XAB2 Dynamics during DNA Damage-Dependent Transcription Inhibition

Xeroderma Pigmentosum group A (XPA)-binding protein 2 (XAB2) is a multi-functional protein that plays a critical role in distinct cellular processes including transcription, splicing, DNA repair and mRNA export. In this study, we detailed XAB2 involvement during Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), a repair pathway that guarantees genome integrity against UV light-induced DNA damage and that specifically removes transcription-blocking damage in a dedicated process known as Transcription-Coupled repair (TC-NER). Here, we demonstrated that XAB2 is involved specifically and exclusively in TC-NER reaction and solely for RNA Polymerase 2 transcribed genes. Surprisingly, contrary to all the other NER proteins studied so far, XAB2 does not accumulate on the local UV-C damage but on the contrary is remobilized after damage induction. This fast change in mobility is restored when DNA repair reactions are completed. By scrutinizing from which cellular complex/partner/structure XAB2 is released, we have identified that XAB2 is detached after DNA damage induction from the DNA:RNA hybrids, commonly known as R-loops, and the CSA and XPG protein and this release is thought to contribute to the DNA damage recognition step during TC-NER. Importantly, we have disclosed a role for XAB2 in retaining RNAP2 on its substrate.

The rate of environmental change as an important driver across scales in ecology

Global change has been predominantly studied from the prism of ‘how much’ rather than ‘how fast’ change occurs. The paradigm underlying the former assumes that a smooth change in an environmental driver can force a regime shift between alternative states (Bifurcation-tipping). This presupposes that environmental conditions change at a rate which allows the ecological entity to track them and thus reach equilibrium. However, current rates of environmental change are often too fast for this paradigm to apply, necessitating a shift in approach to improve predictions on the impacts of rapid environmental change. The theory of rate-induced tipping (Rate-tipping) demonstrates how rates of environmental change can cause tipping phenomena even in the absence of alternative states. We illustrate how Rate-tipping can apply to a range of ecological scenarios and explore the literature for properties which increase the sensitivity to rates of change. Further, we discuss how targeted empirical studies can investigate the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms through which rate-induced phenomena can propagate across levels of organisation. Finally, we argue for the inclusion of Rate-tipping in the study of global change as the first step towards the theoretical synthesis necessary to account for multiple stressors impacting ecological entities simultaneously.

RECENT TRENDS IN BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

Trade is the tertiary production type of business in economic activities and business is economic activity is also known as Pink Color Workers. In this business, mainly goods are exchanged. In short, buying and selling goods is a trade or a business. This research paper is based on the secondary information material. This research paper provides nautical analysis of the various types of current occupations and how they are managed or attempts to conduct descriptive or theoretical studies. The type of trade and its management before the industrial revolution was very different from modern times, and the development of technology after the industrial revolution led to major changes in the form and method of trade and its management, and in the 21st century the development of technology thus vary fast change of business trend and management. The main objective of this research paper is recent trends in business and management with the aim of conducting a thirty trend study. KEY WORDS: Recent Trends, Business, Management, Tertiary Production, Pink Color Workers.

Poverty transitions in severe mental illness: longitudinal analysis of social drift in China, 1994–2015

Background Although poverty associated with severe mental illness (SMI) has been documented in many studies, little long-term evidence of social drift exists. This study aimed to unravel the poverty transitions among persons with SMI in a fast change community in China. Methods Two mental health surveys, using the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10), were conducted in the same six townships of Xinjin county, Chengdu, China in 1994 and 2015. A total of 308 persons with SMI identified in 1994 were followed up in 2015. The profiles of poverty transitions were identified and regression modelling methods were applied to determine the predictive factors of poverty transitions. Results The poverty rate of persons with SMI increased from 39.9% to 49.4% in 1994 and 2015. A larger proportion of them had fallen into poverty (27.3%) rather than moved out of it (17.8%). Those persons with SMI who had lost work ability, had physical illness and more severe mental disabilities in 1994, as well as those who had experienced negative changes on these factors were more likely to live in persistent poverty or fall into poverty. Higher education level and medical treatment were major protective factors of falling into poverty. Conclusions This study shows long-term evidence on the social drift of persons with SMI during the period of rapid social development in China. Further targeted poverty alleviation interventions should be crucial for improving treatment and mental recovery and alleviating poverty related to SMI.

