AMH was independently associated with central obesity but not with general obesity in women with PCOS

Objective: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is recognized as the most important biomarker for ovarian reserve. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to explore the potential association of AMH with central obesity or general obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 179 patients with PCOS were enrolled and underwent anthropometric measurements (BMI and waist circumference (WC)) and serum AMH level detection. Pearson's correlation and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations of AMH with central obesity and general obesity. Results: Subjects with the increasing of body mass index (BMI) showed significantly lower values of AMH (median (IQR) 8.95 (6.03-13.60) ng/mL in normal weight group, 6.57 (4.18-8.77) ng/mL in overweight group, and 6.03 (4.34-9.44) ng/mL in obesity group, respectively, p=0.001), but higher levels of systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and obesity indices (WC, hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI)) respectively. Compared with the group of PCOS women without central obesity, the group with central obesity had significantly lower value of AMH (median (IQR) 8.56(5.29-12.96) vs. 6.22(4.33-8.82) ng/mL; p=0.003). Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that AMH were significantly and negatively correlated with BMI (r=-0.280; p<0.001), WC (r=-0.263; p<0.001), WHtR (r=-0.273; p<0.001), and CVAI (r=-0.211; p=0.006) respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounding factors showed that AMH was independently and negatively associated with central obesity, but was not significantly associated with general obesity. Conclusions: AMH was independently and negatively associated with central obesity. Closely monitoring WC and AMH should be addressed in terms of assessing ovarian reserve in women with PCOS.

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Obesity and Central Obesity in Indonesian Urban Communities

Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan ◽

10.36590/jika.v2i3.74 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 118-127

Author(s):

Septiyanti Septiyanti ◽

Seniwati Seniwati

Keyword(s):

Urban Communities ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Sectional Study ◽

General Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The World

Obesity is a problem in various parts of the world where its prevalence is increasing rapidly, both in developed and developing countries Obesity can occur because of an imbalance between the energy from the food that comes in, which is greater than the energy used by the body. This study aimed to see the characteristics of obesity and central obesity in adult society in urban areas of Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional study, by analyzing advanced data on Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in the biomedical field. The results of this study indicated that in general obesity and central obesity increase with age, with the highest prevalence being at the age of 40-59 years. Both obesity and central obesity were more prevalent in female subjects. Obesity and central obesity were also more common among subjects who graduated from high school and who work as housewives. Subjects of obesity and central obesity experienced more abnormalities in biomedical examination than those with normal BMI and abdominal circumference. For this reason, it is advisable to maintain a normal BMI and abdominal circumference, especially for adults. This study proves that there are significant differences in biomedical examination in those who are obese and not obese.

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Assessment of Vitamin B12 and Its Correlation with Dental Caries and Gingival Diseases in 10- to 14-year-old Children: A Cross-sectional Study

International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1424 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 142-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laresh Mistry ◽

Neha S Dhariwal ◽

Andleeb Majeed ◽

Chandrashekhar Badakar

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Oral Examination ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pearson’S Correlation ◽

Gingival Diseases ◽

Pearson's Correlation

ABSTRACT Aim To assess the level of vitamin B12 and correlate it with dental caries [decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) score] and gingival diseases [plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI)]. Design Healthy children according to the inclusion criteria were selected by the computerized randomization method from a school to assess the vitamin B12 levels using Centaur/Versace machine. Materials and methods Blood samples were collected to assess vitamin B12 levels using automated analyzer. Oral examination was done by a single calibrated dentist. A thorough oral examination was carried out and the DMFT, PI, and GI scores of all the children were recorded and assessed. Data were analyzed using Karl Pearson's correlation test. Results Vitamin B12 levels were deficient in 64% of the children. In boys, vitamin B12 deficiency was found in about 76.2%, whereas, in girls it was 57.1%, which was not statistically significant. The vitamin B12 deficient children showed a significantly high DMFT scores than the children with normal vitamin B12 levels. The Pearson's correlation was –0.614 for DMFT, PI value –0.663, and GI value of –0.477. The negative correlation stated that there was a reverse relation between these indices and vitamin B12. Conclusion In children with systemic vitamin B12 deficiency, there is increased dental caries prevalence and associated gingival problems. How to cite this article Hugar SM, Dhariwal NS, Majeed A, Badakar C, Gokhale N, Mistry L. Assessment of Vitamin B12 and Its Correlation with Dental Caries and Gingival Diseases in 10- to 14-year-old Children: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):142-146.

