A Threat in the Classroom

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Neuburger ◽  
Petra Jansen ◽  
Martin Heil ◽  
Claudia Quaiser-Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Stereotype Lift ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

Females’ performance in a gender-stereotyped domain is impaired when negative gender stereotypes are activated (Nguyen & Ryan, 2008). “Stereotype threat” affects the gender difference in adults’ mental-rotation performance (e.g., Moè & Pazzaglia, 2006). Our study investigated this effect in fourth graders. Two hundred sixteen males and females solved two mental-rotation tests. In between, a gender-difference instruction was given (“boys better,” “girls better,” “no gender difference”). A significant interaction of time and gender was found in the “girls better”-condition and in the “no gender difference”-condition: As expected, the male performance advantage disappeared after these two instructions, because girls improved and boys deteriorated. Thus, the study suggests that the gender effect in mental rotation is affected by stereotype threat and stereotype lift from the very beginning of its occurrence. Results are discussed within a biopsychosocial framework and seem to play an important role with regard to the “hidden curriculum” in schools.

Smart Girls, Dumb Boys!?

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Latsch ◽  
Bettina Hannover
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
School Students ◽  
Compensatory Strategies ◽  
Media Portrayal ◽  
Stereotype Lift ◽  
The Media

We investigated effects of the media’s portrayal of boys as “scholastic failures” on secondary school students. The negative portrayal induced stereotype threat (boys underperformed in reading), stereotype reactance (boys displayed stronger learning goals towards mathematics but not reading), and stereotype lift (girls performed better in reading but not in mathematics). Apparently, boys were motivated to disconfirm their group’s negative depiction, however, while they could successfully apply compensatory strategies when describing their learning goals, this motivation did not enable them to perform better. Overall the media portrayal thus contributes to the maintenance of gender stereotypes, by impairing boys’ and strengthening girls’ performance in female connoted domains and by prompting boys to align their learning goals to the gender connotation of the domain.

STEREOTYPE THREAT AND STEREOTYPE LIFT: THE CASE OF 10 YEAR OLD GIRLS AND BOYS

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Anna Kwiatkowska ◽  
Małgorzata Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Stereotype Lift ◽  
And Performance

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of stereotypical and counter-stereotypicalinformation on the self-esteem and cognitive performance of 10-year-old children. Our sampleconsisted of 37 girls and 37 boys. Children were presented with 10 “mathematical” puzzles in threeexperimental conditions: stereotypical (boys are better), counter-stereotypical (girls are better), andthe control condition (no particular information). Self-esteem was measured using a non-verbaltask. The results showed a significant interaction effect of “condition x sex” on self-esteem andperformance. Girls revealed no significant differences between control and experimental conditions,while boys showed a significant drop in self-esteem and performance in the counter-stereotypicalcondition as compared to the control condition and a significant lift in self-esteem and performancein the stereotypical condition as compared to the control condition.

The effect of power and gender on technology acceptance

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Peter Nyheim ◽  
Anna S. Mattila
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
High Power ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Gender

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the joint effect of power and gender on individuals’ perceptions and evaluations of information systems (IS), and their behavioral intentions of technology acceptance. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a 2 (powerful vs powerless) × 2 (female vs male) between-subject experimental design. A total of 128 subjects participated in the experiment. Findings – The results suggest that there is a significant gender difference in terms of technology acceptance in the high-power condition. Further, such a gender difference is attenuated in the low-power condition. Specifically, when primed with the feeling of powerful, male users (vs female users) have higher computer self-efficacy and rate the IS as easier to use and more enjoyable. However, when the feeling of powerless was elicited, the effect of gender on technology acceptance disappeared. Originality/value – The gender effect on technology acceptance has been widely studied. The current research extends the literature by considering the moderating effect of power on such a gender effect.

scholarly journals The Ultimatum Game and Gender Effect: Experimental Evidence from Pakistan

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Razzaque
Keyword(s):  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Normative Economic ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
New Form ◽  
Behavioural Economic ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multidimensional Behaviour

Laboratory experimentation was once considered impossible or irrelevant in economics. Recently, however, economic science has gone through a real ‘laboratory revolution’, and experimental economics is now a most lively subfield of the discipline. This study attempts to examine answers to questions of the changing behaviour of opposite sexes under conditions of both anonymity and knowledge of gender by playing the ultimatum game in Pakistan. It is observed that the behaviour of males and females in Pakistani society is quite different from that found in earlier studies. Insights from the previous experiments have already shown that normative economic theory had failed in its predictions of human behaviour. Currently, the ultimatum game is widely discussed in behavioural economic literature, and this paper will adjust the traditional ultimatum game into a new form wherein it will be tested in the country (Pakistan) with multidimensional behaviour of subjects. With regard to gender effect specifically, all previous studies came up with somewhat mixed results, since results do not always point in the same direction and it is rather early to draw far-reaching conclusions regarding the behavioural differences of men and women. More facts are required in order to move towards the development of a systematic theory. This work is a small attempt to investigate the changing behaviour of opposite sexes under different controlled conditions.

