Cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns of dedifferentiation in late-life cognitive and sensory function: The effects of age, ability, attrition, and occasion of measurement.

Abstract Background Studies suggest that a higher education and occupation are each associated with a higher late-life cognitive ability, but their inter-relationships in their association with cognitive ability and the contribution of peak IQ in young adulthood (‘pre-morbid IQ’) often remain unclear. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of 623 participants aged ≥65 years of the BioCog study. Education was coded according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED; range 1 to 6). Occupation was coded as ‘semi/unskilled’, ‘skilled manual’, ‘skilled non-manual’, ‘managerial’, ‘professional’. A summary score of global ability (‘g’) was constructed from six cognitive tests. Pre-morbid IQ was estimated from vocabulary. The Geriatric Depression Scale assessed symptoms of depression. Age- and sex-adjusted analyses of covariance were performed. Results Education (partial eta2 0.076; p < 0.001) and occupation (partial eta2 = 0.037; p < 0.001) were each significantly associated with g. For education, the association was attenuated but remained statistically significant when pre-morbid IQ was controlled for (partial eta2 0.036; p < 0.001) and was unchanged with additional adjustment for depression (partial eta2 0.037; p < 0.001). For occupation, the association with g was no longer significant when pre-morbid IQ (partial eta2 = 0.015; p = 0.06) and depression (partial eta2 = 0.011; p = 0.18) were entered as covariates in separate steps. When education and occupation were entered concurrently into the fully adjusted model, only education was independently associated with g (partial eta2 0.030; p < 0.001; occupation, p = 0.93). Conclusion While a higher education and a higher occupation were each associated with a higher late-life cognitive ability, only for education some unique contribution to cognitive ability remained over and above its relationship with pre-morbid IQ, depression, and occupation. Further research is needed to address whether a longer time spent in education may promote late-life cognitive ability.

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Do social factors mediate or moderate the sensory-cognitive associations in older adults in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging?

10.31234/osf.io/y8mh9 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anni Hämäläinen ◽

Natalie Phillips ◽

Walter Wittich ◽

Paul Mick ◽

M Kathleen Pichora-Fuller

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Social Factors ◽

Pure Tone Audiometry ◽

Sensory Function ◽

Sensory Loss ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Social Variables ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related

Sensory and cognitive function both tend to decline with increasing age. Sensory impairments are risk factors for age-related cognitive decline and dementia. One hypothesis about sensory-cognitive associations is that sensory loss results in social isolation which, in turn, is a risk factor for cognitive decline. We tested whether social factors are associated with cognitive and sensory function, and whether sensory-cognitive associations are mediated or moderated by social factors. We used cross-sectional data from 30,029 participants in the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging, aged 45-85 years, who had no reported cognitive impairment or diagnosis of dementia. We found strong independent associations of self-reported social variables with hearing (pure-tone audiometry), vision (pinhole-corrected visual acuity), and executive function and weaker associations with memory. The moderating and mediating effects of social variables on sensory-cognitive associations were weak and mostly non-significant, but social factors could be slightly more important for females and older people. Partial retirement (relative to full retirement or not being retired) may have protective effects on cognition in the presence of hearing loss. These findings confirm the association between social factors and sensory and cognitive measures. However, support is weak for the hypothesis that social factors shape sensory-cognitive associations.

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Abstract P010: Mid-life Vitamin D Levels and Later Life Performance on Neuropsychological Testing: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Oluwaseun E Fashanu ◽

Di Zhao ◽

Andrea L Schneider ◽

Andreea M Rawlings ◽

Richey A Sharrett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Neuropsychological Testing ◽

Late Life ◽

Later Life ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

And Performance ◽

Age Range

Background: Prior cross-sectional studies among older adults have found associations between low vitamin D (vitD) levels and reduced cognitive performance but were unable to distinguish the temporal order between vitD and the onset of dementia. We examined the association between mid-life vitD levels, assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitD, with later life performance on neuropsychological testing. Methods: We conducted a non-concurrent cross-sectional analysis of 5,887 white and black participants enrolled in the ARIC Neurocognitive Study. We included participants who had serum vitD concentrations measured at visit 2 (1990-1992; age range 47-69 years) and who had neuropsychological and functional testing at visit 5 (2011-2013; age range 67-91 years). Neuropsychological tests were grouped into memory, language, and executive function domains and were standardized. We categorized vitD using clinical cut points as deficient (<20 ng/mL), intermediate (20-<30 ng/mL), or sufficient (≥ 30 ng/mL). We used Poisson and linear regression models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors to examine the associations between vitD with prevalent dementia and performance on neuropsychological testing. Results: In mid-life, the mean (SD) age of participants was 56 (5) years, 60% were female, and 22% black. Mean (SD) vitD was 24.6 (8.4) ng/mL; 30% had deficient, 46% intermediate, and 24% sufficient vitD levels. Compared to participants with sufficient vitD levels, the prevalence ratios (95% CI) of late-life dementia were 1.35 (0.99, 1.84) and 1.27 (0.90, 1.80) for participants with intermediate and deficient vitD levels, respectively. We found no significant association between mid-life vitD and late-life performance on neuropsychological testing ( Table ). Further adjustments for cardiovascular, genetic, and metabolic factors yielded similar results. Conclusion: In this cohort, mid-life serum vitD levels were not associated with prevalent dementia or with performance on neuropsychological testing 20 years later.