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Assessment of diabetes and prediabetes prevalence and predictors by HbA1c in a population from sub-Saharan Africa with a high proportion of anemia: a prospective cross-sectional study

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000939 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e000939

Author(s):

Nikolai Carl Hodel ◽

Ali Hamad ◽

Klaus Reither ◽

Grace Mwangoka ◽

Irene Kasella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pearson’S Correlation ◽

Pearson's Correlation ◽

Sub Saharan

IntroductionEpidemiological data about diabetes mellitus (DM) for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are scarce and the utility of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to diagnose DM is uncertain in African populations with a high proportion of anemia.Research design and methodsIn a cross-sectional study, age-adjusted prevalence rates and predictors for DM and pre-DM were prospectively assessed by HbA1c in a semirural walk-in population of Tanzania (n=992). Predictors for DM were calculated by logistic regression. Correlations between HbA1c, hemoglobin, and blood glucose levels were done by Pearson’s correlation.ResultsOverall, DM and pre-DM prevalence rates were 6.8% (95% CI 5.3 to 8.5) and 25% (95% CI 22.8 to 28.3), respectively. There was an increase in DM prevalence in patients 50–59 (14.9%; 95% CI 9.1 to 22.5), ≥60 years old (18.5%; 95% CI 12.2 to 26.2) and in patients with overweight (9.3%; 95% CI 5.9 to 13.7), obesity (10.9%; 95% CI 6.9 to 16) compared with patients 18–29 years old (2.2%; 95% CI 0.9 to 4.4) (p<0.001) and to normal-weight patients (3.6%; 95% CI 2.1 to 5.6) (p<0.01), respectively. Age (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.12; p<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.16; p<0.001), and acute infection (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.02 to 10.8; p=0.038) were predictors for DM. Comparing patients with a BMI of 20 kg/m2 and a BMI of 35 kg/m2, the relative risk for DM increases in average by 2.12-fold (range 1.91–2.24) across the age groups. Comparing patients 20 years old with patients 70 years old, the relative risk for DM increases in average 9.7-fold (range 8.9–10.4) across the BMI groups. Overall, 333 patients (36%) suffered from anemia. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) between HbA1c and hemoglobin was −0.009 (p=0.779), and between HbA1c and fasting blood glucose and random blood glucose, it was 0.775 and 0.622, respectively (p<0.001).ConclusionWe observed a high prevalence of DM and pre-DM, mainly triggered by increasing age and BMI, and provide evidence that HbA1c is suitable to assess DM also in populations of SSA with high proportions of anemia.Trial registration numberNCT03458338.

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Attitude, Social Presence, and Satisfaction of Dental Students toward E-Learning - A Cross-Sectional Study from Haryana, India

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/557 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (33) ◽

pp. 2728-2733

Author(s):

Shakila Mahesh ◽

Savita Bansal ◽

Kruthiventi Hemalata ◽

Anila Maria Varghese

Keyword(s):

Social Presence ◽

Positive Response ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pearson’S Correlation ◽

