scholarly journals Assimilation and Accommodation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Hanfstingl ◽  
Ana Arzenšek ◽  
Jan Apschner ◽  
Katharina Ingrid Gölly
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Scientific Impact ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Development Trajectories ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Common Understanding

Abstract. This research provides a systematic overview of psychological areas using assimilation and accommodation to explain development and adaptation processes from 1998 to 2018. We primarily aimed to identify the main psychological research areas connected to assimilation and accommodation. We used assimilation and accommodation as keywords to extract data from SpringerLink, PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLES. Of 500 articles, 473 were included in the analysis. Ten categories were identified to allow systematization along with different research areas and development trajectories. The meanings of these terms were analyzed in terms of scientific impact, their connection to Piaget and Baldwin, application, and research methods. Our analysis has distilled the most driving and scientifically relevant approaches to assimilation and accommodation within psychological research, with the work of Baldwin and Piaget influencing practically all views. Thus, we have identified a common understanding of assimilation and accommodation, although the direction of the adaptation process should be made explicit in the future. Based on our analyses, we were able to identify white spots on the research map that should be focused on in future work: the need to better understand the interdependence and synchronicity of both processes, the connection to affects and emotions, and the potential co-research with artificial intelligence.

Social exchange processes, health behaviour, and health behaviour change

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Urte Scholz ◽  
Rainer Hornung
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Multi Method Approach

Abstract. The main research areas of the Social and Health Psychology group at the Department of Psychology at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, are introduced. Exemplarily, three currently ongoing projects are described. The project ”Dyadic exchange processes in couples facing dementia” examines social exchanges in couples with the husband suffering from dementia and is based on Equity Theory. This project applies a multi-method approach by combining self-report with observational data. The ”Swiss Tobacco Monitoring System” (TMS) is a representative survey on smoking behaviour in Switzerland. Besides its survey character, the Swiss TMS also allows for testing psychological research questions on smoking with a representative sample. The project, ”Theory-based planning interventions for changing nutrition behaviour in overweight individuals”, elaborates on the concept of planning. More specifically, it is tested whether there is a critical amount of repetitions of a planning intervention (e.g., three or nine times) in order to ensure long-term effects.

Welcome to the marriage of human capability and artificial intelligence

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Ryan Scott ◽  
Malcolm Le Lievre
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Team Building ◽  
Workplace Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Future ◽  
Human Capability ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore insights methodology and technology by using behavioral to create a mind-set change in the way people work, especially in the age of artificial intelligence (AI). Design/methodology/approach The approach is to examine how AI is driving workplace change, introduce the idea that most organizations have untapped analytics, add the idea of what we know future work will look like and look at how greater, data-driven human behavioral insights will help prepare future human-to-human work and inform people’s work with and alongside AI. Findings Human (behavioral) intelligence will be an increasingly crucial part of behaviorally smart organizations, from hiring to placement to adaptation to team building, compliance and more. These human capability insights will, among other things, better prepare people and organizations for changing work roles, including working with and alongside AI and similar tech innovation. Research limitations/implications No doubt researchers across the private, public and nonprofit sectors will want to further study the nexus of human capability, behavioral insights technology and AI, but it is clear that such work is already underway and can prove even more valuable if adopted on a broader, deeper level. Practical implications Much “people data” inside organizations is currently not being harvested. Validated, scalable processes exist to mine that data and leverage it to help organizations of all types and sizes be ready for the future, particularly in regard to the marriage of human capability and AI. Social implications In terms of human capability and AI, individuals, teams, organizations, customers and other stakeholders will all benefit. The investment of time and other resources is minimal, but must include C-suite buy in. Originality/value Much exists on the softer aspects of the marriage of human capability and AI and other workplace advancements. What has been lacking – until now – is a 1) practical, 2) validated and 3) scalable behavioral insights tech form that quantifiably informs how people and AI will work in the future, especially side by side.

