Teachers' professional vision in action

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Yizhen Huang ◽  
Kevin F. Miller ◽  
Kai S. Cortina ◽  
Dirk Richter
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Expert Teachers ◽  
Professional Vision ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Selective Visual Attention ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. In need of simultaneously tackling various tasks at a fast pace, teaching is a job that requires skillful attention allocation. Selective visual attention forms the basis of teacher's professional vision – the expertise of attending to and interpreting classroom features, but it is also a process mostly hidden from direct observation. Eye tracking can capture this otherwise invisible attentional process and has long been used in demonstrating the visual expertise in various skill domains. Yet, the relationship between expertise and teachers' eye movements during real-life teaching remains a seldom explored area. The current study investigated the distinctive features of teachers' gaze in relation to their expertise levels. Specifically, eye movements were collected from 25 pairs of expert and novice teachers, with each pair teaching in the same classroom and with the same content. The eye movements were analyzed using scanpath comparison and point pattern analysis method. Results revealed that compared with novices, expert teachers had overall shorter fixation durations and larger quantity of fixations. They also had smaller proportion of fixations directed to objects irrelevant to teaching and the distribution of their fixations were wider. These results demonstrated that teachers had distinctive eye movement features in relation to their expertise levels. Most importantly, expert teachers exhibited better selective attention – a key component of professional vision. The implications regarding teacher education and instruction were also discussed.

scholarly journals Creating the funerary landscape of Eastern Sudan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253511
Author(s):  
Stefano Costanzo ◽  
Filippo Brandolini ◽  
Habab Idriss Ahmed ◽  
Andrea Zerboni ◽  
Andrea Manzo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Funerary Monuments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Geological Constraints ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eastern Sudan

Funerary landscapes are eminent results of the relationship between environments and superstructural human behavior, spanning over wide territories and growing over centuries. The comprehension of such cultural palimpsests needs substantial research efforts in the field of human ecology. The funerary landscape of the semi-arid region of Kassala (Eastern Sudan) represents a solid example. Therein, geoarchaeological surveys and the creation of a desk-based dataset of thousands of diachronic funerary monuments (from early tumuli up to modern Beja people islamic tombs) were achieved by means of fieldwork and remote sensing over an area of ∼4100 km2. The wealth of generated information was employed to decipher the spatial arrangement of sites and monuments using Point Pattern Analysis. The enormous number of monuments and their spatial distribution are here successfully explained using, for the first time in archaeology, the Neyman-Scott Cluster Process, hitherto designed for cosmology. Our study highlights the existence of a built funerary landscape with galaxy-like aggregations of monuments driven by multiple layers of societal behavior. We suggest that the distribution of monuments was controlled by a synthesis of opportunistic geological constraints and cultural superstructure, conditioned by the social memory of the Beja people who have inhabited the region for two thousand years and still cherish the ancient tombs as their own kin’s.

Animal Recognition and Eye Movements

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby J. Lloyd-Jones ◽  
Juergen Gehrke ◽  
Jason Lauder
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Object Orientation ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Object Decision ◽  
Individual Features ◽  
And Performance

We assessed the importance of outline contour and individual features in mediating the recognition of animals by examining response times and eye movements in an animal-object decision task (i.e., deciding whether or not an object was an animal that may be encountered in real life). There were shorter latencies for animals as compared with nonanimals and performance was similar for shaded line drawings and silhouettes, suggesting that important information for recognition lies in the outline contour. The most salient information in the outline contour was around the head, followed by the lower torso and leg regions. We also observed effects of object orientation and argue that the usefulness of the head and lower torso/leg regions is consistent with a role for the object axis in recognition.

The Relationship between the Development of Human Capital and the Agricultural Economy in Rural Areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
B.A. Voronin ◽  
◽  
I.P. Chupina ◽  
Ya.V. Voronina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Standard View ◽  
Household Factors ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses a non-standard view of the formation of human capital for work in organizations of the agricultural sector of the economy, in the context of modern socio-economic transformations. In the classical sense, human capital for agriculture should be formed and developed in rural areas. But in real life, this is not always the case, because there are many factors that prevent the classical solution of this problem. First, the demographic factor affects, second, social and household factors, and third, in many rural areas there are no working agricultural organizations where qualified agricultural specialists can work. All these and other circumstances actualize the problem of the quality of human capital in rural areas in relation to the development of agricultural production.

