Inflammatory Potential of Diet is Associated with Increased Odds of Cataract in a Case-Control Study from Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
James R. Hébert ◽  
Bahram Rashidkhani ◽  
Matin Ghanavati
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Control Study

Abstract.Background: In previous studies, diet has been shown to be associated with cataract. However, no study to date has focused on the association between inflammatory potential of diet and cataract. Objectives: In this case-control study conducted in Iran, we examined the association of the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and cataract. Methods: This case-control study included 97 cataract cases and 198 healthy controls hospitalized for acute non-neoplastic diseases with the control group matched according to age (with a five-year interval) and sex with the case group. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed by a previously validated food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs), with the DII analyzed as both continuous and as tertiles. Energy was adjusted using the residual method. Results: Subjects with higher DII scores (i.e., with a more pro-inflammatory diet) had a higher odds of cataract, with the DII being used as both a continuous variable (ORcontinuous 1.51, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.13 – 2.03; one unit increase corresponding to ≈18% of its range in the current study) and as tertiles (ORtertile3vs1 2.67, 95%CI 1.32 – 5.48, Ptrend = 0.002). Conclusions: These results indicate that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased risk of cataract. Additional studies should be conducted to further explore this association.

scholarly journals Dietary Inflammatory Index and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in a Case-Control Study from Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
James R. Hebert ◽  
Maryam Behrooz ◽  
Bahram Rashidkhani
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background: Diet and inflammation have been suggested to be important risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: In this study, we examined the ability of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict MS in a case-control study conducted in Iran. Methods: This study included 68 MS cases and 140 controls hospitalized for acute non-neoplastic diseases. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed by a previously validated food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs adjusted for age, energy, sex, body mass index, season of birth, rubella history, history of routine exercise before MS, smoking and history of consumption of cow's milk in the first 2 years of life. Results: Subjects with higher DII scores (i.e., with a more pro-inflammatory diet) had a higher risk of MS, with the DII being used both as a continuous variable (ORcontinuous 1.66; 95% CI 1.19-2.31; 1 unit increase corresponding to ≈15% of its range in the current study) and a categorical variable (ORDII (>1.43 vs.≤1.43) 2.68; 95% CI 1.15-6.26). Conclusions: These results indicate that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased risk of MS.

scholarly journals Inflammatory potential of diet and risk of colorectal cancer: a case–control study from Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
Antonella Zucchetto ◽  
Maurizio Montella ◽  
Diego Serraino ◽  
Susan E. Steck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Colon And Rectal Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Diet and inflammation have been suggested to be important risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, we examined the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the risk of CRC in a multi-centre case–control study conducted between 1992 and 1996 in Italy. The study included 1225 incident colon cancer cases, 728 incident rectal cancer cases and 4154 controls hospitalised for acute non-neoplastic diseases. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed using a validated seventy-eight-item FFQ that included assessment of alcohol intake. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the OR adjusted for age, sex, study centre, education, BMI, alcohol drinking, physical activity and family history of CRC. Energy intake was adjusted using the residual method. Subjects with higher DII scores (i.e. with a more pro-inflammatory diet) had a higher risk of CRC, with the DII being used both as a continuous variable (ORcontinuous 1·13, 95 % CI 1·09, 1·18) and as a categorical variable (ORquintile 5 v. 1 1·55, 95 % CI 1·29, 1·85; P for trend < 0·0001). Similar results were observed when the analyses were carried out separately for colon and rectal cancer cases. These results indicate that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with an increased risk of CRC.

scholarly journals The Association between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Chinese Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jianqing Deng ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Long Cao ◽  
Qun Wang ◽  
Hongpeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Control Study

