Conditional Giving: The Role of Conflict Specific Factors on Willingness to Sacrifice

This paper discusses the relation between the quality and quantity indicators of physical capital and modernisation. While international academic literature emphasises the role of intangible factors enabling technology generation and absorption rather than that of physical capital accumulation, this paper argues that the quantity and quality of physical capital are important modernisation factors, particularly in the case of small, undercapitalised countries that recently integrated into the world economy. The paper shows that in Hungary, as opposed to developed countries, the technological upgrading of capital assets was not necessarily accompanied by the upgrading of human capital i.e. the thesis of capital skill complementarity did not apply to the first decade of transformation and capital accumulation in Hungary. Finally, the paper shows that there are large differences between the average technological levels of individual industries. The dualism of the Hungarian economy, which is also manifest in terms of differences in the size of individual industries' technological gaps, is a disadvantage from the point of view of competitiveness. The increasing differences in the size of the technological gaps can be explained not only with industry-specific factors, but also with the weakness of technology and regional development policies, as well as with institutional deficiencies.

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Extreme weight control behaviors among adolescent athletes: Links with weight-related maltreatment from parents and coaches and sport ethic norms

International Review for the Sociology of Sport ◽

10.1177/10126902211018672 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101269022110186

Author(s):

Véronique Boudreault ◽

Marie-Pierre Gagnon-Girouard ◽

Noémie Carbonneau ◽

Sophie Labossière ◽

Catherine Bégin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Control ◽

Online Survey ◽

The Other ◽

Weight Class ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

French Canadian ◽

Adolescent Athletes ◽

Weight Control Behaviors ◽

Specific Factors

The use of extreme weight-control behaviors is prevalent among adolescent athletes and may result from individual and sport-specific factors. Weight-related maltreatment from coaches and parents, and conformity to sport ethic norms have recently been linked to the use of extreme weight-control behaviors. This study aims to investigate the role of sport ethic norms and weight-related maltreatment from coaches and parents in the use of extreme weight-control behaviors among adolescent athletes. A sample of 999 French-Canadian athletes aged 14–17 years competing in a variety of sports completed an online survey assessing extreme weight-control behaviors, weight-related maltreatment from coaches and parents, and conformity to sport ethic norms. A total of 16.9% of the adolescent athletes reported having adopted extreme weight-control behaviors during their athletic careers. Extreme weight-control behaviors were significantly more prevalent among girls (19.75% vs 9.7% in boys) and weight-class-sport athletes (44%). In addition, 7.4% of the sample experienced at least one type of weight-related maltreatment by coaches or parents. Sex, weight-related neglect by coaches and parents, and weight-related psychological violence by coaches explained 24.4% of extreme weight-control behaviors variance. Indeed, participants who engaged in extreme weight-control behaviors experienced significantly more violence than the other participants did. In contrast, no differences were observed between people who engaged in extreme weight-control behaviors and those who did not due to conformity to sport ethic norms.

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Comparing burnout and work-life balance among specialists in internal medicine: the role of inpatient vs. outpatient workplace

Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology ◽

10.1186/s12995-021-00294-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Felix S. Hussenoeder ◽

Erik Bodendieck ◽

Franziska Jung ◽

Ines Conrad ◽

Steffi G. Riedel-Heller

Keyword(s):

Outpatient Setting ◽

Work Life ◽

Work Life Balance ◽

Full Time ◽

Life Balance ◽

Specific Factors ◽

Physician Mental Health ◽

Outpatient Settings ◽

Subsequent Patient

Abstract Background Compared to the general population, physicians are more likely to experience increased burnout and lowered work-life balance. In our article, we want to analyze whether the workplace of a physician is associated with these outcomes. Methods In September 2019, physicians from various specialties answered a comprehensive questionnaire. We analyzed a subsample of 183 internists that were working full time, 51.4% were female. Results Multivariate analysis showed that internists working in an outpatient setting exhibit significantly higher WLB and more favorable scores on all three burnout dimensions. In the regression analysis, hospital-based physicians exhibited higher exhaustion, cynicism and total burnout score as well as lower WLB. Conclusions Physician working at hospitals exhibit less favorable outcomes compared to their colleagues in outpatient settings. This could be a consequence of workplace-specific factors that could be targeted by interventions to improve physician mental health and subsequent patient care.