Transformasi Manajemen Badan Usaha Milik Negara di Era Persaingan Global (Studi Pada PT. Pos Indonesia, Kota Metro Tahun 2019)

Management transformation is a change in form, nature, function, which focuses on the use of resources effectively and efficiently in achieving organizational goals. Tight competition globally and nationally, especially in the field of logistics delivery, makes PT. POS Indonesia creates transformation, so that it can compete competitively and improve public services as a SOEs. This study aims to describe and analyze the transformation of the POS Indonesia office, especially the Metro POS office, so that it can become a reference for the transformation and management strategies carried out by PT. POS Indonesia. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, documentation, and observation. The focus of this research is the transformation of the management of the Metro Post Office and the causes of the failure of the transformation of Metro POS Office Management. The latest findings in this study are reveals, strategies of transformation and bureaucratic ineffectiveness that are too long, centralized decisions, innovations that are not fast, change is not holistic. It is hoped that this research can become a reference for science and become a consideration in decision making, for the object of research, namely the Metro POS Office to be able to continue to compete.

Analiza fizikalnih lastnosti šotnega substrata

<p>Peat substrate is the main substrate for plant production, mainly for the cultivation of vegetable seedlings and ornamental plants. Peat has good water retention properties, low mass, low pH and is free from diseases and pests. The water retention properties are particularly important for optimizing irrigation and thus water consumption in plant production. We investigated the water retention properties of unused and used peat substrate and various mixtures with additives, as well as the occurrence of water repellency, as this influences water absorption into the substrate. Unused peat substrate and different mixtures retained between 3.4 % and 18.4 % more water than the used substrate. The daily water losses are lower for the used substrates that initially contain lower water content at full saturation. At tensions between 10 and 33 kPa, the unused peat substrate contained between 25 % and 32 % water. The wilting point (WP) for unused peat substrate (tension between 300 and 1500 kPa) was between 15 and 18 %. Peat substrate has a wide interval of field capacity and the transition from the field capacity to wilting point is fast (change in water content between 7 % and 10 %). After drying, the water repellency of both unused and used peat substrates increased.</p>

Correction of a lunar irradiance model for aerosol optical depth retrieval and comparison with star photometer

The emergence of Moon photometers is allowing measurements of lunar irradiance over the world and increasing the potential to derive aerosol optical depth (AOD) at night-time, that is very relevant in polar areas. Actually, new photometers implement the latest technological advances that permit lunar irradiance measurements together with classical Sun photometry measurements. However, a proper use of these instruments for AOD retrieval requires accurate time-dependent knowledge of the extraterrestrial lunar irradiance over time, due to its fast change throughout the Moon's cycle. This paper uses the RIMO model (an implementation of the ROLO model) to estimate the AOD at night-time assuming that the calibration of the solar channels can be transferred to the Moon by a vicarious method. However, the obtained AOD values using a Cimel CE318-T Sun/sky/Moon photometer for 98 pristine nights with low and stable AOD at the Izaña Observatory (Tenerife, Spain) are not in agreement with the expected (low and stable) AOD values, estimated by linear interpolations from daytime values obtained during the previous evening and the following morning. Actually, AOD calculated using RIMO shows negative values and with a marked cycle dependent on the optical airmass. The differences between the AOD obtained using RIMO and the expected values are assumed to be associated with inaccuracies in the RIMO model, and these differences are used to calculate the RIMO correction factor (RCF). The RCF is a proposed correction factor that, multiplied by RIMO value, gives an effective extraterrestrial lunar irradiance that provides the expected AOD values. The RCF varies with the Moon phase angle (MPA) and with wavelength, ranging from 1.01 to 1.14, which reveals an overall underestimation of RIMO to the lunar irradiance. These obtained RCF values are modeled for each photometer wavelength to a second order polynomial as function of MPA. The AOD derived by this proposed method is compared with the independent AOD measurements obtained by a star photometer at Granada (Spain) for two years. The mean of the Moon-star AOD differences are between −0.015 and −0.005 and the standard deviation between 0.03 and 0.04 (which is reduced to about 0.01 if one month of data affected by instrumental issues is not included in the analysis), for 440, 500, 675 ad 870 nm; however, for 380 nm, the mean and standard deviation of these differences are higher. The Moon-star AOD differences are also analyzed as a function of MPA, showing no significant dependence.