scholarly journals Symptoms of Muscle Dysmorphia Between Users of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids With Varying Usage and Bodybuilding Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Marc Ashley Harris ◽  
Tina Alwyn ◽  
Michael Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Muscle Dysmorphia ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Image Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

Abstract. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) usage has been repeatedly linked with a body image disorder called Muscle Dysmorphia (MD). However, evidence for how this relationship manifests is currently inconclusive. This study focused on the extent to which MD may precipitate or perpetuate the use of AAS. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, the sample consisted of 57 users (current and lifetime) and 51 non-using (never used AAS) bodybuilders recruited from two bodybuilding dedicated gymnasiums located in Wales, UK. Significantly higher levels of MD were found in users compared to non-users across training experience duration (0–2, 3–5, and 6+ years). MD levels irrespective of AAS usage (users vs. non-users) were consistent between 0–2 and 3–5 years of training declining however between those of 6+ years training experience. No differences were reported in symptoms of MD between users of AAS with varying lengths of AAS use exposure. This provides preliminary evidence suggesting MD may influence both initiation and maintenance of AAS use; however, neither regular gym attendance nor prolonged AAS usage may exacerbate MD symptoms.

scholarly journals Countering Vaccine Hesitancy among Pregnant Women in England: The Case of Boostrix-IPV

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 4984
Author(s):  
Mairead Ryan ◽  
Laura A V Marlow ◽  
Alice Forster
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Vaccine Acceptability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

This study explored the effects of message framing on vaccine hesitancy for the antenatal whooping cough vaccine. The study also assessed whether the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) constructs had any explanatory utility for vaccine intentions and behaviours in pregnant women. A between-subjects, cross-sectional design was employed. Participants (n = 282) were women who were pregnant (mean = 28 weeks, SD = 7.0), living in England and between 18 and 44 years of age. A self-report web-based survey was used to collect data. Participants were randomly assigned to read either (i) disease risk, (ii) myth busting, or (iii) control information before answering questions based on the TPB. No significant effects of message framing were found. Attitudes (Beta = 0.699; p < 0.001) and subjective norms (Beta = 0.262, p < 0.001) significantly predicted intention to vaccinate but perceived behavioural control did not. The TPB constructs accounted for 86% and 36% of the variance in vaccine intention and vaccine history respectively. Disease risk information did not influence vaccine acceptability in this sample of English pregnant women. The study offered preliminary evidence that interventions targeting constructs from the TPB may promote vaccine acceptability among pregnant women.

scholarly journals Safe Blood Transfusion Practices among Nurses in a Major Referral Center in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Agnes Asare Bediako ◽  
Rasheed Ofosu-Poku ◽  
Andrews Adjei Druye
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge Questionnaire ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Safe Blood ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Errors in transfusion of blood and blood products can lead to preventable morbidity and mortality. Nurses constitute a significant aspect of the transfusion process as they are the last in the chain of getting blood directly to the patient. They must, therefore, be conversant with the current standard of national and international guidelines on blood transfusion and appropriate management of adverse transfusion events. This study assesses the knowledge and practices of blood transfusion safety among nurses at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, and structured questionnaire (Routine Blood Transfusion Knowledge Questionnaire) was used to collect data from 279 nurses from seven clinical directorates of the hospital. The data were processed with Stata version 14.0. Variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and relationships were drawn using inferential statistics. Over 90% of the respondents had a minimum of a diploma in nursing or midwifery, 63% had performed blood transfusion at least 5 times, and 46% had never received any training on blood transfusion. The mean score obtained in all four categories of blood transfusion knowledge assessed was 29, with 54% of the respondents scoring below the mean. The highest overall score on knowledge was 53%. This indicates that nurses had poor knowledge regarding safe blood transfusion practices as stipulated in the clinical guidelines for blood transfusion by Ghana’s National Blood Service. There was no statistically significant relationship between training/experience and knowledge of safe blood transfusion practices. Regular and continuous update training and audit are needed to safeguard patient safety during blood transfusion.

scholarly journals Eating disorders and body image dissatisfaction among college students

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Cristina Lofrano-Prado ◽  
Wagner Luiz Prado ◽  
Mauro Virgílio Gomes Barros ◽  
Sandra Lopes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Eat 26

Introduction: Body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating behavior increase during college. Objectives: To identify symptoms of eating disorders and body image dissatisfaction in college students and to verify the relationship between eating disorders and body image dissatisfaction. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 408 college students (283 females), aged 18-23y, enrolled in the first semester of health science in public universities from Recife-PE. Symptoms of eating disorders and body image dissatisfaction were assessed by self-report questionnaires (EAT-26, BITE, BES, BSQ). Results: Body image dissatisfaction was independently associated with a 22-fold increased risk for anorexia nervosa, 18-fold for bulimia nervosa and 25-fold for binge eating. Female college students (32.5%; CI95%=27.2-38.1%) have higher symptoms of eating disorders than males (18.4%; CI95%=12.3-25.9%). Specifically for bulimia, both females (26.1%; CI95%=21.3-31.5%) and males (21.6%; CI95%=15.1-29.5%) are at greater risk of developing this illness. Conclusion: The current findings provide preliminary evidence about risks of college health sciences students with body image dissatisfaction to develop eating disorders.

