Intake of ruminant trans fatty acids and changes in body weight and waist circumference

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been associated with regulation of body weight and appetite. The goal of this study was to examine the interactions of a functional variant (rs6265) in theBDNFgene with dietary intake for obesity traits in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.BDNFrs6265 was genotyped in 1147 Puerto Rican adults and examined for association with obesity-related traits. Men (n=242) with the GG genotype had higher BMI (P=0.009), waist circumference (P=0.002), hip (P=0.002), and weight (P=0.03) than GA or AA carriers (n=94). They had twice the risk of being overweight (BMI≥25) relative to GA or AA carriers (OR = 2.08, CI = 1.02–4.23, andP=0.043). Interactions between rs6265 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake were associated with BMI, hip, and weight, and n-3 : n-6 PUFA ratio with waist circumference in men. In contrast, women (n=595) with the GG genotype had significantly lower BMI (P=0.009), hip (P=0.029), and weight (P=0.027) than GA or AA carriers (n=216). Women with the GG genotype were 50% less likely to be overweight compared to GA or AA carriers (OR = 0.05, CI = 0.27–0.91, andP=0.024). In summary,BDNFrs6265 is differentially associated with obesity risk by sex and interacts with PUFA intake influencing obesity traits in Boston Puerto Rican men.

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Intake of 3 Eggs Per Day for 4 Weeks Did Not Raise Plasma Cholesterol in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 389-389

Author(s):

Marissa DiBella ◽

Minu Thomas ◽

Hana Alyousef ◽

Courtney Millar ◽

Christopher Blesso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Washout Period ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Pressure Plasma ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Egg Period

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare equivalent amounts of two choline sources on plasma cholesterol and the parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults aged 32 to 70 years. Methods Twenty-three subjects with MetS participated in this randomized, crossover clinical trial. Subjects underwent an initial period of 2 weeks without consuming any eggs, followed by a random allocation to consume either 3 eggs/day or a choline-bitartrate supplement for 4 weeks (choline equivalent of ∼400 mg/day for both interventions). After a 3 week washout period, participants were allocated to the alternate diet. We measured body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, plasma lipids and glucose at the beginning and end of each dietary intervention and after the washout period. Three-day dietary and exercise records were collected concurrently with these measurements. Compliance was assessed weekly by self-reported consumed product. Results There was a 90% compliance among subjects. No differences in physical activity were reported between periods. Dietary records indicated that subjects were consuming more fat (P < 0.001), more protein (P < 0.009) and fewer carbohydrates (P < 0.001) and more cholesterol (P < 0.001) during the egg period. When dietary fat was analyzed separately, there were no differences in intake of saturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids, known to lower plasma cholesterol, was higher during the egg compared to the supplement period (31.2 ± 11.2 vs. 24.3 ± 10.9 g/d), reflecting the fatty acid composition of eggs. Surprisingly, although dietary cholesterol was higher during the egg period, plasma total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol were not different between treatments or when compared to baseline (P > 0.05). LDL cholesterol was 111.4 ± 20.5 mg/dL during the egg and 110.8 ± 21.4 during the supplement period. Percent changes in LDL from baseline were +2.4% for eggs (P = 0.375) and +6.7% for choline (P = 0.111). Similarly, blood pressure, plasma glucose and insulin did not differ between periods (P > 0.05). Body weight and waist circumference did not change. Conclusions This study indicates that in this population with MetS, consumption of 3 eggs/day for 4 weeks did not increase a select group of biomarkers associated with increased risk for heart disease. Funding Sources The Egg Nutrition Center.

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Adipose tissuetrans-fatty acids and changes in body weight and waist circumference

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114513003747 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 111 (7) ◽

pp. 1283-1291 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Camilla P. Hansen ◽

Tina L. Berentzen ◽

Jane N. Østergaard ◽

Christina C. Dahm ◽

Lars I. Hellgren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Vaccenic Acid ◽

Relative Content ◽

Men And Women ◽

Median Proportion ◽

Total Adipose Tissue ◽

Octadecenoic Acids

Previous studies have suggested that the intake oftrans-fatty acids (TFA) plays a role in the development of obesity. The proportions of adipose tissue fatty acids not synthesised endogenously in humans, such as TFA, usually correlate well with the dietary intake. Hence, the use of these biomarkers may provide a more accurate measure of habitual TFA intake than that obtained with dietary questionnaires. The objective of the present study was to investigate the associations between the proportions of specific TFA in adipose tissue and subsequent changes in weight and waist circumference (WC). The relative content of fatty acids in adipose tissue biopsies from a random sample of 996 men and women aged 50–64 years drawn from a Danish cohort study was determined by GC. Baseline data on weight, WC and potential confounders were available together with information on weight and WC 5 years after enrolment. The exposure measures were totaltrans-octadecenoic acids (18 : 1t), 18 : 1 Δ6-10t, vaccenic acid (18 : 1 Δ11t) and rumenic acid (18 : 2 Δ9c, 11t). Data were analysed using multiple regression with cubic spline modelling. The median proportion of total adipose tissue 18 : 1twas 1·52 % (90 % central range 0·98, 2·19) in men and 1·47 % (1·01, 2·19) in women. No significant associations were observed between the proportions of total 18 : 1t, 18 : 1 Δ6-10t, vaccenic acid or rumenic acid and changes in weight or WC. The present study suggests that the proportions of specific TFA in adipose tissue are not associated with subsequent changes in weight or WC within the exposure range observed in this population.

