NAFLD as a Risk Factor for the Development of Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome: An Eleven-Year Follow-up Study

AbstractThe impact of most, but not all, cardiovascular risk factors decline by age. We investigated how the metabolic syndrome (MetS) was related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) during 40 years follow-up in the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM, 2,123 men all aged 50 at baseline with reinvestigations at age 60, 70, 77 and 82). The strength of MetS as a risk factor of incident combined end-point of three outcomes (CVD) declined with ageing, as well as for myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and heart failure when analysed separately. For CVD, the risk ratio declined from 2.77 (95% CI 1.90–4.05) at age 50 to 1.30 (95% CI 1.05–1.60) at age 82. In conclusion, the strength of MetS as a risk factor of incident CVD declined with age. Since MetS was significantly related to incident CVD also at old age, our findings suggest that the occurrence of MetS in the elderly should not be regarded as innocent. However, since our data were derived in an observational study, any impact of MetS in the elderly needs to be verified in a randomized clinical intervention trial.

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A 25-year follow-up study of glucose tolerance in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients: association of impaired or diabetic glucose tolerance with other components of the metabolic syndrome

Acta Diabetologica ◽

10.1007/s00592-003-0106-y ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 163-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. A. Nauck ◽

J. J. Meier ◽

A. V. Wolfersdorff ◽

H. Tillil ◽

W. Creutzfeldt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

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The metabolic syndrome among Danish seafarers: a follow-up study

International Maritime Health ◽

10.5603/imh.2016.0025 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 129-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jørgen Riis Jepsen ◽

Hanna B. Rasmussen

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

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Association Between Vitamin K and the Metabolic Syndrome: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study in Adults

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2014-4449 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 100 (6) ◽

pp. 2472-2479 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Veerle Dam ◽

Geertje W. Dalmeijer ◽

Cees Vermeer ◽

Nadja E. Drummen ◽

Marjo H. Knapen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Vitamin K ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

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High serum carotenoids associated with lower risk for the metabolic syndrome and its components among Japanese subjects: Mikkabi cohort study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515003268 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 114 (10) ◽

pp. 1674-1682 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Minoru Sugiura ◽

Mieko Nakamura ◽

Kazunori Ogawa ◽

Yoshinori Ikoma ◽

Masamichi Yano

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

High Serum ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Serum Carotenoids ◽

Japanese Subjects

AbstractRecent epidemiological studies show the association of carotenoids with the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but thorough longitudinal cohort studies regarding this association have not been well conducted. The objective of this study was to investigate longitudinally whether serum carotenoids are associated with the risk of developing the MetS and its components in Japanese subjects. We conducted a follow-up study on 1073 men and women aged 30–79 years at the baseline from the Mikkabi prospective cohort study. Those who participated in the baseline and completed follow-up surveys were examined longitudinally. Over the 10-year period, 910 subjects (295 men and 615 women) took part in the follow-up survey at least once. Over a mean follow-up period of 7·8 (sd 2·9) years, thirty-six men and thirty-one women developed new MetS. After adjustments for confounders, the hazard ratio (HR) for the MetS in the highest tertile of serum β-carotene against the lowest tertile was 0·47 (95 % CI 0·23, 0·95). On the other hand, significantly lower risks for dyslipidaemia were observed in the highest tertiles of serum α- and β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin (HR 0·66; 95 % CI 0·46, 0·96; HR, 0·54; 95 % CI 0·37, 0·79; and HR 0·66; 95 % CI 0·44, 0·99, respectively). Other significant associations between the risks for obesity, high blood pressure and hyperglycaemia with serum carotenoids were not observed. Our results further support the hypothesis that eating a diet rich in carotenoids might help prevent the development of the MetS and its complications in Japanese subjects.

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