scholarly journals Inspecting Gradual and Abrupt Changes in Emotion Dynamics With the Time-Varying Change Point Autoregressive Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-499
Author(s):  
Casper J. Albers ◽  
Laura F. Bringmann
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Change Point ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Ar Model ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Emotion Dynamics ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Recent studies have shown that emotion dynamics such as inertia (i.e., autocorrelation) can change over time. Importantly, current methods can only detect either gradual or abrupt changes in inertia. This means that researchers have to choose a priori whether they expect the change in inertia to be gradual or abrupt. This will leave researchers in the dark regarding when and how the change in inertia occurred. Therefore in this article, we use a new model: the time-varying change point autoregressive (TVCP-AR) model. The TVCP-AR model can detect both gradual and abrupt changes in emotion dynamics. More specifically, we show that the inertia of positive affect and negative affect measured in one individual differs qualitatively in how it changes over time. Whereas the inertia of positive affect increased only gradually over time, negative affect changed both in a gradual and abrupt fashion over time. This illustrates the necessity of being able to model both gradual and abrupt changes in order to detect meaningful quantitative and qualitative differences in temporal emotion dynamics.

scholarly journals Inspecting gradual and abrupt changes in emotion dynamics with the time-varying change point autoregressive model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casper J Albers ◽  
Laura Francina Bringmann
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Change Point ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Ar Model ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Emotion Dynamics ◽  
Over Time

Recent studies have shown that emotion dynamics such as inertia (i.e., autocorrelation) can change over time. Importantly, current methods can only detect either gradual or abrupt changes in inertia. This means that researchers have to choose a priori whether they expect the change in inertia to be gradual or abrupt. This will leave researchers in the dark regarding when and how the change in inertia occurred. Therefore in this article we use a new model: the time-varying change point autoregressive (TVCP-AR) model. The TVCP-AR model can detect both gradual and abrupt changes in emotion dynamics. More specifically, we show that the inertia of positive affect and negative affect measured in one individual differ qualitativelyin how they change over time. Whereas the inertia of positive affect increased only gradually over time, negative affect changed both in a gradual and abrupt fashion over time. This illustrates the necessity of being able to model both gradual and abrupt changes in order to detect meaningful quantitative and qualitative differences in temporal emotion dynamics.

Irrational happiness beliefs and subjective well-being of undergraduate students: A longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Murat Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Affective Components ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

Identifying factors that influence well-being are fruitful for improving the knowledge held about the correlates and predictors of well-being in both practice and theory. This research for the first time aimed to investigate whether irrational happiness beliefs, a newly presented construct, contribute to the affective components of subjective well-being over time. The sample included 103 undergraduate students (88 females and 15 males) whose ages varied from 18 to 29 years (M = 19.39 ±1.62). Participants completed measures of irrational happiness beliefs, positive affect, and negative affect both at Time 1 and Time 2 over three months apart. The findings showed that irrational happiness beliefs were significantly negatively related to positive affect only at Time 1. However, the research failed to provide evidence regarding the value of irrational happiness beliefs in predicting positive and negative affect over time. The results suggest that the impact of irrational happiness beliefs upon well-being may occur momentarily not over time. Implications and limitations of the findings are discussed and directions for future studies are provided.

scholarly journals A MICROLONGITUDINAL APPROACH TO STUDYING GRANDMOTHER-GRANDCHILD DAILY INTERACTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S281-S282
Author(s):  
Shelbie Turner ◽  
Shannon T Mejia ◽  
Robert S Stawski ◽  
Karen Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Daily Interactions ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Research suggests that grandparent-grandchild dyads shift in degree of solidarity over extended periods of time (e.g. Moorman & Stokes, 2016), but no work has considered grandparent-grandchild interactions microlongitudinally. This study utilized microlongitudinal data with an emphasis on intraindividual variability to examine the daily processes associated with relational aspects of grandparenting. Using data from 24 grandmothers in the Personal Understandings of Life and Social Experiences (PULSE) project, we explored how grandmother-reported satisfaction with grandchild interactions impacted grandmothers’ same-day positive and negative affect over 100 days. We first justified the need for microlongitudinal analyses by assessing the degree to which there were within-person shifts in interaction satisfaction over time. Intra-class correlations indicated 86% of the variation in interaction satisfaction was within-persons, warranting an intraindividual variability approach. As such, we then employed multi-level models to examine the within-person and between-person effects of interaction satisfaction predicting same day positive and negative affect. At the within-person level, on days when grandmothers reported higher than their average interaction satisfaction, they reported more positive affect (Estimate = 0.09, SE = 0.03, p = 0.009) and lower negative affect overall that day (Estimate = -0.08, SE = 0.02, p = 0.005). At the between-person level, grandmothers who had, on average, higher interaction satisfaction had more positive affect (Estimate = 0.63, SE = 0.09, p<.0001) and lower negative affect on average (Estimate = -0.53, SE = 0.11, p<.0001).

