Die unterschiedliche Ausdehnung der Übergangszone in der Karotisgabel

VASA ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Janzen ◽  
P. Lanzer ◽  
K. Rothenberger-Janzen ◽  
P.N. Vuong
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Arterial Segment ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
The Media ◽  
Potential Factor ◽  
The Impact

Background: The goal of our study was to demonstrate the extension of the transitional zone (TZ) between elastic and muscular medial structure in carotid artery tripod. Patients and methods: A histologic study of 56 probes from 8 carotid artery tripods was performed. The probes were obtained from autopsies of 4 adults (mean age: 47.5 years, range 38 to 55 years) and were taken from 7 different topographic sites. Results: At each level of the CCA (at 1 cm and 2 cm proximal to the bifurcation as well as at the bifurcation) we observed an elastic arterial type in 24 (42.8%) probes with 11 to 20 (medium 15.0) elastic fibers per view field (200 ¥ magnification) in the media. In contrast the histologic structure of the ICA and ECA varied as follows: in 8 sections (14.3%) elastic arterial type with 11 to 16 (medium 13.1) elastic fibers, in 11 sections (19.6%) muscular arterial type with 2 to 5 (medium 3.5) elastic fibers and in 9 sections (16.1%) a transitional arterial type with 6 to 8 (medium 6.7) elastic fibers in the media. Atherosclerotic lesions have prevented the assessment of the arterial type in 4 probes (7.1%). The TZ in the medial structure of carotid artery tripods is exclusively localized in the ICA/ECA but not in the CCA. The ICA/ECA presented a TZ with a length up to 0.5 cm (4 probes; 25%), up to 1.5 cm (4 probes; 25%) and longer than 1.5 cm (6 probes; 37.5%). Conclusions: In this study we confirmed that in the carotid artery tripod, a TZ – an arterial segment with transition from elastic to muscular type – does exist, involving a variable length. Furthermore studies on the impact of the biomechanical properties of the TZ as a potential factor in atherosclerotic disease are justified. In addition, the complex biomechanical behavior of the TZ should be considered prior to interventional procedures.

Die Übergangszone in der Tunica media der Nierenarterie mit einer maximalen Länge von 10 Millimetern

VASA ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Janzen ◽  
Lanzer ◽  
Rothenberger-Janzen ◽  
Vuong
Keyword(s):  
Renal Artery ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Tunica Media ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior ◽  
Arterial Structure ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Background: The goal of our study was to demonstrate and to determine the length of the transitional zone in the tunica media in renal arteries. The majority of renal artery atherosclerotic stenotic lesions occurs in this segment. Patients and methods: Anatomical and histological studies were performed on 26 renal arteries from 13 adults at autopsy (mean age 61.6 years, range 33 to 87 years). Results: In the macroscopical examination the right renal arteries (RRA) were longer with a median 53.8 mm (range 38 to 65 mm) than the left renal arteries (LRA) with a median 47.6 mm (range 35 to 63 mm), the circumferences were nearly the same: RRA 10.9 mm (range 5 mm to 15 mm) and LRA 11 mm (range 5 mm to 15 mm). Probes for histological examinations were taken from three different regions of each renal artery (origin, 5 mm and 10 mm distal to the origin). We observed a typical elastic arterial structure at the origin and muscular types at the distal 10 mm region. At the distal 5 mm region variable ratios of elastic tissue (ET) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) were found as follows: 15 arteries presented an equal ratio of EM : SMC, 7 arteries presented ET > SMC and 4 arteries presented ET < SMC ratios. Conclusions: In this study we confirmed that in renal arteries, a transitional zone (TZ) that is an arterial segment with transition from elastic to muscular type, does exist, involving the maximal length of 10 mm. Further studies on the impact of the biomechanical properties of the transitional zone as a potential localizing factor in renal atherosclerotic disease are justified. In addition, the complex biomechanical behavior of the TZ of the arterial wall should be taken into consideration when interventional procedures are planned.

Morphological Study of Carotid Artery of WHHL Rabbit after Balloon Dilatation

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
T. Yokouchi ◽  
S. Iwabuchi ◽  
A. Tomiyama ◽  
H. Samejima ◽  
K. Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Balloon Dilatation ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Intimal Thickening ◽  
The Media ◽  
Over Time

We performed balloon dilatation in the carotid artery of WHHL rabbits and examined subsequent morphological alteration over time. The balloon was inserted as far as the carotid bifurcation and observations were made on the morphological alteration after dilatation in the atherosclerotic intimal thickening from immediately after balloon dilatation over a period of ten months. Immediately after balloon dilatation, endothelial cells came of circularly and stretching, fragmentation off elastic fibers and coming off of smooth muscle cells of the media were confirmed. No change in the degree of thickening after dilatation was seen in the atherosclerotic intimal thickening of the carotid bifurcation. Three weeks later, endothelium covering except some parts, circular neointima and fibrosis of the media were observed; foamy cells had accumulated in the upper layer of the atherosclerotic intimal thickening, and that region was not yet covered with endothelial cells. The progress of fibrous intimal thickening so as to keep the lumen smooth was seen up to six months later, but foamy cells were not found in the neointima.