E Learning ◽

Pearson's Correlation

BACKGROUND As the epidemic of corona virus disease - 19 (COVID – 19) has struck the entire world, schools and colleges had to shut, there was a sudden shift from in-person education to online education which became difficult for the institutions. There was a distinctive rise of e-learning and this method of learning has several amazing features that would be useful for use during this period as this will constitute a new and fantasizing method of learning for the students. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. The study participants were the students from dental college in Faridabad from 1st year to the final year of under graduate (UG) program. The total number of participants were 340 students. An online questionnaire was designed and given to students through the platform, google forms. This questionnaire consisted of three parameters - attitude, social presence, and student satisfaction. RESULTS Among the 340 students, 40 % of the students were males and 60 % of them were females. The three domains measured attitude, social presence, and satisfaction; to elearning had fourteen, seven and nine questions respectively. Pearson’s correlation test was applied, P - value was significant at P ˂ 0.05. When the three perspectives of e-learning were correlated with e-learners using pearson’s correlation coefficient, it was found that there was a very strong positive correlation among these three domains (P = 0.0001 for all three perspectives).The correlation between the three perspectives of e-learning, attitude versus social presence was 0.773, attitude versus satisfaction was 0.756 and social presence versus satisfaction was 0.794. CONCLUSIONS A predominantly positive response has been observed for satisfaction aspect. The results showed a positive response as it was seen in other surveys. When it comes to the social presence, the study shows that the online setting becomes impersonal but the comfort in collaboration is better than offline model. KEY WORDS Learning, COVID - 19 Pandemic, Attitude, Satisfaction, Social Presence, Dental Students

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Several Components of the Lebanese Mediterranean Diet and Particular Sociodemographic, Medical and Lifestyle Factors may be Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Adults: A Cross-sectional Study in a Middle Eastern Setting

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401316999200518095448 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 82-93

Author(s):

Mary-Joe Youssef ◽

Antoine Aoun ◽

Aline Issa ◽

Lana El-Osta ◽

Nada El-Osta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gerd Symptoms

Background: The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is increasing worldwide and the related chronic symptoms can be associated with morbidity and poor quality of life. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify foods and beverages consumed by the Lebanese population, dietary habits, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, health parameters and perceived stress, implicated in increasing GERD symptoms. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was carried among Lebanese adults in 2016. A convenient sample of 264 participants was equally divided into a GERD group and a control group. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle, health status and dietary habits including Lebanese traditional dishes were collected. The perceived stress scale (PSS) was also used to assess the participants’ perception of stress. Logistic regression analyses were conducted with GERD symptoms (presence or absence) being the dependent variable. Results: The GERD symptoms were significantly associated with age (-p-value=0.017), family history of GERD symptoms (-p-value<0.001), smoking (-p-value=0.003) and chronic medical conditions (-p-value<.001). Regarding the dietary factors, participants who ate three meals or less/day, between meals and outside homes were 2.5, 2.9 and 2.4 times at a higher risk of experiencing GERD symptoms than others, respectively. Moreover, the logistic regression model showed that the GERD symptoms were significantly associated with the consumption of coffee (-p-value=0.037), Lebanese sweets (-p-value=0.027), fried foods (-p-value=0.031), ‘Labneh’ with garlic (-p-value<0.001), pomegranate molasses (-p-value=0.011), and tomatoes (-p-value=0.007). Conclusion: Some specific lifestyle factors and components of the Lebanese Mediterranean diet could be associated with GERD symptoms.

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Gut Microbiota Profile and Its Association with Clinical Variables and Dietary Intake in Overweight/Obese and Lean Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13062032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 2032

Author(s):

Judit Companys ◽

Maria José Gosalbes ◽

Laura Pla-Pagà ◽

Lorena Calderón-Pérez ◽

Elisabet Llauradó ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Clinical Variables ◽

Obese Subjects

We aimed to differentiate gut microbiota composition of overweight/obese and lean subjects and to determine its association with clinical variables and dietary intake. A cross-sectional study was performed with 96 overweight/obese subjects and 32 lean subjects. Anthropometric parameters were positively associated with Collinsella aerofaciens, Dorea formicigenerans and Dorea longicatena, which had higher abundance the overweight/obese subjects. Moreover, different genera of Lachnospiraceae were negatively associated with body fat, LDL and total cholesterol. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were negatively associated with the genus Intestinimonas, a biomarker of the overweight/obese group, whereas SFAs were positively associated with Roseburia, a biomarker for the lean group. In conclusion, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena and Collinsella aerofaciens could be considered obesity biomarkers, Lachnospiraceae is associated with lipid cardiovascular risk factors. SFAs exhibited opposite association profiles with butyrate-producing bacteria depending on the BMI. Thus, the relationship between diet and microbiota opens new tools for the management of obesity.