The relationship between eye movements and subsequent recognition: Evidence from individual differences and amnesia

Cortex ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 182-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna K. Olsen ◽  
Vinoja Sebanayagam ◽  
Yunjo Lee ◽  
Morris Moscovitch ◽  
Cheryl L. Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Music, Politics, and History: An Introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-374
Author(s):  
David Kennerley
Keyword(s):  
Sound Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Music And Politics ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMusic has been steadily rising up the historical agenda, a product of the emergence of sound studies, the history of the senses, and a mood of interdisciplinary curiosity. This introductory article offers a critical review of how the relationship between music and politics has featured in extant historical writing, from classic works of political history to the most recent scholarship. It begins by evaluating different approaches that historians have taken to music, summarizes the important shifts in method that have recently taken place, and advocates for a performance-centered, contextualized framework that is attentive to the distinctive features of music as a medium. The second half examines avenues for future research into the historical connections between music and politics, focusing on four thematic areas—the body, emotions, space, and memory—and closes with some overarching reflections on music's use as a tool of power, as well as a challenge to it. Although for reasons of cohesion, this short article focuses primarily on scholarship on Britain and Ireland in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, its discussion of theory and methods is intended to be applicable to the study of music and political culture across a broad range of periods and geographies.

scholarly journals Calculators as Facilitators of Understanding Computational and Mathematical Contexts

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Jan Guncaga ◽  
Lilla Korenova ◽  
Jozef Hvorecky
Keyword(s):  
Soft Skills ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Learning To Learn ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractLearning is a complex phenomenon. Contemporary theories of education underline active participation of learners in their learning processes. One of the key arguments supporting this approach is the learner’s simultaneous and unconscious development of their ability of “learning to learn”. This ability belongs to the soft skills highly valued by employers today.For Mathematics Education, it means that teachers have to go beyond making calculations and memorizing formulas. We have to teach the subject in its social context. When the students start understanding the relationship between real-life problems and the role of numbers and formulas for their solutions, their learning becomes a part of their tacit knowledge. Below we explain the theoretical background of our approach and provide examples of such activities.

scholarly journals Digital Platform Ecosystems as Living Labs for Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Innovation: A Conceptual Model Proposal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6494
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Baran ◽  
Aleksandra Berkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Sustainable Entrepreneurship ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Living Labs ◽  
Platform Ecosystems ◽  
The Relationship

The main idea of the paper is to combine modern research methods (as living labs that enable research in a real-life setting) with the new technological opportunities for entrepreneurship and innovation development (as digital platforms) to search for innovative solutions, while addressing the sustainable development problems. Thus, the paper aims to explain how real value for society is created within digital platform ecosystems and how they employ to this end novel solutions that better address existing social problems. Consequently, it proposes a conceptual framework to research and develop sustainable entrepreneurship and innovation with the use of digital platforms. This research study takes a synthesizing conceptual approach that seeks to integrate the existing knowledge drawn on two major streams of research: living labs as a methodology and digital platform ecosystems to enrich the theory of sustainable entrepreneurship and innovation development. The paper contributes to the body of knowledge by proposing a novel conceptual model of digital platform ecosystems as living labs for sustainable entrepreneurship and innovation. The model depicts digital platform ecosystems examined as living labs and the implicit processes that include platform users in problem-solving and value-creation in real-life settings. The novelty of the model stems from framing these processes that capture the relationship between individuals and opportunities as the foundations of entrepreneurship and the relationship between the problem space and the solution space, where the opportunities occur.

The relationship between 99mTc-HMPAO brain SPECT and the scores of real life rating scale in autistic children

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryem Kaya ◽  
Serap Karasalihoğlu ◽  
Funda Üstün ◽  
Aziz Gültekin ◽  
Tevfik Fikret Çermik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Brain Spect ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
99Mtc Hmpao

scholarly journals Spatial point-pattern analysis as a powerful tool in identifying pattern-process relationships in plant ecology: an updated review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariem Ben-Said
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern ◽  
Spatial Point ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern Analysis

Abstract Background Ecological processes such as seedling establishment, biotic interactions, and mortality can leave footprints on species spatial structure that can be detectable through spatial point-pattern analysis (SPPA). Being widely used in plant ecology, SPPA is increasingly carried out to describe biotic interactions and interpret pattern-process relationships. However, some aspects are still subjected to a non-negligible debate such as required sample size (in terms of the number of points and plot area), the link between the low number of points and frequently observed random (or independent) patterns, and relating patterns to processes. In this paper, an overview of SPPA is given based on rich and updated literature providing guidance for ecologists (especially beginners) on summary statistics, uni-/bi-/multivariate analysis, unmarked/marked analysis, types of marks, etc. Some ambiguities in SPPA are also discussed. Results SPPA has a long history in plant ecology and is based on a large set of summary statistics aiming to describe species spatial patterns. Several mechanisms known to be responsible for species spatial patterns are actually investigated in different biomes and for different species. Natural processes, plant environmental conditions, and human intervention are interrelated and are key drivers of plant spatial distribution. In spite of being not recommended, small sample sizes are more common in SPPA. In some areas, periodic forest inventories and permanent plots are scarce although they are key tools for spatial data availability and plant dynamic monitoring. Conclusion The spatial position of plants is an interesting source of information that helps to make hypotheses about processes responsible for plant spatial structures. Despite the continuous progress of SPPA, some ambiguities require further clarifications.

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