Objective. To shed light on the association between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs). Methods. From July 2013 to March 2017, we conducted a matched case–control study involving individuals who presented to the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital and underwent thoracoabdominal magnetic resonance angiography or computed tomography angiography. A total of 73 patients with TAAAs were enrolled in the case group, and 219 sex-matched subjects without TAAAs were included in the control group. We then examined the relationship between HHcy and TAAAs by logistic regression models and subgroup as well as interaction analyses. Results. Serum total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations and the proportion of HHcy were significantly higher in the patients with TAAAs than in those without TAAAs (P<0.001). Furthermore, the multivariate logistic regression models indicated that participants with HHcy had a 2.14-fold higher risk of TAAAs than those with a normal serum tHcy level (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–4.56). Similarly, each 1 μmol/L increase in the serum tHcy concentration was associated with a 4% higher risk of TAAAs (adjusted OR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.07). Subgroup analyses indicated that HHcy tended to be associated with a greater risk of TAAAs in all stratified subgroups (adjusted ORs>1). Furthermore, the interaction analyses revealed no interactive role in the association between HHcy and TAAAs. Conclusions. The present case–control study suggests that HHcy is an independent risk factor for TAAAs. Larger prospective cohort studies are warranted to validate these findings.

Inflammatory potential of diet and risk for hepatocellular cancer in a case–control study from Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
James R. Hébert ◽  
Jerry Polesel ◽  
Antonella Zucchetto ◽  
Anna Crispo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Hepatocellular Cancer ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

AbstractInflammation and diet have been suggested to be important risk factors for hepatocellular cancer (HCC). This Italian multicentre hospital-based case–control study conducted between 1999 and 2002 and including 185 cases with incident, histologically confirmed HCC, and 404 controls hospitalised for acute non-neoplastic diseases provided an opportunity to investigate the association between HCC and the dietary inflammatory index (DII). The DII was computed on the basis of dietary intake assessed 2 years before the date of interview by a validated sixty-three-item FFQ. Logistic regression models were used to estimate OR adjusted for age, sex, study centre, education, BMI, smoking, physical activity, serum markers of hepatitis B and C infection and energy intake. Energy adjustment for DII was performed using the residual method. Participants in the highest tertile of DII scores (i.e. with a more pro-inflammatory diet) had a higher risk for HCC (ORtertile 3 v, 1 2·43; 95 % CI 1·27, 4·68; Ptrend=0·03). When stratified by the presence or absence of hepatitis B/C infection and sex, DII was strongly associated with HCC in hepatitis B- and C-negative participants (ORtertile 3 v. 1 4·18; 95 % CI 1·53, 11·39; Ptrend=0·02) and among males (ORtertile 3 v. 1 3·60; 95 % CI 1·65, 7·87; Ptrend=0·001). These results indicate that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased risk for HCC, in those without a history of hepatitis B/C infection and among males.

Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and risk of prediabetes: a case-control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Vahid ◽  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
Mohsen Karamati ◽  
Alireza Jafari Naeini ◽  
James R. Hebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Control Study

The possible relationship between diet-related inflammation and the risk of prediabetes requires further investigation, especially in non-Western populations. We examined the ability of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict the risk of prediabetes in a case-control study conducted at specialized centers in Esfahan, Iran. A total of 214 incident cases of prediabetes were selected with the nonrandom sampling procedure, and the 200 controls randomly selected from the same clinics were frequency-matched on age (±5 years) and sex. DII scores were computed based on dietary intake assessed using a validated and reproducible 168-item food-frequency questionnaire. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable beta estimates and odds ratios (ORs). Subjects in tertile 3 versus tertile 1 (T3VS1) of DII had significantly higher fasting plasma glucose (DIIT3VS1: b = 4.49; 95% CI 1.89, 7.09), oral glucose tolerance (DIIT3VS1: b = 8.76; 95% CI 1.78, 15.73), HbA1c (DIIT3VS1: b = 0.30; 95% CI 0.17, 0.42), low-density lipoprotein (DIIT3VS1: b = 16.37; 95% CI 11.04, 21.69), triglyceride (DIIT3VS1: b = 21.01; 95% CI 8.61, 33.42) and body fat (DIIT3VS1: b = 2.41; 95% CI 0.56, 4.26) and lower high-density lipoprotein (DIIT3VS1: b = −3.39; 95% CI −5.94, −0.84) and lean body mass (DIIT3VS1: b = −3.11; 95% CI −4.83, −1.39). After multivariate adjustment, subjects in the most pro-inflammatory DII group had 19 times higher odds of developing prediabetes compared with subjects in tertile 1 (DIIT3VS1: OR = 18.88; 95% CI 7.02, 50.82). Similar results were observed when DII was used as a continuous variable, (DIIcontinuous: OR = 3.62; 95% CI 2.50, 5.22). Subjects who consumed a more pro-inflammatory diet were at increased risk of prediabetes compared with those who consumed a more anti-inflammatory diet.

