scholarly journals Hypertension Fails to Disrupt White Matter Integrity in Young Or Aged Fisher (F44) Cyp1a1Ren2 Transgenic Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R Holland ◽  
Mercede A Pannozzo ◽  
Mark E Bastin ◽  
Allison D McNeilly ◽  
Karen J Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
White Matter ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk

Hypertension is linked with an increased risk of white matter hyperintensities; however, recent findings have questioned this association. We examined whether hypertension and additional cerebrovascular risk factors impacted on white matter integrity in an inducible hypertensive rat. No white matter hyperintensities were observed on magnetic resonance imaging either alone or in conjunction with ageing and high-fat diet. Aged hypertensive rats that were fed a high-fat diet had moderately reduced fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum with no overt pathological features. Herein we show that moderate hypertension alone or with additional risk factors has minimal impact on white matter integrity in this model.

scholarly journals Microstructural degeneration and cerebrovascular risk burden underlying executive dysfunction after stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Veldsman ◽  
Emilio Werden ◽  
Natalia Egorova ◽  
Mohamed Salah Khlif ◽  
Amy Brodtmann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk

Abstract Executive dysfunction affects 40% of stroke patients, but is poorly predicted by characteristics of the stroke itself. Stroke typically occurs on a background of cerebrovascular burden, which impacts cognition and brain network structural integrity. We used structural equation modelling to investigate whether measures of white matter microstructural integrity (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) and cerebrovascular risk factors better explain executive dysfunction than markers of stroke severity. 126 stroke patients (mean age 68.4 years) were scanned three months post-stroke and compared to 40 age- and sex-matched control participants on neuropsychological measures of executive function. Executive function was below what would be expected for age and education level in stroke patients as measured by the organizational components of the Rey Complex Figure Test, F(3,155) = 17, R2 = 0.25, p < 0.001 (group significant predictor at p < 0.001) and the Trail-Making Test (B), F(3,157) = 3.70, R2 = 0.07, p < 0.01 (group significant predictor at p < 0.001). A multivariate structural equation model illustrated the complex relationship between executive function, white matter integrity, stroke characteristics and cerebrovascular risk (root mean square error of approximation = 0.02). Pearson’s correlations confirmed a stronger relationship between executive dysfunction and white matter integrity (r = − 0.74, p < 0.001), than executive dysfunction and stroke severity (r = 0.22, p < 0.01). The relationship between executive function and white matter integrity is mediated by cerebrovascular burden. White matter microstructural degeneration of the superior longitudinal fasciculus in the executive control network better explains executive dysfunction than markers of stroke severity. Executive dysfunction and incident stroke can be both considered manifestations of cerebrovascular risk factors.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and cognitive impact of cerebrovascular risk-related white matter hyperintensities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Veldsman ◽  
Petya Kindalova ◽  
Masud Husain ◽  
Ioannis Kosmidis ◽  
Thomas E. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Speed Of Processing ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk

AbstractObjectivesWhite matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are considered macroscale markers of cerebrovascular burden and are associated with increased risk of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. However, the spatial location of WMHs has typically been considered in broad categories of periventricular versus deep white matter. The spatial distribution of WHMs associated with individual cerebrovascular risk factors (CVR), controlling for frequently comorbid risk factors, has not been systematically investigated at the population level in a healthy ageing cohort. Furthermore, there is an inconsistent relationship between total white matter hyperintensity load and cognition, which may be due to the confounding of several simultaneous risk factors in models based on smaller cohorts.MethodsWe examined trends in individual CVR factors on total WMH burden in 13,680 individuals (aged 45-80) using data from the UK Biobank. We estimated the spatial distribution of white matter hyperintensities associated with each risk factor and their contribution to explaining total WMH load using voxel-wise probit regression and univariate linear regression. Finally, we explored the impact of CVR-related WMHs on speed of processing using regression and mediation analysis.ResultsContrary to the assumed dominance of hypertension as the biggest predictor of WMH burden, we show associations with a number of risk factors including diabetes, heavy smoking, APOE ε4/ε4 status and high waist-to-hip ratio of similar, or greater magnitude to hypertension. The spatial distribution of WMHs varied considerably with individual cerebrovascular risk factors. There were independent effects of visceral adiposity, as measured by waist-to-hip ratio, and carriage of the APOE ε4 allele in terms of the unique spatial distribution of CVR-related WMHs. Importantly, the relationship between total WMH load and speed of processing was mediated by waist-to-hip ratio suggesting cognitive consequences to WMHs associated with excessive visceral fat deposition.ConclusionWaist-to-hip ratio, diabetes, heavy smoking, hypercholesterolemia and homozygous APOE ε4 status are important risk factors, beyond hypertension, associated with WMH total burden and warrant careful control across ageing. The spatial distribution associated with different risk factors may provide important clues as to the pathogenesis and cognitive consequences of WMHs. High waist-to-hip ratio is a key risk factor associated with slowing in speed of processing. With global obesity levels rising, focused management of visceral adiposity may present a useful strategy for the mitigation of cognitive decline in ageing.

Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH): an analysis of cerebrovascular risk factors in Lebanon

2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (11) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souheil Gebeily ◽  
Youssef Fares ◽  
Manal Kordahi ◽  
Pierre Khodeir ◽  
Ghattas Labaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk

Non-Fasting Factor VII Coagulant Activity (FVII:C) Increased by High-Fat Diet

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (06) ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Bladbjerg ◽  
P Marckmann ◽  
B Sandström ◽  
J Jespersen
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Amidolytic Activity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

SummaryPreliminary observations have suggested that non-fasting factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C) may be related to the dietary fat content. To confirm this, we performed a randomised cross-over study. Seventeen young volunteers were served 2 controlled isoenergetic diets differing in fat content (20% or 50% of energy). The 2 diets were served on 2 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at 8.00 h, 16.30 h and 19.30 h, and analysed for triglycerides, FVII coagulant activity using human (FVII:C) or bovine thromboplastin (FVII:Bt), and FVII amidolytic activity (FVIPAm). The ratio FVII:Bt/FVII:Am (a measure of FVII activation) increased from fasting levels on both diets, but most markedly on the high-fat diet. In contrast, FVII: Am (a measure of FVII protein) tended to decrease from fasting levels on both diets. FVII:C rose from fasting levels on the high-fat diet, but not on the low-fat diet. The findings suggest that high-fat diets increase non-fasting FVII:C, and consequently may be associated with increased risk of thrombosis.

scholarly journals Protective effects of a unique combination of nutritionally active ingredients on risk factors and gene expression associated with atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe W. E. Moss ◽  
Jessica O Williams ◽  
Wijdan Al-Ahmadi ◽  
Victoria O'Morain ◽  
Yee-Hung Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Food Ingredients

Atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disorder of the vasculature and the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, is responsible for one in three global deaths. Consumption of active food ingredients such as omega-3...

scholarly journals Vascular lesions and functional limitations among older adults: does depression make a difference?

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1501-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia F. Hybels ◽  
Carl F. Pieper ◽  
Lawrence R. Landerman ◽  
Martha E. Payne ◽  
David C. Steffens
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACTBackground:The association between disability and depression is complex, with disability well established as a correlate and consequence of late life depression. Studies in community samples report that greater volumes of cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) seen on brain imaging are linked with functional impairment. These vascular changes are also associated with late life depression, but it is not known if depression is a modifier in the relationship between cerebrovascular changes and functional impairment.Methods:The study sample was 237 older adults diagnosed with major depression and 140 never depressed comparison adults, with both groups assessed at study enrollment. The dependent variable was the number of limitations in basic activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADLs, and mobility tasks. The independent variable was the total volume of cerebral white matter lesions or hyperintensities assessed though magnetic resonance imaging.Results:In analyses controlling for age, sex, race, high blood pressure, and cognitive status, a greater volume of WMH was positively associated with the total number of functional limitations as well as the number of mobility limitations among those older adults with late life depression but not among those never depressed, suggesting the association between WMH volume and functional status differs in the presence of late life depression.Conclusions:These findings suggest older patients with both depression and vascular risk factors may be at an increased risk for functional decline, and may benefit from management of both cerebrovascular risk factors and depression.

scholarly journals Microstructural degeneration underlies executive dysfunction after stroke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Veldsman ◽  
Emilio Werden ◽  
Natalia Egorova ◽  
Mohamed Salah Khlif ◽  
Amy Brodtmann
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk ◽  
Microstructural Integrity

ABSTRACTObjectiveExecutive dysfunction affects 40% of stroke patients and is associated with poor quality of life. Stroke severity and lesion volume rarely predict whether a patient will have executive dysfunction. Stroke typically occurs on a background of cerebrovascular burden, which impacts cognition and brain network structural integrity. We investigated whether measures of white matter microstructural integrity and cerebrovascular risk factors better explain executive dysfunction than markers of stroke severity.MethodsWe used structural equation modelling to examine multivariate relationships between cerebrovascular risk, white matter microstructural integrity (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity), stroke characteristics and executive dysfunction in 126 stroke patients (mean age 68.4 years), three months post-stroke, and compared to 40 age- and sex-matched control participants. Executive function was measured using the Trail Making Tests, Clock Drawing task and Rey Complex Figure copy task. Microstructural integrity was estimated using a standard pipeline to process diffusion weighted images.ResultsExecutive function was below what would be expected for age and education level in stroke patients (t-test compared to controls t(79)=5.75, p<0.001). A multivariate structural equation model illustrated the complex relationship between executive function, white matter integrity, stroke characteristics and cerebrovascular risk. Pearson’s correlations confirmed a stronger relationship between executive dysfunction and white matter integrity, than executive dysfunction and stroke severity. Mediation analysis showed the relationship between executive function and white matter integrity is mediated by cerebrovascular burden.InterpretationWhite matter microstructural degeneration of the superior longitudinal fasciculus in the executive control network better explains executive dysfunction than markers of stroke severity.

scholarly journals White matter hyperintensities and changes in white matter integrity in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liya Wang ◽  
Felicia C. Goldstein ◽  
Allan I. Levey ◽  
James J. Lah ◽  
Carolyn C. Meltzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
White Matter Integrity
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document