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Intake of ruminanttrans-fatty acids, assessed by diet history interview, and changes in measured body size, shape and composition

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980015001858 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 494-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Camilla P Hansen ◽

Berit L Heitmann ◽

Thorkild IA Sørensen ◽

Kim Overvad ◽

Marianne U Jakobsen

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Size ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Fat ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Hip Circumference ◽

Diet History

AbstractObjectiveStudies have suggested that total intake oftrans-fatty acids (TFA) is positively associated with changes in body weight and waist circumference, whereas intake of TFA from ruminant dairy and meat products (R-TFA) has not been associated with weight gain. However, these previous studies are limited by self-reported measures of body weight and waist circumference or by a cross-sectional design. The objective of the present study was to investigate if R-TFA intake was associated with subsequent changes in anthropometry (body weight, waist and hip circumference) measured by technicians and body composition (body fat percentage).DesignA 6-year follow-up study. Information on dietary intake was collected through diet history interviews, and anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance measurements were obtained by trained technicians at baseline (1987–1988) and at follow-up (1993–1994). Multiple regression with cubic spline modelling was used to analyse the data.SettingCopenhagen County, Denmark.SubjectsTwo hundred and sixty-seven men and women aged 35–65 years from the Danish MONICA (MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular diseases) cohort.ResultsThe median R-TFA intake was 1·3 g/d (5th, 95th percentile: 0·4, 2·7 g/d) or 0·6 % of the total energy intake (5th, 95th percentile: 0·2, 1·1 %). No significant associations were observed between R-TFA intake and changes in body weight, waist and hip circumference or body fat percentage.ConclusionsR-TFA intake within the range present in the Danish population was not significantly associated with subsequent changes in body size, shape or composition and the 95 % confidence intervals indicate that any relevant associations are unlikely to have produced these observations.

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Abstract P409: Both Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference are Adversely Associated with Exposure to Trans-fatty Acids in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.ap409 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Dawn Schwenke ◽

John Foreyt ◽

Edgar Miller ◽

Rebecca Reeves ◽

Mara Vitolins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Trans Fatty Acids ◽

Look Ahead ◽

Race Ethnicity

Trans-fatty acids (TFA) increase cardiovascular disease risk and have been associated with the cardiovascular risk factors body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (waist) in persons without diabetes. Whether TFA are associated with BMI and waist in persons with type 2 diabetes is unknown. We investigated the association between TFA exposure as indicated by plasma concentrations of 18-carbon TFA and BMI and waist. We studied persons randomized into Look AHEAD at two clinics (Baltimore, n=81; Houston, n=151) who participated in a substudy assessing physical activity and an ancillary study of oxidative stress and completed the Look AHEAD Food Frequency Questionnaire (LAFFQ). Look AHEAD is a multi-center controlled trial of lifestyle intervention for weight loss in overweight or obese adults (aged 45-76) with type 2 diabetes. Representation of women (57%) and minorities (18.1% black, 8.2% Hispanic, 3.9 % other race/ethnicity) was similar to Look AHEAD. Before intervention, weight, height, and waist were measured, BMI was calculated, nutrients were estimated from LAFFQ, and physical activity was determined by accelerometry. TFA, saturated (SFA) and cis-monounsaturated (c-MFA) fatty acids were measured before intervention in plasma collected between December 2002 and April 2004. TFA intake in subjects was high (median 2.4% of energy, interquartile range 1.9%, 3.0%). In models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, clinic, sampling time, physical activity, and plasma total fatty acid concentration, BMI (p=0.0004) and waist (p=0.0018) varied according to plasma TFA concentration. For lowest, middle, and highest tertiles of plasma TFA, BMI was (mean+SE) 33.0+0.9, 36.9+0.9, and 36.6+0.9 kg/m 2 , respectively, while waist was 108.4+1.9, 115.8+1.9, and 114.8+2.0 cm, respectively. These associations were not attenuated by sequential adjustment for plasma SFA and c-MFA concentrations and for dietary variables including TFA, total fat, SFA, oleic acid, protein and total calories. These results extend findings concerning TFA exposure and BMI and waist circumference to persons with type 2 diabetes and are consistent with the notion that reducing TFA exposure may reduce cardiovascular risk in persons with type 2 diabetes.