scholarly journals Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) With the Risk of Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome: a Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parivash Kavei ◽  
Esmaeil Yousefi Rad ◽  
Soheila Akbari ◽  
Ebrahim Falahi ◽  
Mahnaz Mardani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objective: The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and PCOS risk in the 120 newly-diagnosed cases of PCOS and 120 healthy controls aged between 18-45 years in Khorramabad of Iran. Results: Energy intake was significantly more in PCOS patients (p=0.01) and these people were less active than control women (p=0.001). The mean ± SD of DII in PCOS patients was 0.4±2.09 while it was 0.45±1.92 in control group (p=0.001). There was a positive association between increasing DII score and the risk of PCOS with the OR of 2.41(1.15, 5.02) in the crude model when we compared the fourth quartile with the lowest one. This association was still significant in several models after adjusting for age and energy intake in the model 1 (P- value for trend=0.001), in the second model and after adjusting for the level of activity, education, and family history of PCOS along with the first model (P- value for trend 0.003), and finally after additional adjustment for BMI in model 3 (P- value for trend 0.003). Results of present study showed that consuming more pro-inflammatory diets with higher DII scores are associated with increased risk of PCOS.

scholarly journals Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Variants of Interest in COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections in a Hospital in Monterrey, Mexico

Viruses ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Kame A. Galán-Huerta ◽  
Samantha Flores-Treviño ◽  
Daniel Salas-Treviño ◽  
Paola Bocanegra-Ibarias ◽  
Ana M. Rivas-Estilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Dose Vaccine

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) or of interest (VOIs) causing vaccine breakthrough infections pose an increased risk to worldwide public health. An observational case-control study was performed of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections in hospitalized or ambulatory patients in Monterrey, Mexico, from April through August 2021. Vaccination breakthrough was defined as a SARS-CoV-2 infection that occurred any time after 7 days of inoculation with partial (e.g., first dose of two-dose vaccines) or complete immunization (e.g., second dose of two-dose vaccines or single-dose vaccine, accordingly). Case group patients (n = 53) had partial or complete vaccination schemes with CanSino (45%), Sinovac (19%), Pfizer/BioNTech (15%), and AstraZeneca/Oxford (15%). CanSino was administered most frequently in ambulatory patients (p < 0.01). The control group (n = 19) received no COVID-19 vaccines. Among SARS-CoV-2 variants detected by whole-genome sequencing, VOC Delta B.1.617.2 predominated in vaccinated ambulatory patients (p < 0.01) and AY.4 in hospitalized patients (p = 0.04); VOI Mu B.1.621 was detected in four (7.55%) vaccinated patients. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in our hospital occurred mostly in patients vaccinated with CanSino due to the higher prevalence of CanSino vaccine administration in our population. These patients developed mild COVID-19 symptoms not requiring hospitalization. The significance of this study lies on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants compromising the efficacy of local immunization therapies in Monterrey, Mexico.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of biliary atresia: a case–control study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e049354
Author(s):  
Jingying Jiang ◽  
Rou Wan ◽  
Shiwei He ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
Zhen Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Study

