Smoking during Pregnancy and Plasma Concentrations of beta-Carotene and alpha-Tocopherol in the Immediate Postpartum Period in Brazilian Women

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silmara ◽  
Rondó ◽  
Bergamaschi ◽  
Mastroeni
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Lipid Ratio ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between plasma concentrations of beta-carotene and the alpha-tocopherol/lipid ratio, and smoking in 233 postpartum women, from July to November 2002, in the city of Joinville, Brazil. Thirty-seven percent (37%) of the women included in this study had low concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (< 11.63 mumol/L) and 61% of the women presented low concentrations of beta-carotene (< 0.39 mumol/L). Multivariate regression analysis investigated the relationship between smoking and the concentration of the vitamins, adjusting by confounding variables. The final regression model showed inverse associations between beta-carotene concentrations and smoking (p = 0.036), and beta-carotene concentrations and triglyceride levels (p = 0.021). There was an association between the plasma alpha-tocopherol/lipid ratio and per capita income (p = 0.003), but no association with smoking. We advise further studies to evaluate the impact of smoking and oxidative stress on the concentrations of these vitamins.

Relationship Between Smoking, Dietary Intakes and Plasma Levels of Vitamin E and beta-Carotene in Matched Maternal-cord Pairs

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiely ◽  
Cogan ◽  
Kearney ◽  
Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Lipid Ratios

The concentrations of tocopherols and carotenoids are lowered in umbilical cord blood plasma, which may have a negative effect on antioxidant protection in neonates. Smoking may adversely affect dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of carotenoids. The dietary intakes of vitamin E and beta-carotene were assessed in 66 pregnant women (31 smokers and 35 non-smokers) between 10 and 20 weeks gestation using a food frequency questionnaire. The concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene were measured in maternal plasma at the time of the dietary assessment, and in the matched umbilical cords of their newborn after delivery. In smoking and non-smoking mothers, the mean intakes of vitamin E (9.3 [SD 5] and 8.2 [SD 5] mgd–1) and beta-carotene (3464 [SD 1885] and 2977 [SD 1503] mugd–1) were not significantly different. The plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (20.8 [SD 4] and 20.5 [SD 4] mumolL–1), the alpha-tocopherol to lipid ratios (3.2 [SD 0.8] and 3.5 [SD 0.8]) and the plasma concentrations of beta-carotene (0.22 [SD 0.1] and 0.22 [SD 0.1] mumolL–1) were not significantly different in smoking and non-smoking mothers. There were no significant differences in plasma alpha-tocopherol (7.4 [SD 2] and 7.3 [SD 2] mumolL–1), in alpha-tocopherol to lipid ratios (3.2 [SD 0.6] and 2.8 [SD 0.6]) or in beta-carotene concentrations (0.05 [SD 0.04] and 0.03 [SD 0.02] mumolL–1) in cords from newborns of smoking and non-smoking mothers. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.41, P = 0.015) between dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of beta-carotene in non-smoking mothers. However, this relationship was not significant in smoking mothers (r = 0.28, P = 0.12). There were no relationships between dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of tocopherol. These results indicate that smoking during pregnancy does not appear to affect the dietary intakes or plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene in pregnant women or their babies. However, smoking does influence the relationship between dietary intakes and plasma levels of beta-carotene.

scholarly journals Association of body condition with lameness in dairy cattle: a single-farm longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Michaela Kranepuhl ◽  
Detlef May ◽  
Edna Hillmann ◽  
Lorenz Gygax
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This research communication describes the relationship between the occurrence of lameness and body condition score (BCS) in a sample of 288 cows from a single farm that were repeatedly scored in the course of 9 months while controlling for confounding variables. The relationship between BCS and lameness was evaluated using generalised linear mixed-effects models. It was found that the proportion of lame cows was higher with decreasing but also with increasing BCS, increased with lactation number and decreased with time since the last claw trimming. This is likely to reflect the importance of sufficient body condition in the prevention of lameness but also raises the question of the impact of overcondition on lameness and the influence of claw trimming events on the assessment of lameness. A stronger focus on BCS might allow improved management of lameness that is still one of the major problems in housed cows.