Changes Over Time in the Determinants of Sport Commitment

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Carpenter ◽  
Tara K. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sport Commitment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this study was to examine whether changes over time in the determinants of sport commitment would be related to predicted changes in commitment. Male and female (N = 103) high school soccer players completed surveys toward the middle and at the end of their regular season. A simultaneous multiple regression analysis indicated that commitment was significantly predicted by changes in involvement opportunities. Examination of the mean magnitude of changes in the determinants and corresponding changes in commitment using a series of correlated t-tests revealed significant effects for sport enjoyment and involvement opportunities. For those players whose sport enjoyment and involvement opportunities had declined, there was a corresponding decrease in their commitment. For those players whose involvement opportunities had increased, there was a corresponding increase in their commitment. Combined, these results provided support for a priori hypotheses regarding changes in the determinants of commitment over time and corresponding changes in commitment.

scholarly journals Viral phylodynamics and the search for an ‘effective number of infections’

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1548) ◽  
pp. 1879-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon D. W. Frost ◽  
Erik M. Volz
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Epidemiological Models ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Coalescence Rate ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Information on the dynamics of the effective population size over time can be obtained from the analysis of phylogenies, through the application of time-varying coalescent models. This approach has been used to study the dynamics of many different viruses, and has demonstrated a wide variety of patterns, which have been interpreted in the context of changes over time in the ‘effective number of infections’, a quantity proportional to the number of infected individuals. However, for infectious diseases, the rate of coalescence is driven primarily by new transmissions i.e. the incidence, and only indirectly by the number of infected individuals through sampling effects. Using commonly used epidemiological models, we show that the coalescence rate may indeed reflect the number of infected individuals during the initial phase of exponential growth when time is scaled by infectivity, but in general, a single change in time scale cannot be used to estimate the number of infected individuals. This has important implications when integrating phylogenetic data in the context of other epidemiological data.

scholarly journals Post-print manuscript: Emotional Intelligence Relates to Emotions, Emotion Dynamics and Emotion Complexity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn MacCann ◽  
Yasemin Erbas ◽  
Egon Dejonckheere ◽  
Amirali Minbashian ◽  
Peter Kuppens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Emotion Management ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Emotion Dynamics ◽  
Meta Analyses

Emotional intelligence (EI) should relate to people’s emotional experiences. We meta-analytically summarise associations of felt affect with ability EI branches (perception, facilitation, understanding and management) and total scores (k = 7 to 14; N = 1,584 to 2,813). We then use experience sampling (N = 122 undergraduates over 5 days, 24 beeps) to test whether EI predicts emotion dynamics and complexity. Meta-analyses show that EI correlates significantly with lower negative affect (NA; ρ = -.21) but not higher positive affect (PA; ρ = .05). PA (but not NA) shows a significantly stronger relationship with emotion management (ρ = .23) versus other EI branches (ρ = -.01 to .07). In the experience sampling study, only management significantly related to higher PA, whereas lower NA was significantly related to total EI, perception, facilitation, and management. After controlling for mean affect: (a) only understanding significantly predicted NA dynamics whereas only management and facilitation significantly predicted PA dynamics; (b) management and facilitation predicted lower PA differentiation (EI was unrelated to NA differentiation); and (c) perception and facilitation predicted greater bipolarity. Results show that EI predicts affect, emotion dynamics and emotion complexity. We discuss the importance of distinguishing between different branches of ability EI.

scholarly journals Fading Affect Bias in Intergroup Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-214
Author(s):  
Michèle D. Birtel ◽  
Gian Antonio Di Bernardo ◽  
Loris Vezzali
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Opposite Gender ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Negative affect associated with autobiographical events fades faster over time than positive affect. This Fading Affect Bias (FAB) has been established in the individual and interpersonal domains. Two studies tested the FAB in intergroup relations with Muslims ( N= 76 White British non-Muslim) and opposite gender ( N = 242 women and men) as target outgroups. The results indicated that the FAB exists in an intergroup context, for both ingroup and outgroup memories. Mediation analyses showed that intergroup contact is related to a lower fading of positive affect associated with the outgroup memory, through greater memory strength and a more positive outgroup member evaluation. The findings are important for understanding affect associated with intergroup memories and the buffering effect of positive contact.

