBA) was copolymerized with lignosulphonate, a biobased waste product from the pulp and paper industry, as a sustainable coupling agent and the kinetic behavior of the macromolecular curing reactions and mechanical properties were characterized for wooden automotive components. The composites were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to investigate the curing kinetics of the biomodified adhesive. Subsequent a laminated veneer lumber was manufactured with beech veneer of 1 mm thickness. The mechanical properties of the composite structure were characterized by tensile tests, bending tests and tensile shear tests. The results show a significant improvement of the manufacturing time due to the kinetic behavior and the mechanical properties for structural components in the automotive industry.

Proper use of rice straw black liquor: lignin/silica derivatives as efficient green antioxidants for SBR rubber

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khlood S. Abdel Zaher ◽  
R.H. Swellem ◽  
Galal A.M. Nawwar ◽  
Fathy M. Abdelrazek ◽  
Salwa H. El-Sabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the efficiency of lignin/silica and calcium lignate/calcium silicate as natural antioxidants in styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) vulcanizates. Design/methodology/approach – It has been found that thermal aging data of the aged sample revealed that SBR vulcanizate undergoes crosslink reactions that lead to embrittlement and ultimately failure. Incorporation of lignin/silica or calcium lignate/calcium silicate, however, resulted in significant improvement of the degradation profile of the vulcanizates at 90±1°C. Loss of tensile strength and flexibility during aging of the SBR compounds with 8 phr lignin/silica or calcium lignate/calcium silicate was mild relative to unfilled polymer, indicating a restricted degradation due to the presence of the investigated compounds. The results obtained revealed that the investigated compounds are good antioxidant, and the evaluation was confirmed by physico-mechanical properties of the vulcanizates, FT-IR spectroscopy, transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscope. Findings – It was noticed that SBR vulcanizates having 8 phr of lignin/silica or calcium lignate/calcium silicate exhibited the best mechanical properties in comparison with other concentrations (1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 phr). Also, results revealed that the lignin/silica derivatives are efficient antioxidants in SBR vulcanizates compared to vulcanizates containing conventional antioxidants used in rubber industry, namely polymerized 2,2,4-trimethyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline (TMQ), and N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-P-phenylenediamine (IPPD). Research limitations/implications – All these results indicated that lignin/silica and calcium lignate/calcium silicate in SBR had good heat resistance and aging resistance, calcium lignate/calcium silicate has an application limitation as not all vulcanizates need to use CaCO3/calcium salts. Practical implications – Lignin is usually seen as a waste product of pulp and paper industry and is often used as fuel for the energy balance of the pulping process. It is simple isolation along with silica from rice straw and using it as an antioxidant added further practical utility for this waste. Originality/value – The importance of lignin/silica derivatives is arisen from their biodegradability and their ease availability from rice straw black liquor.

Predictive Factors for High Blood Product Use in Patients with Acute Stanford Type A Dissection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Schafigh ◽  
M. Hamiko ◽  
W. Schiller ◽  
H. Treede ◽  
C. Probst
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Blood Product ◽  
Type A ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Type A Dissection

Co-cooking nonwoods with hardwoods

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
TROY RUNGE ◽  
CHUNHUI ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Xylan Content

Agricultural residues and energy crops are promising resources that can be utilized in the pulp and paper industry. This study examines the potential of co-cooking nonwood materials with hardwoods as means to incorporate nonwood material into a paper furnish. Specifically, miscanthus, switchgrass, and corn stover were substituted for poplar hardwood chips in the amounts of 10 wt %, 20 wt %, and 30 wt %, and the blends were subjected to kraft pulping experiments. The pulps were then bleached with an OD(EP)D sequence and then refined and formed into handsheets to characterize their physical properties. Surprisingly, all three co-cooked pulps showed improved strength properties (up to 35%). Sugar measurement of the pulps by high-performance liquid chromatography suggested that the strength increase correlated with enriched xylan content.

Corrosion monitoring and root cause identification in high solids concentrators

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 467-477
Author(s):  
PASI NIEMELAINEN ◽  
MARTTI PULLIAINEN ◽  
JARMO KAHALA ◽  
SAMPO LUUKKAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
High Solids ◽  
Passive Area

Black liquor high solids (about 80%) concentrators have often been found to suffer from aggressive corrosion. In particular, the first and second effect bodies are susceptible to corrosion attacks resulting in tube leaks and wall thinning, which limit the availability and lifetime of evaporator lines. Corrosion dynamics and construction materials have been studied extensively within the pulp and paper industry to understand the corrosion process. However, it has been challenging to identify root causes for corrosion, which has limited proactive measures to minimize corrosion damage. Corrosion of the first phase concentrator was studied by defining the potential regions for passive area, stress corrosion cracking, pitting corrosion, and general corrosion. This was achieved by using a technique called polarization scan that reveals ranges for the passive area in which the equipment is naturally protected against corrosion. The open circuit potential, also known as corrosion potential, and linear polarization resistance of the metal were monitored online, which allowed for definition of corrosion risks for stainless steel 304L and duplex stainless steels 2205 and SAF 2906. An online temperature measurement added insight to the analysis. A process diagnostics tool was used to identify root causes of the corrosion attacks. Many of the root causes were related to process conditions triggering corrosion. Once the metal surface was activated, it was difficult to repassivate the metal naturally unless a sufficient potential range was reached.

Creating adaptive predictions for packaging-critical quality parameters using advanced analytics and machine learning

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 679-689
Author(s):  
CYDNEY RECHTIN ◽  
CHITTA RANJAN ◽  
ANTHONY LEWIS ◽  
BETH ANN ZARKO
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fast Change ◽  
The Face ◽  
Model Tuning ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Time Critical

Packaging manufacturers are challenged to achieve consistent strength targets and maximize production while reducing costs through smarter fiber utilization, chemical optimization, energy reduction, and more. With innovative instrumentation readily accessible, mills are collecting vast amounts of data that provide them with ever increasing visibility into their processes. Turning this visibility into actionable insight is key to successfully exceeding customer expectations and reducing costs. Predictive analytics supported by machine learning can provide real-time quality measures that remain robust and accurate in the face of changing machine conditions. These adaptive quality “soft sensors” allow for more informed, on-the-fly process changes; fast change detection; and process control optimization without requiring periodic model tuning. The use of predictive modeling in the paper industry has increased in recent years; however, little attention has been given to packaging finished quality. The use of machine learning to maintain prediction relevancy under everchanging machine conditions is novel. In this paper, we demonstrate the process of establishing real-time, adaptive quality predictions in an industry focused on reel-to-reel quality control, and we discuss the value created through the availability and use of real-time critical quality.

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