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Social, Health, and Age Differences Associated with Depressive Disorders in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.2190/2tr5-81fg-h7a6-l9dp ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 179-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sandra K. Plach ◽

Linda Napholz ◽

Sheryl T. Kelber

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Functional Status ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Social Role ◽

Late Life ◽

Health Problems ◽

Survey Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Role Balance

Depression in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be related to social role experiences, physical health, and age. The purpose of this study was to examine the social and health factors contributing to depression in two age groups of women with RA. One-hundred and thirty-eight midlife and late-life women with a diagnosis of RA participated in this cross sectional survey study. Multiple regression analysis indicated that social role balance, functional status, number of co-existing health problems, and age were significant predictors of depression in midlife and late-life women with RA. Role balance was the strongest factor contributing to a woman's depression score. Compared to midlife women, late-life women reported significantly higher role balance and lower depression scores, despite poorer functional status and more concomitant health problems.

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A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Late-Life Cardiovascular Factors and Their Relation to Clinically Defined Neurodegenerative Diseases

Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders ◽

10.1097/wad.0000000000000138 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 223-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Brittany N. Dugger ◽

Michael Malek-Ahmadi ◽

Sarah E. Monsell ◽

Walter A. Kukull ◽

Bryan K. Woodruff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Late Life ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Sectional Analysis

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Self-reported socio-economic status, social, physical and leisure activities and risk for malnutrition in late life: A cross-sectional population-based study

The journal of nutrition health & aging ◽

10.1007/s12603-010-0286-4 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 233-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Annalisa Timpini ◽

E. Facchi ◽

S. Cossi ◽

M. K. Ghisla ◽

G. Romanelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Status ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Late Life ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Socio Economic Status

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Associations of Physiological State, Cognitive Function, Sensory Function, and Biochemical Index with Frailty Status Among Patients with Schizophrenia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1067053/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Li-Hui Wu ◽

Ching-Yun Kao ◽

Shu-Fang Chang

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Physiological State ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sensory Function ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Maintenance ◽

Biochemical Index ◽

Frailty Status ◽

Sleeping Pills ◽

Lower Educational Attainment

Abstract The literature on the prevalence and effect of the frailty status of patients with schizophrenia is limited. The interactions between frailty and psychiatric disorders warrant exploration. This study primarily aimed to explore the associations of physiological state, cognitive function, sensory function, and biochemical index with frailty status among patients with schizophrenia. A cross-sectional study design was adopted. Patients with schizophrenia were selected using purposive sampling. Frailty was revealed to be more prevalent with lower educational attainment, more hospitalization days, higher skeletal muscle percentage, higher basal metabolic rate, having fallen in the past year, use of anxiolytics or tranquilizers and sleeping pills, lower cognitive function, and use of assistive equipment. In addition, physiological state, cognitive function, and sensory function differed depending on the incidence of frailty among patients with schizophrenia. Cognitive function and the reduction of frailty incidence should be emphasized. Institutional nursing staff should regularly assess patients’ frailty risk, pay attention to changes in patients’ physiological state, monitor the cognitive function of patients, and recommend physical therapy and exercises to improve the strength, conditioning, and mobility of patients with schizophrenia for health maintenance and positive aging.

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Unmet care needs, care provision and patient satisfaction in patients with a late life depression: a cross-sectional study

Aging & Mental Health ◽

10.1080/13607863.2018.1426716 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 491-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Frans Clignet ◽

Wim Houtjes ◽

Annemieke van Straten ◽

Pim Cuijpers ◽

Berno van Meijel

Keyword(s):

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Late Life ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Provision ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Late Life Depression ◽

Care Needs ◽

Cross Sectional

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Longitudinal Association Between Cognition and Depression in Patients With Late-Life Depression: A Cross-Lagged Design Study

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.577058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Zhangying Wu ◽

Xiaomei Zhong ◽

Qi Peng ◽

Ben Chen ◽

Min Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Late Life ◽

Equation Model ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Information Processing Speed ◽

Late Life Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Two Factors ◽

Longitudinal Association

Objectives: Although previous studies have extensively confirmed the cross-sectional relationship between cognitive impairment and depression in depressed elderly patients, the findings of their longitudinal associations are still mixed. The purpose of this study was to explore the two-way causal relationship between depression symptoms and cognition in patients with late-life depression (LLD).Methods: A total of 90 patients with LLD were assessed across two time points (baseline and 1-year follow up) on measures of 3 aspects of cognition and depressive symptoms. The data were then fitted to a structural equation model to examine two cross-lagged effects.Results: Depressive symptoms predicted a decline in executive function (β = 0.864, p = 0.049) but not vice versa. Moreover, depressive symptoms were predicted by a decline in scores of working memory test (β = −0.406, p = 0.023), respectively. None of the relationships between the two factors was bidirectional.Conclusion: These results provide robust evidence that the relationship between cognition and depressive symptoms is unidirectional. Depressive symptoms may be a risk factor for cognitive decline. The decrease of information processing speed predicts depressive symptoms.

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