ObjectivesBiliary atresia (BA) is regarded as a serious neonatal hepatobiliary disease, and its aetiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. Epidemiological studies are limited, especially for the data from China. This study aims to explore risk factors of BA and provide new evidence to improve understanding of its aetiology.DesignThis is a case–control study from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2016.SettingCases were consecutively recruited from an urban tertiary care academic children’s hospital in Shanghai, China, while the controls were recruited from a community hospital in Shanghai through a random sampling system.Participants721 patients suspected for BA who planned to take the diagnostic surgery were enrolled preoperatively. 613 were diagnosed with BA and recruited into the case group. Meanwhile, 688 infants without any observed major congenital anomalies or jaundice were enrolled. Finally, 594 valid questionnaires from the case group and 681 from the control group were obtained.Primary and secondary outcome measuresStandardised questionnaires were used for data collection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate associations reported as ORs and precision, by adjusting covariates.ResultsAnxiety or stress during pregnancy was strongly associated with increased risk of BA (OR 8.36 (95% CI: 4.08 to 17.15); p<0.001), respectively. Lower birth weight, fathers from ethnic minorities of China, older age of fathers, lower income of parents, and exposure to infection, diseases and medication during pregnancy all made differences.ConclusionsSocial factors including the educational and economic background and its related anxiety and stress during pregnancy might be noticed in the occurrence of BA. Maternal infections during pregnancy in the prevalence of BA were demonstrated.Trial registration numberChiCTR-IPR-15005885.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Gout in MDR-TB Patients in Eritrea: A Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Russom ◽  
Hager Tesfaselassie ◽  
Rozina Goitom ◽  
Tadese Ghirmai ◽  
Freweini Weldedhawariat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Gastrointestinal Upset

Though the incidence of gout in general population is less than 5% (globally), a study conducted in Eritrea among patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) revealed a higher incidence (25%). Other similar studies conducted elsewhere, however, did not report gout as an adverse effect. It is unknown why a higher incidence of gout is being reported in Eritrea compared to similar studies from other countries. The objective of this study is therefore to explore risk factors for the increased risk of incident gout among MDR-TB patients in Eritrea. A case-control study was conducted in Merhano MDR-TB National Referral Hospital in Eritrea. All MDR-TB patients diagnosed with gout between June 2011 and June 2018 were considered as cases. Controls matched by age, sex, and cumulative drug exposure time were selected from the same study population (1:1 ratio). A total of 84 MDR-TB patients, 42 cases and 42 controls, were included in this study. No patient from the control group has comorbidities, while six patients from the case group have diabetes (χ2 = 6.46, df=1, p=0.026). Patients having tachycardia (OR=3.26, 95% CI=1.28, 8.27), alopecia (OR=3.11, 95% CI=1.00, 9.67), and gastrointestinal upset (OR=3.17, 95% CI=1.26, 7.96) as adverse effects and being on prolonged use of propranolol (OR=3.26, 95% CI=1.28, 8.27) were found to be more likely to develop incident gout compared to their controls. In conclusion, MDR-TB patients with diabetes mellitus, tachycardia, alopecia, and gastrointestinal upset and on prolonged use of propranolol tablet had increased risk of incident gout.

scholarly journals Dementia as Risk Factor for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariantonietta Pisaturo ◽  
Federica Calò ◽  
Antonio Russo ◽  
Clarissa Camaioni ◽  
Agnese Giaccone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate the outcome of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and dementia.Patients and MethodsIn a multicenter, observational, 1:2 matched case-control study all 23 patients with a history of dementia, hospitalized with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection from February 28th 2020 to January 31st 2021 were enrolled. For each Case, 2 patients without dementia observed in the same period study, pair matched for gender, age (±5 years), PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio at admission (&lt;200, or &gt;200), number of comorbidities (±1; excluding dementia) were chosen (Control group).ResultsThe majority of patients were males (60.9% of Cases and Controls) and very elderly [median age 82 years (IQR: 75.5–85) in the Cases and 80 (IQR: 75.5–83.75) in the Controls]. The prevalence of co-pathologies was very high: all the Cases and 43 (93.5%) Controls showed a Charlson comorbidity index of at least 2. During hospitalization the patients in the Case group less frequently had a moderate disease of COVID-19 (35 vs. 67.4%, p = 0.02), more frequently a severe disease (48 vs. 22%, p = 0.03) and more frequently died (48 vs. 22%, p = 0.03). Moreover, during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 14 (60.8%) patients in the Case group and 1 (2.1%; p &lt; 0.000) in the Control group showed signs and symptoms of delirium.ConclusionPatients with dementia are vulnerable and have an increased risk of a severe disease and death when infected with COVID-19.

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