DIRECTIONAL BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PORCINE SKIN TISSUE

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (05) ◽  
pp. 1450069 ◽  
Author(s):  
HSIAO-YING SHADOW HUANG ◽  
SIYAO HUANG ◽  
COLIN P. FRAZIER ◽  
PETER M. PRIM ◽  
OLA HARRYSSON
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Porcine Skin ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior ◽  
Tissue Anisotropy ◽  
Biaxial Mechanical Properties

Skin is a multilayered composite material and composed principally of the proteins collagen, elastic fibers and fibroblasts. The direction-dependent material properties of skin tissue is important for physiological functions like skin expansion. The current study has developed methods to characterize the directional biomechanical properties of porcine skin tissues as studies have shown that pigs represent a useful animal model due to similarities between porcine and human skin. It is observed that skin tissue has a nonlinear anisotropy biomechanical behavior, where the parameters of material modulus is 378 ± 160 kPa in the preferred-fiber direction and 65.96 ± 40.49 kPa in the cross-fiber direction when stretching above 30% strain equibiaxially. The result from the study provides methods of characterizing biaxial mechanical properties of skin tissue, as the collagen fiber direction appears to be one of the primary determinants of tissue anisotropy.

scholarly journals Pigmentation Affects Elastic Fiber Patterning and Biomechanical Behavior of the Murine Aortic Valve

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Nasim ◽  
Popular Pandey ◽  
Rosemeire M. Kanashiro-Takeuchi ◽  
Jin He ◽  
Joshua D. Hutcheson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Multiphoton Imaging ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Fiber Organization

The aortic valve (AoV) maintains unidirectional blood distribution from the left ventricle of the heart to the aorta for systemic circulation. The AoV leaflets rely on a precise extracellular matrix microarchitecture of collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans for appropriate biomechanical performance. We have previously demonstrated a relationship between the presence of pigment in the mouse AoV with elastic fiber patterning using multiphoton imaging. Here, we extended those findings using wholemount confocal microscopy revealing that elastic fibers were diminished in the AoV of hypopigmented mice (KitWv and albino) and were disorganized in the AoV of K5-Edn3 transgenic hyperpigmented mice when compared to wild type C57BL/6J mice. We further used atomic force microscopy to measure stiffness differences in the wholemount AoV leaflets of mice with different levels of pigmentation. We show that AoV leaflets of K5-Edn3 had overall higher stiffness (4.42 ± 0.35 kPa) when compared to those from KitWv (2.22 ± 0.21 kPa), albino (2.45 ± 0.16 kPa), and C57BL/6J (3.0 ± 0.16 kPa) mice. Despite the striking elastic fiber phenotype and noted stiffness differences, adult mutant mice were found to have no overt cardiac differences as measured by echocardiography. Our results indicate that pigmentation, but not melanocytes, is required for proper elastic fiber organization in the mouse AoV and dictates its biomechanical properties.

scholarly journals A Biomechanical Study of Directional Mechanical Properties of Porcine Skin Tissues

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Ying Shadow Huang ◽  
Siyao Huang ◽  
Taylor Gettys ◽  
Peter M. Prim ◽  
Ola L. Harrysson
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Biomechanical Study ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Porcine Skin ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior ◽  
Skin Stretching ◽  
Material Stiffness

Skin is a multilayered composite material and composed principally of the proteins collagen, elastic fibers, and fibroblasts. The direction-dependent material properties of skin tissue is important for physiological functions like skin expansion. The current study has developed methods to characterize the directional biomechanical properties of porcine skin tissues. It is observed that skin tissue has a nonlinear anisotropy biomechanical behavior, where the parameters of material stiffness is 378 ±160 kPa in the preferred-fiber direction and 65.96±40.49 kPa in the cross-fiber direction when stretching above 30% strain equibiaxially. The results from the current study will help optimize functional skin stretching for patients requiring large surface area skin grafts and reconstructions due to burns or other injuries.

The More Control, the Better?

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeeyun Oh ◽  
Mun-Young Chung ◽  
Sangyong Han
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Design ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Story Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High User ◽  
User Control ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Despite of the popularity of interactive movie trailers, rigorous research on one of the most apparent features of these interfaces – the level of user control – has been scarce. This study explored the effects of user control on users’ immersion and enjoyment of the movie trailers, moderated by the content type. We conducted a 2 (high user control versus low user control) × 2 (drama film trailer versus documentary film trailer) mixed-design factorial experiment. The results showed that the level of user control over movie trailer interfaces decreased users’ immersion when the trailer had an element of traditional story structure, such as a drama film trailer. Participants in the high user control condition answered that they were less fascinated with, absorbed in, focused on, mentally involved with, and emotionally affected by the movie trailer than participants in the low user control condition only with the drama movie trailer. The negative effects of user control on the level of immersion for the drama trailer translated into users’ enjoyment. The impact of user control over interfaces on immersion and enjoyment varies depending on the nature of the media content, which suggests a possible trade-off between the level of user control and entertainment outcomes.