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Researchers in Ghana identify specific factors that “provide the seedbed for institutionalized bullying” in universities

Human Resource Management International Digest ◽

10.1108/hrmid-01-2021-0009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Individual Factors ◽

Management Behavior ◽

Content Type ◽

State Sector ◽

The Past ◽

Specific Factors ◽

Different Dimensions

Purpose The authors decided to study the causes of coercive management behavior (CMB) in universities because this area has been neglected in the past. There has been a lot of research into CMB in profit-oriented organizations, but it has been assumed that universities were unaffected. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted at 10 universities, five from the private sector and five from the state sector out of the 100 accredited Ghanaian universities. The authors sent out 405 questionnaires and 371 were returned. Findings The results showed a strong relationship between specific causes and different dimensions of CMB. The authors said their analysis identified specific factors that “provide the seedbed for institutionalized bullying”. Originality/value The authors said the research provides the basis for designing policies for employees at any organization. A one-size-fits-all approach was not always appropriate, however, and their identification of the role of individual factors could help universities find their own solutions.

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The Emergence of Sexology in Early Twentieth-Century Germany

Sexual Politics and Feminist Science ◽

10.7591/cornell/9781501709302.003.0002 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Kirsten Leng

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Reform Movements ◽

Political Role ◽

Early Twentieth Century ◽

Integral Role ◽

Specific Factors

This chapter focuses on three specific factors pivotal to the emergence of sexology in Germany during this time: the vaunted status and increasingly important political role of science and medicine; the growth of a discourse on modernity and its effects, above all on health and morality; and the expansion of variegated reform movements and their increasing reliance on science to support their demands and visions for change. It then illuminates the integral role sex reform groups played in creating, collecting, curating, and circulating sexual scientific knowledge, and especially highlights the roles women played in building sexology as a field of knowledge—as well as the opposition their involvement increasingly provoked.

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A Review on Role of Macro and Micro Banking Environment on Non-Performing Assets Management

Behavioral Finance and Decision-Making Models - Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7399-9.ch016 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 281-294

Author(s):

Biswajit Prasad Chhatoi ◽

Sharada Prasad Sahoo

Keyword(s):

Critical Role ◽

Banking System ◽

Financial Assets ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Public And Private ◽

Private Banks ◽

Specific Factors ◽

And Function ◽

Asset Creation

In a self-resilient economy, banking system assumes importance in imparting momentum to economic growth and prosperity through mobilization of financial assets. Performance of banks, irrespective of their nature and function, is germane to their asset creation and maintenance capacity. In a neo-liberal regime, radical policy changes have crept into loan mechanism, thereby subjecting the banks to efficiently recover the loans, which is a vital asset for any banking firm. In this context, the authors through intensive review of literature identified micro and macro banking factors responsible for productive NPA management. The macro banking factors refer to the economic environment whereas the micro banking factors refer to the bank and branch-specific factors. The authors identified the critical role of organizational structure, involvement of employees, and organizational efficiency in driving prudent NPA management. The authors have found that the efficiency in managing NPAs differ in public and private banks, which is attributed to involvement of employees.

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The dystrophic hamster: an animal model of alveolar hypoventilation

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1991.71.5.1655 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 1655-1662 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

E. H. Schlenker ◽

J. A. Burbach

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Cellular Regulation ◽

Control Pattern ◽

Myocyte Function ◽

Alveolar Hypoventilation ◽

Specific Factors ◽

Genetically Determined ◽

And Control

The BIO 14.6 dystrophic hamster (DH) is a genetically determined animal model of alveolar hypoventilation (AH) that exhibits a ventilatory control pattern of compensation and then decompensation similar to that in progressive forms of muscular dystrophy and nonprogressive congenital myopathies in humans. Possible causes of AH in the DH include respiratory muscle weakness, ventilation-to-perfusion inequalities, and an inadequate drive to breathe. Histochemical and contractile abnormalities of the diaphragm, reduced lung surface area available for gas exchange, abnormal pulmonary microvascular reactivity to hypoxia, altered levels of neurochemicals, and abnormal cellular regulation of calcium are among the specific factors that may contribute to the development of AH. The potential role of hypothyroidism in the development of AH is reviewed because many hypothyroid patients exhibit AH and other ventilatory dysfunctions, hypothyroidism is present in human patients and animals with muscular dystrophy, and thyroid status is known to influence lung architecture, myocyte function, and neural activity. Additional studies linking neurohormonal signals, transcellular signal processing, and control of ventilation in the DH may help us understand the etiology of AH in human disease.