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Predictors of HIV/AIDS comprehensive knowledge and acceptance attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS among unmarried young females in Uganda: a cross-sectional study

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01176-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tesfaldet Mekonnen Estifanos ◽

Chen Hui ◽

Afewerki Weldezgi Tesfai ◽

Mekonnen Estifanos Teklu ◽

Matiwos Araya Ghebrehiwet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Young Females ◽

Comprehensive Knowledge ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Youth in general and young females, in particular, remain at the center of HIV/AIDS epidemic. To avoid and prevent HIV infection, comprehensive knowledge as well as correct understanding of transmission and prevention strategies are crucial. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the predictors of comprehensive knowledge on HIV/AIDS and accepting attitude towards PLWHIV. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic Health Survey. A two-stage probability sampling method was applied and data were collected using a standard questionnaire. Of the total 8674 women aged 15–49 years, 1971 eligible women aged 15–24 years were included in this analysis. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23. A Chi-square test followed by logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between specific explanatory variables and outcome variables. The results were reported using odds ratios with 95% confidence interval. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Overall, 99.3% of the unmarried women aged 15–24 years were aware of HIV/AIDS, but only 51.9% had comprehensive knowledge on HIV/AIDS. Around 70% of the respondents were aware that "using condoms every time when having sex" and "having only one faithful uninfected partner" can prevent HIV transmission. About 68% of the unmarried women rejected at least two common local misconceptions about HIV/AIDS. An alarmingly small (20.6%) proportion of the respondents had a positive acceptance attitude towards PLWHIV. All variables were significantly associated with having comprehensive knowledge on HIV/AIDS in the unadjusted logistic regression analysis. After adjustment, older age (20–24 years), being educated, wealthier, and ever been tested for HIV/AIDS became predictors of adequate comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge. Moreover, respondents with adequate comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS were more likely (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.30–2.08) to have a positive acceptance attitude towards PLWHIV than their counterparts. Conclusion Our study demonstrated a remarkably high level of awareness about HIV/AIDS among study participants, but the knowledge and positive acceptance attitude towards PLWHIV were not encouraging. Thus, endeavors to expand and strengthen educational campaigns on HIV/AIDS in communities, health facilities, and schools are highly recommended. Attention should particularly focus on young-aged and disadvantaged women with low educational level, poor socioeconomic status and those who have never been tested for HIV/AIDS.

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A cross sectional study: The association between sleeping quality and stress among second and third medical students at the University of Jordan

The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine ◽

10.1177/00912174211011287 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 009121742110112

Author(s):

AA Toubasi ◽

BR Khraisat ◽

RB AbuAnzeh ◽

HM Kalbouneh

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Medical Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Regular Exercise ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

University Of Jordan ◽

The University

Objective Medicine is considered one if not the most stressful educational field. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of stress and poor sleeping quality among medical students and the association between them. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Jordan on second- and third-year medical students. The questionnaire consisted of: 1) Demographics; 2) The assessment tools which were Pittsburgh Quality of Sleep Index (PSQI) and Kessler Psychological Distress Status (K10). Binary logistic regression, chi-square and linear regression were used to investigate the association between PSQI, K10, and their determinants. Results The mean for PSQI score was 6.76 ± 3.32. PSQI scores interpretation revealed that 61.7% of the 282 participants of this study were poor sleepers. Logistic regression results showed that only the category of not napping at all from the napping hours variable was significantly associated with sleeping quality. Furthermore, the mean of K10 scores was 24.5 ± 8.5. K10 scores revealed that 66.3% of the participants were stressed. Logistic regression results showed that gender and regular exercise were significantly associated with psychological distress. Additionally, chi-square test, logistic regression and linear regression showed that PSQI was significantly associated with K10 (P <0.01). Conclusions Stress and poor sleeping quality in medical students at the University of Jordan were highly prevalent and strongly associated. What determined PSQI was daytime napping, and for K10 were regular exercise and gender. Further investigations into stress and sleep quality in the Arabian region are needed.