Fast and Reproducible Vascular Neointima Formation in the Hamster Carotid Artery: Effects of Trapidil and Captopril

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (06) ◽  
pp. 1591-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Matsuno ◽  
J M Stassen ◽  
M F Hoylaerts ◽  
J Vermylen ◽  
H Deckmyn
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Neointima Formation ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Dental Cement ◽  
Proliferation Indices ◽  
Experimental Drugs ◽  
The Media ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

SummaryNeointima formation was induced in the hamster carotid artery by mechanical intraluminal injury with a catheter covered with roughened dental cement. Neointimal thickening occurred as early as 7 days after denudation and further increased during the next 1 to 2 weeks. Proliferation indices of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) showed the highest proportion of proliferating cells in the media and neointima respectively 1 and 5 days after the vascular injury. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of damaged carotid artery sections as well as immuno-histochemical stainings of von Willebrand factor (vWF) confirmed that reendothelialization was progressive and already complete on day 14, at which time the neointima formation was almost complete.In order to pharmacologically characterize this model further, the effects on neointima formation of trapidil (triazolopyrimidine), a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) antagonist, and captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, were investigated. Trapidil administered orally twice daily at total doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, started 3 days prior to infliction of injury and up to 7 or 14 days after the catheterization, significantly reduced neointima formation. Captopril administered orally three times daily at a total dose of 100 mg/kg/day, equally reduced neointima formation, with 100 mg/kg/day trapidil being more effective than 100 mg/kg/day captopril 7 days after injury. When the treatment by either one of these drugs was arrested on day 7, neointima formation resumed quickly.The hamster appears to be a small, reproducible and fast model for the study of SMC proliferation, requiring only relatively small amounts of experimental drugs. The model furthermore is sensitive to substances known to reduce neointima formation in other animal models.

Fibrinolytic Activity of the Arterial Wall

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-011 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Onoyama ◽  
K Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Atheromatous Plaque ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Common ◽  
Almost All

SummaryThe tissue fibrinolysis was studied in 550 specimens of 7 kinds of arteries from 80 fresh cadavers, using Astrup’s biochemical method and Todd’s histochemical method with human fibrinogen.In the microscopically normal aortic wall, almost all specimens had the fibrinolytic activity which was the strongest in the adventitia and the weakest in the media.The fibrinolytic activity seemed to be localized in the endothelium.The stronger activity lay in the adventitia of the aorta and the pulmonary artery and all layers of the cerebral artery.The activity of the intima and media of the macroscopically normal areas seemed to be stronger in the internal carotid artery than in the common carotid artery.Mean fibrinolytic activity of the macroscopically normal areas seemed to decrease with age in the intima and the media of the thoracic aorta and seemed to be low in the cases with a high atherosclerotic index.The fibrinolytic activities of all three layers of the fibrous thickened aorta seemed to decrease, and those of the media and the adventitia of the atheromatous plaque to increase.The fibrinolytic activity of the arterial wall might play some role in the progress of atherosclerosis.

The impact of news coverage of Russia in the media on export—import activities

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-44
Author(s):  
Elena A. Fedorovau ◽  
Svetlana O. Musienko ◽  
Igor S. Demin ◽  
Fedor Yu. Fedorov ◽  
Dmitriy O. Afanasyev
Keyword(s):  
News Coverage ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

МАРКЕТИНГОВІ АСПЕКТИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЛІТЕРАТУРНИХ КОНКУРСІВ ТА ПРЕМІЙ

2020 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
O. Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Media ◽  
Literary Prizes ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>In this study, I have collected and summarized the functional aspects of a literary prize, contest, and rating, which indicate their affiliation with the marketing complex of the publishing house for the first time. For this purpose, I have analyzed and summarized the common concepts of the functioning of literary prizes and contests as advertising tools for publishing activity. Because the previous studies are only focused on the fact of the impact of the prize on the promotion of editions but do not explain it, these aspects have been considered and introduced by me from the book production’s point of view. I investigated that the prizes and the contests in the literary field are effective marketing tools, which meet many publisher’s needs at the same time and can be considered a non-profit form of capital. I have reviewed the works of other authors, who accept that the economic success of the book is rising if the author is a winner of the literary prize or contest. I have found out that the book prize activates the demand for the book, and the literary contest is a tool to track the reader’s reaction to a future publication. In this way, literary prizes and contests can be considered as a way of conducting a marketing dialogue with the target audience. I have focused on the information support of literary national and international prizes and contests by the media, which attracts attention to the book and forms the reader’s interest. The literary prizes and contests are also considered as a way of exploring trends and their changes, familiarization the popular genres among the target audience and fixation the current choice of modern readers. Literary prizes and contests motivate the authors to improve their literary excellence, are the source of new authors and works, and assist in increasing sales of books. However, further research is recommended.</em></p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> book prize, book rating, literary contest, literary prize, functions of the literary prizes.</em>

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