scholarly journals Item Pool Quality Control in Educational Testing: Change Point Model, Compound Risk, and Sequential Detection

2021 ◽  
pp. 107699862110590
Author(s):  
Yunxiao Chen ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Lee ◽  
Xiaoou Li
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Change Point ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Educational Testing ◽  
Sequential Decision ◽  
Point Model ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Change Point Model ◽  
Over Time

In standardized educational testing, test items are reused in multiple test administrations. To ensure the validity of test scores, the psychometric properties of items should remain unchanged over time. In this article, we consider the sequential monitoring of test items, in particular, the detection of abrupt changes to their psychometric properties, where a change can be caused by, for example, leakage of the item or change of the corresponding curriculum. We propose a statistical framework for the detection of abrupt changes in individual items. This framework consists of (1) a multistream Bayesian change point model describing sequential changes in items, (2) a compound risk function quantifying the risk in sequential decisions, and (3) sequential decision rules that control the compound risk. Throughout the sequential decision process, the proposed decision rule balances the trade-off between two sources of errors, the false detection of prechange items, and the nondetection of postchange items. An item-specific monitoring statistic is proposed based on an item response theory model that eliminates the confounding from the examinee population which changes over time. Sequential decision rules and their theoretical properties are developed under two settings: the oracle setting where the Bayesian change point model is completely known and a more realistic setting where some parameters of the model are unknown. Simulation studies are conducted under settings that mimic real operational tests.

scholarly journals Designing Dynamic Delivery Parking Spots in Urban Areas to Reduce Traffic Disruptions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Roca-Riu ◽  
Jin Cao ◽  
Igor Dakic ◽  
Monica Menendez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Hydrodynamic Theory ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Road Space ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Pick-up and delivery services are essential for businesses in urban areas. However, due to the limited space in city centers, it might be unfeasible to provide sufficient loading/unloading spots. As a result, this type of operations often interferes with traffic by occupying road space (e.g., illegal parking). In this study, a potential solution is investigated: Dynamic Delivery Parking Spots (DDPS). With this concept, based on the time-varying traffic demand, the area allowed for delivery parking changes over time in order to maximize delivery opportunities while reducing traffic disruptions. Using the hydrodynamic theory of traffic flow, we analyze the traffic discharging rate on an urban link with DDPS. In comparison to the situation without delivery parking, the results show that although DDPS occupy some space on a driving lane, it is possible to keep the delay at a local level, that is, without spreading to the network. In this paper, we provide a methodology for the DDPS design, so that the delivery requests can be satisfied while their negative impacts on traffic are reduced. A simulation study is used to validate the model and to estimate delay compared to real situations with illegal parking, showing that DDPS can reduce system’s delay.

scholarly journals Linking Religious Identity, Participation, and Faith to Domains of Mental Health in Late Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 284-284
Author(s):  
Eva Kahana ◽  
Poshan Dahal ◽  
Tirth Bhatta ◽  
Polina Ermoshkina
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Religious Coping ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Church Attendance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Religiosity in late life has been linked to psychological well-being outcomes. However, there has been insufficient attention to complex associations between different domains of religiosity and domains of psychological wellbeing. We explored associations between religious identity, religious participation, religious coping (trust in God), and mental health indicators of depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, and positive/negative affect among 797 independent, retirement community-dwelling older adults. At baseline, religious identity (expressed as self- concept) and religious participation (church attendance) each were associated with fewer depressive symptoms (b=-0.47, p<0.05; b=-0.19, p<0.05). Religious identity, however, was significantly associated with both life satisfaction and positive affects but not with negative affect. Religious coping was associated with greater life satisfaction and positive affect. Our longitudinal analysis documented a statistically significant decline in depressive symptoms, and increase in life satisfaction and positive affect, with corresponding increase in religious identity over time. However, changes in religious identity did not lead to significant changes in negative affect over time. Religious coping and church attendance fully explained the influence of religious identity on changes in life satisfaction. Although the influence of religious identity on depressive symptoms and positive affect was weakened, its significant influence was maintained even after the consideration of religious coping and church attendance. Beyond religious identity, we also observed a significant increase in positive affect with a corresponding increase in religious coping. Overall, our findings support expectations that religious identification and practices are associated with greater psychological well-being among community dwelling old- old adults.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document