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High neutrophil to lymphocytes ratio is associated with nutritional risk in hospitalised, unselected cancer patients: a cross-sectional study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96586-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jéssika M Siqueira ◽

Jéssika D P Soares ◽

Thaís C Borges ◽

Tatyanne L N Gomes ◽

Gustavo D Pimentel

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutritional Risk ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cut Point ◽

Nrs 2002

AbstractCancer patients possess metabolic and pathophysiological changes and an inflammatory environment that leads to malnutrition. This study aimed to (i) determine whether there is an association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and nutritional risk, and (ii) identify the cut-off value of NLR that best predicts malnutrition by screening for nutritional risk (NRS 2002). This cross-sectional study included 119 patients with unselected cancer undergoing chemotherapy and/or surgery. The NRS 2002 was applied within 24 h of hospitalisation to determine the nutritional risk. Systemic inflammation was assessed by blood collection, and data on C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophils, and lymphocytes were collected for later calculation of NLR. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify the best cut-point for NLR value that predicted nutritional risk. Differences between the groups were tested using the Student’s t-, Mann–Whitney U and Chi-Square tests. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between NLR and nutritional risk. The ROC curve showed the best cut-point for predicting nutritional risk was NLR > 5.0 (sensitivity, 60.9%; specificity, 76.4%). The NLR ≥ 5.0 group had a higher prevalence of nutritional risk than the NLR < 5.0 group (NLR ≥ 5.0: 73.6% vs. NLR < 5.0: 37.9%, p = 0.001). The NLR group ≥ 5.0 showed higher values of CRP and NLR than the NLR < 5.0 group. In addition, patients with NLR ≥ 5.0 also had higher NRS 2002 values when compared to the NLR < 5.0 group (NLR ≥ 5.0: 3.0 ± 1.1 vs. NLR < 5.0: 2.3 ± 1.2, p = 0.0004). Logistic regression revealed an association between NRS and NLR values. In hospitalised unselected cancer patients, systemic inflammation measured by NLR was associated with nutritional risk. Therefore, we highlight the importance of measuring the NLR in clinical practice, with the aim to detect nutritional risk.

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Knowledge about self-care and associated factors among heart-failure patients in Ayder Referral Hospital, Ethiopia, 2018: A cross-sectional study

Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare ◽

10.1177/2010105820962141 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 201010582096214

Author(s):

Tsegu Hailu Gebru ◽

Haftea Hagos Mekonen ◽

Kbrom Gemechu Kiros

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

New York ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Self Care ◽

Heart Association ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knowledge Age

Background: Good knowledge of self-care related to heart failure (HF) is key to improve patient outcomes. However, information regarding how much patients know about self-care is lacking in developing countries, particularly in the study setting. Objective: The objectives of this study were to assess HF patients’ knowledge about self-care and to explore predictors among HF patients in Ayder comprehensive specialised referral hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study design was undertaken in Ayder comprehensive specialised referral hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia. A total of 408 HF patients participated, and the study was done between February and April 2018. An interviewer-assisted structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Bivariate logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression were conducted to identify the predictors associated with knowledge about self-care. Results: The mean age of the participants was 45.4 years (standard deviation=19 years). Around 255 (62.5%) of the participants had poor self-care knowledge. Age, New York Heart Association classes, duration of the disease and previous hospitalisation were the factors associated with knowledge about self-care. Conclusion: More than half of all participants had poor knowledge about self-care. Improving existing prevention strategies and strengthening patients’ knowledge are recommended to address this knowledge deficit.

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