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Effect of Nutrition on the Morphometric Markers in Spayed Dogs

Folia Veterinaria ◽

10.2478/fv-2021-0039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 67-71

Author(s):

T. Mihok ◽

L. Bujňák ◽

V. Mihok ◽

N. Rovňanová

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Fat ◽

Body Condition ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

The Body ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Body Condition Scores

Abstract Obesity and overweight have been frequently observed in dogs in recent years as in humans. The compositions of fatty acids in the accumulated lipids in tissues of obese animals may have important roles in the process and mechanisms related to the onset of metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a vegetarian diet, which contained a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids on individual morphometric parameters in spayed dogs. Seven mongrel dogs without ideal body condition scores (average: 7.42) were fed vegetarian dog kibbles and received the daily amount of energy calculated with the following formula: 130 kcal × weight (kg) 0.75. The animals were evaluated on days 0 and 60 in relation to the body measurements, such as: body weight, metabolic body weight, body fat percentage, nape, rib, tail base, chest, and abdomen, using a plicometer. Also determined were the body condition scores (scale from 1—thin to 9—obese), canine body mass index, and their waist circumference. These data were analysed by the Student’s t-test. The body measurement variation of body fat percentage, waist circumference, body condition score and thickness values of the abdomen differed significantly (P < 0.01).

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Effects of inclusion of dietary fibers in the composition of the diet in obesity

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/omet2018235-39 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 35-39

Author(s):

Albert А Kurmangulov ◽

Elena F Dorodneva ◽

Irina A Troshina ◽

Yulianna A Petrova ◽

Tatyana I Golubeva

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Dietary Fibers ◽

Anthropometric Data ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

BACKGROUND. In recent years, clinical work, discovered a correlation between the violations of quantitative and/or qualitative composition of the intestinal microbiota and the development of various dysmetabolic disorders, including obesity. AIMS. To evaluate the effect of the additional inclusion in the diet program of foods with a high content of dietary fibers and microbiotics on anthropometric indicators of obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The dynamic 6-month observation study included 50 people with 2–3 degrees of obesity (BMI≥35 kg/m2) according to WHO criteria, divided depending on the method of exposure (the traditional scheme of rational diet/or additionally enriched diet with fiber) into two comparable groups. Among the methods of the study were allocated anthropometry, the actual nutritional analysis and chromatographic study of short-chain fatty acids in the feces. RESULTS. Analysis of anthropometric data (body weight, BMI, waist circumference) using the Wilcoxon test showed a more pronounced dynamics of basic anthropometric data in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber (p<0.01). The data of chromatographic studies showed more significant changes in the total concentration of short chain fatty acids (p<0.01) and in their profile (p<0.05) in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber. Clinically normalization of symbiotic digestion in the intestine in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber was confirmed by reducing the frequency of presented complaints, for flatulence and flatulence from 38.3% to 13.7% (p<0.05), abdominal discomfort from 63.4% to 25.5% (p<0.05), constipation from 44.5% to 13.8% (p<0.05), rumbling in the abdomen on palpation from 50.4% to 18.8% (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS. Complex effect of dietary fiber within the food products of functional purpose on the processes and symbiotic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract leads to improved clinical and metabolic (normalization of functional activity of the intestinal microbiota) and anthropometric parameters (lower values of body weight, waist circumference), which predetermines the possibility of using dietary fiber in programmes for the treatment and prevention of obesity.

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Effects of inclusion of dietary fibers in the composition of the diet in obesity

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/omet8785 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 35-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Albert А. Kurmangulov ◽

Elena F. Dorodneva ◽

Irina A. Troshina ◽

Yulianna A. Petrova ◽

Tatyana I. Golubeva

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Dietary Fibers ◽

Anthropometric Data ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Background. In recent years, clinical work, discovered a correlation between the violations of quantitative and/or qualitative composition of the intestinal microbiota and the development of various dysmetabolic disorders, including obesity. Aims. To evaluate the effect of the additional inclusion in the diet program of foods with a high content of dietary fibers and microbiotics on anthropometric indicators of obesity. Materials and methods. The dynamic 6-month observation study included 50 people with 23 degrees of obesity (BMI35 kg/m2) according to WHO criteria, divided depending on the method of exposure (the traditional scheme of rational diet/or additionally enriched diet with fiber) into two comparable groups. Among the methods of the study were allocated anthropometry, the actual nutritional analysis and chromatographic study of short-chain fatty acids in the feces. Results. Analysis of anthropometric data (body weight, BMI, waist circumference) using the Wilcoxon test showed a more pronounced dynamics of basic anthropometric data in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber (p0.01). The data of chromatographic studies showed more significant changes in the total concentration of short chain fatty acids (p0.01) and in their profile (p0.05) in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber. Clinically normalization of symbiotic digestion in the intestine in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber was confirmed by reducing the frequency of presented complaints, for flatulence and flatulence from 38.3% to 13.7% (p0.05), abdominal discomfort from 63.4% to 25.5% (p0.05), constipation from 44.5% to 13.8% (p0.05), rumbling in the abdomen on palpation from 50.4% to 18.8% (p0.05). Conclusions. Complex effect of dietary fiber within the food products of functional purpose on the processes and symbiotic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract leads to improved clinical and metabolic (normalization of functional activity of the intestinal microbiota) and anthropometric parameters (lower values of body weight, waist circumference), which predetermines the possibility of using dietary fiber in programmes for the treatment and prevention of obesity.

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