Effects of Dietary Taurocholate, Fat and Protein on the Storage and Metabolism of Dietary beta-Carotene and alpha-Tocopherol in Ferrets

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundaresan ◽  
Marmillot ◽  
Liu ◽  
Mitchell ◽  
Grundel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Tissue Storage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

Dietary factors affecting tissue storage of beta-carotene (BC), alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T), and retinol (ROL) in mammals include taurocholate, protein, and fat. Few studies have examined the effects of these factors on the storage of BC, retinyl esters, and alpha-T in a mammalian system that is similar to humans. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effects of taurocholate (TC), fat, and protein on the absorption and metabolism of BC and alpha-T in ferret tissues. Three 4-week experiments were conducted using groups of 5–6 ferrets per treatment. All diets contained 0.2% BC. In Experiment 1, taurocholate was fed at concentrations of 0, 0.5, or 1%. Effects of two concentrations of dietary fat (6 and 23%) and three concentrations of protein (10, 20, and 40%) were also studied in Experiments 2 and 3, respectively. Tissues were analyzed for BC, retinoids, and alpha-T by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Taurocholate enhanced hepatic and plasma concentrations of BC (2.3- to 3-fold), retinyl palmitate [(RP) 3.2- to 9.5-fold], retinyl stearate [(RS) 2.9- to 6- fold], and hepatic alpha-T (6- to13- fold) at p < 0.05. High-fat diets elevated hepatic BC, RP, RS, and retinyl linoleate (RL) concentrations (2- to 3.6-fold, p < 0.05). In contrast, high-protein diets lowered hepatic RL 1.8-fold and alpha-T 8-fold (p < 0.05). Our results indicate the importance of taurocholate, fat, and protein in achieving adequate levels of vitamins A and E in mammals.

Obesity and Plasma Concentrations of Alpha-Tocopherol and Beta-Carotene in Epileptic Girls Treated with Valproate

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Verrotti ◽  
Rita Greco ◽  
Giuseppe Latini ◽  
Michele De Simone ◽  
Francesco Chiarelli
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol

Estimate of antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in plasma of healthy subjects

Open Medicine ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Anna Gorąca ◽  
Beata Skibska
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Total Antioxidant

AbstractSerum contains various antioxidant molecules that may provide important protection against free radical attack. The aim of this work was to assess the total antioxidant capacity of plasma and a marker of lipid per oxidation [(thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)] in plasma of healthy smoking and non-smoking young and elderly subjects. In addition, we investigated plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and ascorbic acid. In in vitro experiments, the effects of exogenous compounds (ascorbic acid, uric acid, Trolox) on total ferric-reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) were also tested. We demonstrated that total antioxidant capacity of plasma obtained from healthy non-smoking young subjects was significantly higher than plasma antioxidant capacity of smoking elderly subjects. The concentration of TBARS in young non-smoking volunteers was lower than that in young smokers. The concentration of TBARS in elderly non-smoking volunteers was lower than in elderly smokers. Plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid were significantly lower in elderly smoker than in elderly non-smokers of the same age. No difference in the plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid were found in 22-year-old smoking and non-smoking subjects. In vitro addition of ascorbic acid, uric acid, or Trolox to plasma samples significantly increased their total antioxidant capacity. Decrease of FRAP values and increase of TBARS concentrations is a significant physiologic condition of the aging process. Supplementation of antioxidants could be useful for the enhancement of antioxidant screen in plasma.

scholarly journals Openness and Communication Effects on Relationship Satisfaction in Women Experiencing Infertility or Miscarriage: A Dyadic Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5721
Author(s):  
Ewa Kiełek-Rataj ◽  
Anna Wendołowska ◽  
Alicja Kalus ◽  
Dorota Czyżowska
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Dyadic Analysis ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Communication Effects ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Openness and communication between partners are key elements of dyadic coping with stress. Our main research question is: what is the impact of these factors on relational satisfaction in spouses struggling with infertility or miscarriage? In the current study, by applying the actor–partner interdependence model to 90 heterosexual couples (N = 180), we examined the link between the spouses’ openness (the Giessen Test), communication (Flexibility and Cohesion Evaluation Scales) and relationship satisfaction (the Marriage Success Scale). Controlling for relevant covariates (communication, own openness and type of stress experienced by the spouses: infertility or miscarriage), a dyadic analysis revealed significant actor (−0.24; p < 0.001) and partner effects (−0.20; p < 0.001). We conclude that the relationship between the perception of the partner’s openness and the relationship satisfaction in women is strong, in the context of the analyzed potential confounding variables. We also observe that the relationship satisfaction in women from the group of infertile spouses is 6.06 points lower compared to women from the group of marriages after miscarriage (p = 0.034).

scholarly journals Antioxidants Supplementation in Elderly Cardiovascular Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilde Otero-Losada ◽  
Susana Vila ◽  
F. Azzato ◽  
José Milei
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients