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Role of specialized composition of SWI/SNF complexes in prostate cancer lineage plasticity

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-020-19328-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joanna Cyrta ◽

Anke Augspach ◽

Maria Rosaria De Filippo ◽

Davide Prandi ◽

Phillip Thienger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Chromatin Remodeling ◽

Hormonal Treatment ◽

Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽

Aggressive Disease ◽

Chromatin Remodeling Complex ◽

Large Patient ◽

Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer ◽

Specific Factors

Abstract Advanced prostate cancer initially responds to hormonal treatment, but ultimately becomes resistant and requires more potent therapies. One mechanism of resistance observed in around 10–20% of these patients is lineage plasticity, which manifests in a partial or complete small cell or neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) phenotype. Here, we investigate the role of the mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex in NEPC. Using large patient datasets, patient-derived organoids and cancer cell lines, we identify mSWI/SNF subunits that are deregulated in NEPC and demonstrate that SMARCA4 (BRG1) overexpression is associated with aggressive disease. We also show that SWI/SNF complexes interact with different lineage-specific factors in NEPC compared to prostate adenocarcinoma. These data point to a role for mSWI/SNF complexes in therapy-related lineage plasticity, which may also be relevant for other solid tumors.

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Roles of Lesioned and Nonlesioned Hemispheres in Reaching Performance Poststroke

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair ◽

10.1177/1545968319876253 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 61-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rachael M. Harrington ◽

Evan Chan ◽

Amanda K. Rounds ◽

Clinton J. Wutzke ◽

Alexander W. Dromerick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Movement Time ◽

Premotor Cortex ◽

Significant Interaction Effect ◽

Time Period ◽

Magnetic Stimulus ◽

Individual Task ◽

Specific Factors ◽

Functional Relevance ◽

Impairment Severity

Background. Severe poststroke arm impairment is associated with greater activation of the nonlesioned hemisphere during movement of the affected arm. The circumstances under which this activation may be adaptive or maladaptive remain unclear. Objective. To identify the functional relevance of key lesioned and nonlesioned hemisphere motor areas to reaching performance in patients with mild versus severe arm impairment. Methods. A total of 20 participants with chronic stroke performed a reaching response time task with their affected arm. During the reaction time period, a transient magnetic stimulus was applied over the primary (M1) or dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) of either hemisphere, and the effect of the perturbation on movement time (MT) was calculated. Results. For perturbation of the nonlesioned hemisphere, there was a significant interaction effect of Site of perturbation (PMd vs M1) by Group (mild vs severe; P < .001). Perturbation of PMd had a greater effect on MT in the severe versus the mild group. This effect was not observed with perturbation of M1. For perturbation of the lesioned hemisphere, there was a main effect of site of perturbation ( P < .05), with perturbation of M1 having a greater effect on MT than PMd. Conclusions. These results demonstrate that, in the context of reaching movements, the role of the nonlesioned hemisphere depends on both impairment severity and the specific site that is targeted. A deeper understanding of these individual-, task-, and site-specific factors is essential for advancing the potential usefulness of neuromodulation to enhance poststroke motor recovery.

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Translating the Commune: Cultural Politics and the Historical Specificity of the Anarchist Text

TTR traduction terminologie rédaction ◽

10.7202/037168ar ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 47-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Donald Bruce

Keyword(s):

Discourse Analysis ◽

Cultural Politics ◽

English Translation ◽

Political Context ◽

Functional Identity ◽

Semantic Ambiguity ◽

The Third ◽

Historical Specificity ◽

Specific Factors

Abstract Translating the Commune: Cultural Politics and the Historical Specificity of the Anarachist Text — This essay deals with three interrelated matters: the first is the role of discourse analysis and the conscious theorization of discourse typologies in translation methodologies; the second is the absence of any complete English translation of Jules Vallès's autobiographical/historical trilogy, Jacques Vingtras, comprised of L'Enfant (1879), Le Bachelier (1881), and L'insurgé (1885); and the third is the analysis of specific discursive characteristics which establish the formal and functional identity of the Discourse of the Commune. Though widely published in popular and scholarly editions in France, Vallès's novels have not been included in the lycée corpus through an act of conscious cultural exclusion. This has contributed to the exclusion of Vallès abroad and to the absence of translations of the trilogy. In order to remedy this situation the translator must be aware of the specific socio-political context surrounding these novels as well as the particular formal characteristics which make up the discourse from which these texts emerge. Radical decentralisation, narrative fragmentation, multiple enunciative positions, neologisms, a structure based on an unresolved binary dialectic, interdiscursive mixing and semantic ambiguity are common characteristics of the discourse of the Commune as they are transposed metaphorically from the anarchistic theoretical discourse of P.-J. Proudhon to the Vallès texts: these specific factors coupled with a cultural politics of exclusion have long marginalized the trilogy in various curricula and, in addition, led to its exclusion from non-francophone cultures both in the original French and in translation.

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