Physical Perceptions and Self-Concept in Athletes with Muscle Dysmorphia Symptoms

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene González-Martí ◽  
Juan Gregorio Fernández Bustos ◽  
Andrea Hernández-Martínez ◽  
Onofre Ricardo Contreras Jordán
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Muscle Dysmorphia ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Body Image Disorder

AbstractIndividuals affected by Muscle Dysmorphia (MD; body image disorder based on the sub estimation of muscle size), practice weightlifting in order to alleviate their muscular dissatisfaction. Although physical activity is associated with increased physical self-perception, we assume that this was not reproduced in full in people with MD. The study sample consisted of 734 weightlifters and bodybuilders, 562 men and 172 women, who completed the Escala de Satisfacción Muscular, the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire, and from whom measures of body fat and Fat -Free Mass Index (FFMI) were obtained. The results showed that people suffering from MD symptoms, overall, have poorer physical self-concept perceptions (F = 18.46 - 34.77, p < .01).

scholarly journals Kurang Energi Kronik (KEK) Remaja Putri Pelajar SMU/SMK dI Kabupaten Karangasem Propinsi Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Imade Suarjana
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
High School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Energy Deficiency ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

The chronic energy deficiency (CED) for reproductive women in Bali is high prevalence. This is a serious problem because they will greatly determine the quality of human resources in the next generations. The purpose study is to determine the risk factors for The CED problem of senior high school students in Karangasem Regency. This study is an observational with a cross sectional design and uses statistical Mantel Haentzel chi square method to determine the significance of risk factors.The results found from fifteen factors suspected of triggering CED in girl teenagers, there were five significant factors, namely the energy intake (OR=2,101; 95% CI=1,295 - 3,409) and protein (OR=0,394; 95% CI=0.241 - 0.644); perceptions of nutrition (OR = 1,942; 95% CI = 1,197 - 3,151); physical activity (1,83; 95% CI =1,029-3,252) and body image (OR = 1,863; 95% CI = 1,133 - 3,062). The prevention of CED need to be intensified by an emphasis on healthy living behaviors that form positive body image. Efforts should also be made to improve diet by increasing the consumption of vegetables and fruits which are the main sources of micronutrient which greatly supports the metabolic processes which are known to run very fast in the period of adolescent growth.

scholarly journals Anabolic–androgenic steroids and dietary supplements among resistance trained individuals in western cities of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameen Mosleh Almohammadi ◽  
Anas Mohammed Edriss ◽  
Turki Talal Enani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

Abstract Background Anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) contain testosterone-like androgens and are used as supplements to improve performance, therapeutic measures, appearance, and muscular development. Purpose This study aimed to estimate using anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) and good and bad practices about dietary supplements among resistance-trained individuals. It further seeked to determine the use of common drugs and supplements containing anabolic steroids among resistance-trained individuals (who work out at the sports centre) and assess users' knowledge about its side effects. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the sports centres of the western cities of Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 120 male resistance-trained individuals. Results The majority of the participants (80%) reported that they had not used any hormonal bodybuilding supplement last year, while 20% said they had used such hormonal supplements. Approximately half (52.5%) of participants reported that they always used dietary supplements. A total of 44.2% of participants possessed inadequate knowledge of these products. The main reason behind the use of hormones and supplements was to increase muscle mass. Conclusions A minority of resistance-trained individuals in the studied population frequently misused AAS. However, the results cannot be generalised to the whole of Saudi Arabia. AAS consumption can be reduced by enhancing the level of awareness and knowledge of potential adverse health outcomes.

Attitudes Toward Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Among Non-competing Athletes in Various Types of Sports – A Cross-sectional Study –

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Singhammer
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Sports Data ◽  
Population Based Survey

Methods Aims: This study investigated the association between attitudes and intentions to use of anabolic - androgenic - steroids (AAS) between participants in various sports and within sports. Data were derived through a cross - sectional population based survey on 5,010 men and women aged 15 to 60 years. Response - rate was 34%. A combination of postal and web-based questionnaire was used. Data for the present study was restricted to 1,045 males. Results: Prevalence of AAS use was 23 (1.8 %), and 104 (5.3 %) of the respondents had considered AAS - use. On average, respondents that had considered using AAS held more positive attitudes toward AAS - use, compared to respondents without experienced within all types of sports. The biggest difference between considered and non - experienced was observed for Aerobics (1.09 CI, 0.76 - 1.41, R2 = 0.23, p = 0.000). No difference in attitudes to AAS - use between types of sports were observed. Conclusions: Attitudes toward AAS did not vary between types of sports and the level of acceptance was consistently higher among non - competing athletes with intentions to use AAS, regardless of the type of sport. The implication of the observations suggests that preventive actions against AAS use should revolve around individuals suggesting interest in AAS regardless of type of sport.

scholarly journals Persepsi tentang nutrition claims, perilaku makan, dan body image antara mahasiswi kesehatan dan non-kesehatan

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fahmy Arif Tsani ◽  
Ananda Eka Astirani ◽  
Restu Amalia ◽  
Lisa Indraswari ◽  
Okky Lupitasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Nutrition Claims ◽  
Subject Selection ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
High Level

Background: Food Marketing Institute survey results showed that 57% of consumers choose products with whole grain claims, 54% high fiber, and 53% low fat. In Indonesia, there is increasing public demand for products of low fat and high fiber. A person with a high level of knowledge, especially in those who have knowledge of health, should have a better understanding. However, it becomes difficult in transition adolescence to early adulthood period. Concern about body image to be the reason which more students choose foods that are believed to maintain the appearance remains interesting, such as on products with nutrition claims.Objective: To determine differences in perception of nutrition claims, food behaviors, and body images on health and non-health students.Method: This type of research is an observational study with cross-sectional design with two groups. The respondents were Gadjah Mada University students aged 19-24 years. Subject selection is based on consecutive sampling technique.Results: Perceptions of nutrition claims between health and non-health students differ significantly (p=0.000). In both groups, the food behavior which includes the consumption of fat (p=0.803) and fiber (p=0.926) did not differ, whether from food or natural products. There is no significantly difference in body image between the two groups (p=0.463).Conclusion: Between health and non-health students have different perceptions of nutrition claims, but there is no difference in food behaviours and body image between the two groups.

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