Supplementation with antioxidants and its benefit-risk relationship have been largely discussed in the elderly population. We evaluated whether antioxidants supplementation improved the biochemical profile associated with oxidative metabolism in elderly cardiovascular patients. Patients (n=112) received daily supplementation withα-TP 400 mg, beta-carotene 40 mg, and vitamin C 1000 mg for 2 months (treatment). Plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (α-TP),β-carotene (βC), ubiquinol-10 (QH-10), glutathione, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined before and after treatment. Response to treatment was dependent on pretreatmentα-TP andβC levels. Increase inα-TP andβC levels was observed only in patients with basal levels <18 μM forα-TP (P<0.01) and <0.30 μM forβC (P<0.02). Ubiquinol-10, glutathione, and TBARS were unaffected by treatment: QH-10 (+57%, F1,110=3.611,P<0.06, and N.S.), glutathione (+21%, F1,110=2.92,P<0.09, and N.S.), and TBARS (−29%, F1,110=2.26,P<0.14, and N.S.). Treatment reduced oxidative metabolism: 5.3% versus 14.6% basal value (F1,110=9.21,P<0.0003). Basal TBARS/α-TP ratio was higher in smokers compared to nonsmokers: 0.11 ± 0.02 versus 0.06 ± 0.01 (F32,80=1.63,P<0.04). Response to antioxidant supplementation was dependent on basal plasma levels ofα-TP andβC. Smoking status was strongly associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and high TBARS/α-TP ratio (lipid peroxidation).

scholarly journals The Impact of Nutrients on Mental Health and Well-Being: Insights From the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Muscaritoli
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

A good nutritional status is important for maintaining normal body function and preventing or mitigating the dysfunction induced by internal or external factors. Nutritional deficiencies often result in impaired function, and, conversely, intakes at recommended levels can resume or further enhance body functions. An increasing number of studies are revealing that diet and nutrition are critical not only for physiology and body composition, but also have significant effects on mood and mental well-being. In particular, Western dietary habits have been the object of several research studies focusing on the relationship between nutrition and mental health. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the relationship between the intake of specific micro- and macronutrients, including eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, alpha-tocopherol, magnesium and folic acid, and mental health, with particular reference to their beneficial effect on stress, sleep disorders, anxiety, mild cognitive impairment, as well as on neuropsychiatric disorders, all significantly affecting the quality of life of an increasing number of people. Overall data support a positive role for the nutrients mentioned above in the preservation of normal brain function and mental well-being, also through the control of neuroinflammation, and encourage their integration in a well-balanced and varied diet, accompanied by a healthy lifestyle. This strategy is of particular importance when considering the global human aging and that the brain suffers significantly from the life-long impact of stress factors.

scholarly journals Effect of supplemental beta-carotene on plasma concentrations of carotenoids, retinol, and alpha-tocopherol in humans

1998 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
S T Mayne ◽  
B Cartmel ◽  
F Silva ◽  
C S Kim ◽  
B G Fallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol

scholarly journals LMNA R482Q Mutation in Partial Lipodystrophy Associated with Reduced Plasma Leptin Concentration*

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 3089-3093
Author(s):  
Robert A. Hegele ◽  
Henian Cao ◽  
Murray W. Huff ◽  
Carol M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Partial Lipodystrophy ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Familial Partial Lipodystrophy ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Mutations in LMNA, which encodes lamins A and C, have been found in patients with autosomal dominant Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD). We analyzed the relationship between plasma leptin and the rare LMNA R482Q mutation in 23 adult FPLD subjects compared with 25 adult family controls with normal LMNA in an extended Canadian FPLD kindred. We found that the LMNA Q482/R482 genotype was a significant determinant of plasma leptin, the ratio of plasma leptin to body mass index (BMI), plasma insulin, and plasma C peptide (P = 0.015, P = 0.0007, P = 0.0004, and P &lt; 0.0001, respectively), but not BMI (P = 0.67). Family members who were heterozygous for LMNA Q482/R482 had significantly lower plasma leptin and leptin:BMI ratio than unaffected R482/R482 homozygotes. Fasting plasma concentrations of insulin and C peptide were both significantly higher in LMNA Q482/R482 heterozygotes than in R482/R482 homozygotes. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the LMNA R482Q genotype accounted for 40.9%, 48.2%, 86.9%, and 81.0%, respectively, of the attributable variation in log leptin, leptin:BMI ratio, log insulin, and log C peptide (P = 0.013, P= 0.0007, P = 0.0002 and P &lt; 0.0001, respectively). The results indicate that a rare FPLD mutation in LMNA determines the plasma leptin concentration. It remains to be established whether the reduction in leptin results from the reduced adipose tissue mass in FPLD or from another subcellular effect of mutant LMNA. It also remains to be established whether the insulin resistance in FPLD is a consequence of the reduced plasma leptin or of another functional change resulting from mutant LMNA.

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