scholarly journals Double Jeopardy-Analyzing the Combined Effect of Age and Gender Stereotype Threat on Older Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Manzi ◽  
Angela Sorgente ◽  
Eleonora Reverberi ◽  
Semira Tagliabue ◽  
Mara Gorli
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Identity Processes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Effect Of Age

In this study we aim to analyze the combined effect of age-based and gender stereotype threat on work identity processes (and in particular on authenticity and organizational identification) and on work performance (self-rating performance). The research utilizes an ample sample of over fifty-year-old workers from diverse organizations in Italy. Using a person-centered approach four clusters of workers were identified: low in both age-based and gender stereotype threat (N = 4,689), high in gender and low in age-based stereotype threat (N = 1,735), high in age-based and low in gender stereotype threat (N = 2,013) and high in both gender and age-based stereotype threat (N = 758). Gender was significantly associated with these clusters and women were more frequently present in those groups with high gender stereotype threat. ANOVA results show that workers in the last two clusters score significantly lower in authenticity, organizational identification and self-rate performance. All in all, if ageism is undoubtedly problematic for older workers’ identity processes, ageism and gender-stereotypes represent a double risk for women over fifty in the workplace. The analysis of the results can be beneficial both for the theoretical advancement and for the practical insights offered in the organizational and management field, where new policies of HR management can be elaborated, in order to value and to improve the workers experience.

Understanding the role of culture and gender stereotypes in women entrepreneurship through the lens of the stereotype threat theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwame Adom ◽  
Golda Anambane
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Stereotype Threat Theory ◽  
Upper East Region ◽  
And Gender

Purpose This paper aims to explore the role of culture and gender stereotypes in the entrepreneurial journey of women entrepreneurs. It specifically focuses on women entrepreneurs in the Nabdam district of Ghana. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted the qualitative approach and collected data from 20 women entrepreneurs in the Nabdam district in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Data were collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews which were analysed according to identified themes. Findings The key finding of the study is that culture, through gender stereotypes, acts as a “push” motivational factor of women entrepreneurship and breeds more necessity-driven women entrepreneurs than opportunity-driven ones. However, gender stereotyping is found to be a bane to entrepreneurial success of several women-owned enterprises. Due to gender stereotypes, countless women entrepreneurs are sceptical about venturing into “unknown sector” sectors not familiar and operating larger businesses that are likely to yield more profits. Originality/value Currently, there is less research on entrepreneurship and culture/gender stereotypes until now in Ghana, and this study seeks to bridge this gap. The results are discussed linking what is pertaining in other economic landscapes, thus avoiding just national perspectives. This is the first known study conducted in the study area that looks at entrepreneurship through the lens of culture-gender stereotypes.

Gender Role Orientation Moderates Effects of Stereotype Activation on Test Performances

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Tempel ◽  
Roland Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Gender Role Orientation ◽  
Stereotype Activation ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Stereotype Lift

Abstract. We investigated the moderation of effects of activated gender stereotypes on the performance of women in tests of different ability domains. The Bem Sex Role Inventory assessed masculinity and femininity. The difference of the masculinity and femininity scores served as a continuous independent variable of gender role orientation. Only participants with feminine gender role orientation suffered from stereotype activation with regard to mental rotation and math performance. In contrast, participants with feminine gender role orientation profited from stereotype activation with regard to emotional sensitivity performance. These results demonstrate a generally higher susceptibility to gender stereotypes of women with feminine gender role orientation. Higher self-relevance of stereotypes was associated with stronger stereotype threat, but also stronger stereotype lift or boost.

Relationship among islamic dress, religious values and altruistic behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Mahfuza Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Altruistic Behavior ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Islamic Dress ◽  
The Relationship

The present study explored the relationship among Islamic dress, religious values and altruistic behavior. For the study, a total of 120 individuals (60 males and 60 females) were taken by purposive and convenient sampling method. The age of the participants was ranged from 18 to 26 years. To measure altruistic behavior, a pile of loose papers, some books, eraser, etc. and to measure the religious values of the participants, the Allport-Vernon-Lidzey Value Scale were applied on participants selected from different categories. Results showed that dress is significantly correlated with religious values and altruistic behavior. Significant differences have been found in both religious values and altruistic behavior between the participants wearing secular dress and Islamic dress and between male and female respondents. Significant interaction effect also has been found between dress and gender. Result revealed that the participants wearing Islamic dress have more religious values (M =37.31, SD = 6.89) and they show greater altruistic behavior (M = 5.48, SD =1.64) than those wear Secular dress (M =34.41, SD = 6.64 and M = 4.15, SD = 1.54) respectively. In terms of gender difference, it has been found that boys reported significantly less religious values (t = -2.14, p < .01) and greater altruistic behavior (t = 4.59, p <0.05) in comparison to girls. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(1): 13-21, 2021 (January)

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