Framework kognitive Produktionsarbeit 4.0/Framework for Cognitive Production Work 4.0 – Conceptualization and Model Approach for the Production System of the Future within the Future Work Lab

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (03) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Simon Schumacher ◽  
Bastian Pokorni
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Production System ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Work Organisation ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Interdisciplinary Project ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Model Approach

Das Future Work Lab ist ein Innovationslabor für Arbeit, Mensch und Technik am Standort Stuttgart mit Fokus auf Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) und vernetzter Arbeitsorganisation. Ein zentraler Bestandteil ist das Framework kognitive Produktionsarbeit 4.0, das als Referenzmodell für das Themenfeld Produktionsarbeit 4.0 dienen soll. Ein entsprechendes Konzept wurde in einem interdisziplinären Projektteam entwickelt. In diesem Beitrag wird das Grobmodell vorgestellt und die weitere Forschungsagenda präsentiert.   The Future Work Lab is an innovation lab for work, people and technology in Stuttgart, Germany with a focus on artificial intelligence and interconnected work organisation. A key component consists of the framework for cognitive production work 4.0, which will serve as a reference model for the research topics. A corresponding concept was developed in an interdisciplinary project team. In this article the raw model is introduced and the further research agenda is presented.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status in Brazilian psychological research: I. validity, measurement, and application

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo de Castro Ribas Jr. ◽  
Maria Lucia Seidl de Moura ◽  
Isabela Dias Soares ◽  
Alessandra Aparecida do Nascimento Gomes ◽  
Marc H. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Research Areas

This review has several objectives: To describe and discuss theoretical conceptions of the construct of socioeconomic status (SES) and to argue for its vital role in psychological research; to present and analyze procedures employed to measure SES and trends in their utilization; and to review and discuss the use of SES measures in Brazilian psychological literature. The relative position of individuals, families, and groups in a given hierarchy (frequently converted into a score produced by a scale) is what has usually been called SES. The main indicators and procedures used to measure SES are discussed in regard to its advantages and disadvantages. A review of the literature offers evidence of the importance of the SES in different psychological processes. A systematic evaluation of articles from the PsycARTICLES database was conducted and revealed that the percentage of articles published annually that employed socioeconomic status increased steadily and substantially from 1988 through 2000 and that SES has been consistently applied more in some research areas (e.g., developmental, clinical, social psychology). A content analysis of the use of SES in articles published from 1981 through 2001 in three prominent Brazilian psychology journals was conducted showing that reliable SES measures are not commonly used in the Brazilian psychological literature. The results of these reviews and analyses are discussed in terms of their implications for further progress of psychological literature, especially in Brazil, with regard SES.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Ion Channel Bioinformatics

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Md. Ashrafuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Ion Channel ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Huge Data ◽  
Functional Aspects

Ion channels are linked to important cellular processes. For more than half a century, we have been learning various structural and functional aspects of ion channels using biological, physiological, biochemical, and biophysical principles and techniques. In recent days, bioinformaticians and biophysicists having the necessary expertise and interests in computer science techniques including versatile algorithms have started covering a multitude of physiological aspects including especially evolution, mutations, and genomics of functional channels and channel subunits. In these focused research areas, the use of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) algorithms and associated models have been found very popular. With the help of available articles and information, this review provide an introduction to this novel research trend. Ion channel understanding is usually made considering the structural and functional perspectives, gating mechanisms, transport properties, channel protein mutations, etc. Focused research on ion channels and related findings over many decades accumulated huge data which may be utilized in a specialized scientific manner to fast conclude pinpointed aspects of channels. AI, ML, and DL techniques and models may appear as helping tools. This review aims at explaining the ways we may use the bioinformatics techniques and thus draw a few lines across the avenue to let the ion channel features appear clearer.

scholarly journals Comparing the Emergence of Technical and Social Sciences Research in Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre K. Ligo ◽  
Krista Rand ◽  
Jason Bassett ◽  
S. E. Galaitsi ◽  
Benjamin D. Trump ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Security Engineering ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collaborative Engagement ◽  
Scientists And Engineers

Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be examined from perspectives of different disciplines and research areas ranging from computer science and security, engineering, policymaking, and sociology. The technical scholarship of emerging technologies usually precedes the discussion of their societal implications but can benefit from social science insight in scientific development. Therefore, there is an urgent need for scientists and engineers developing AI algorithms and applications to actively engage with scholars in the social sciences. Without collaborative engagement, developers may encounter resistance to the approval and adoption of their technological advancements. This paper reviews a dataset, collected by Elsevier from the Scopus database, of papers on AI application published between 1997 and 2018, and examines how the co-development of technical and social science communities has grown throughout AI's earliest to latest stages of development. Thus far, more AI research exists that combines social science and technical explorations than AI scholarship of social sciences alone, and both categories are dwarfed by technical research. Moreover, we identify a relative absence of AI research related to its societal implications such as governance, ethics, or moral implications of the technology. The future of AI scholarship will benefit from both technical and social science examinations of the discipline's risk assessment, governance, and public engagement needs, to foster advances in AI that are sustainable, risk-informed, and societally beneficial.

scholarly journals Devices for Continuous Recording of "Integral ECG" for Determining Vital Physiological Indicators of a Person's State and Their use in Bio Cybernetic Complexes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogatyrev Evgeniy ◽  
Kodkin Vladimir
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Continuous Recording ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Creation

One of the rapidly developing research areas is the creation of systems. which are commonly referred to as cyberphysical complexes. In such systems, devices and complexes interact with a completely different physical nature. The role of a person in such systems usually consists in the formation of final tasks for “artificial intelligence” and executive mechanisms. The functioning of actuators is controlled by accurate information systems.

scholarly journals Human Gaze Assisted Artificial Intelligence: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruohan Zhang ◽  
Akanksha Saran ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Yifeng Zhu ◽  
Sihang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Robotics

Human gaze reveals a wealth of information about internal cognitive state. Thus, gaze-related research has significantly increased in computer vision, natural language processing, decision learning, and robotics in recent years. We provide a high-level overview of the research efforts in these fields, including collecting human gaze data sets, modeling gaze behaviors, and utilizing gaze information in various applications, with the goal of enhancing communication between these research areas. We discuss future challenges and potential applications that work towards a common goal of human-centered artificial intelligence.

scholarly journals Groundwork of artificial intelligence humanities

JAHR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-207
Author(s):  
Chankyu Lee ◽  
Hyeongjoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The World ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
Literature History ◽  
Derivatives Of

The aim of the Artificial Intelligence Humanities is to present humanistic suggestions for our lives and academia regarding how humans will live in a smart city surrounded by artificial intelligence technology. With that purpose in mind, we introduce the groundwork for the Artificial Intelligence Humanities and share our related concerns. As a concept, “Artificial Intelligence Humanities” comprises three elements: “artificial intelligence,” “content of the humanities,” and “methodology of the humanities.” The “content of the humanities,” comprises the derivatives of the traditional humanities, namely, linguistics, literature, history, ethics, sociology, and cultural studies. These five research areas, along with the discipline created through the traditional humanities’ acceptance of the changes brought by the age of intelligence, are derived by reflecting on oneself and the world, and they are applied to the world as it exists today in the age of artificial intelligence and the humanities.

Measuring the Unmeasurable? Taking Stock of QoG Measures

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-114
Author(s):  
Nicholas Charron
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Quality Indicator ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Scientific Impact ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Future Work

This chapter discusses a wide scope of the available indicators of quality of government. It begins with a brief history of the development of the indicators and their scientific impact on social science research. The chapter posits a typology of the various ways in which indicators of governance can differ and implications of such differences. The chapter then reveals the degree to which contemporary cross-country indicators of corruption in particular correlate. Next, several well-established critiques of contemporary data are presented. The chapter concludes with several comments on what makes a good quality indicator and puts for several suggestions for future work in this ever-growing field.

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