scholarly journals Deep-sea microbes, simple medical diagnostic tools and complex computing win 2016 MacArthur ‘genius grants’

Nature ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Skibba
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Medical Diagnostic

scholarly journals Nanostructured SmFeO3 Gas Sensors: Investigation of the Gas Sensing Performance Reproducibility for Colorectal Cancer Screening

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5910
Author(s):  
Andrea Gaiardo ◽  
Giulia Zonta ◽  
Sandro Gherardi ◽  
Cesare Malagù ◽  
Barbara Fabbri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Sensing Performance

Among the various chemoresistive gas sensing properties studied so far, the sensing response reproducibility, i.e., the capability to reproduce a device with the same sensing performance, has been poorly investigated. However, the reproducibility of the gas sensing performance is of fundamental importance for the employment of these devices in on-field applications, and to demonstrate the reliability of the process development. This sensor property became crucial for the preparation of medical diagnostic tools, in which the use of specific chemoresistive gas sensors along with a dedicated algorithm can be used for screening diseases. In this work, the reproducibility of SmFeO3 perovskite-based gas sensors has been investigated. A set of four SmFeO3 devices, obtained from the same screen-printing deposition, have been tested in laboratory with both controlled concentrations of CO and biological fecal samples. The fecal samples tested were employed in the clinical validation protocol of a prototype for non-invasive colorectal cancer prescreening. Sensors showed a high reproducibility degree, with an error lower than 2% of the response value for the test with CO and lower than 6% for fecal samples. Finally, the reproducibility of the SmFeO3 sensor response and recovery times for fecal samples was also evaluated.

Lectinomics I. Relevance of exogenous plant lectins in biomedical diagnostics

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica Mislovičová ◽  
Peter Gemeiner ◽  
Anna Kozarova ◽  
Tibor Kožár
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Plant Lectins ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Biomedical Diagnostics ◽  
Efficient Screening

AbstractThis review focuses on utilization of plant lectins as medical diagnostic reagents and tools. The lectin-related diagnostic is aimed at detection of several diseases connected to alteration of the glycosylation profiles of cells and at identification of microbial and viral agents in clinical microbiology. Certain lectins, proposed for or used as diagnostic tools could even recognize those cellular determinants, which are not detected by available antibodies. Broad information is presented on the lectinomics field, illustrating that lectin diagnostics might become practical alternative to antibody-based diagnostic products. In addition, the rising trend of lectin utilization in biomedical diagnostics might initiate a development of innovative methods based on better analytical technologies. Lectin microarray, a rapid and simple methodology, can be viewed as an example for such initiative. This technology could provide simple and efficient screening tools for analysis of glycosylation patterns in biological samples (cellular extracts, tissues and the whole cells), allowing thus personalized detection of changes associated with carbohydrate-related diseases.

scholarly journals Providing power for miniaturized medical implants: triplet sensitization of semiconductor surfaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 (1995) ◽  
pp. 20120334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Benniston ◽  
Anthony Harriman ◽  
Songjie Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Medical Implants ◽  
Triplet Energy ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
High Fraction ◽  
Triplet Energy Transfer ◽  
Photonic Energy

Here, we recognize the growing significance of miniaturized devices as medical diagnostic tools and highlight the need to provide a convenient means of powering such instruments when implanted into the body. One of the most promising approaches to this end involves using a light-collection facility to absorb incident white light and transfer the photonic energy to a tiny semiconductor embedded on the device. Although fluorescent organic molecules offer strong potential as modules for such solar collectors, we emphasize the promise offered by transition metal complexes. Thus, an extended series of binuclear Ru(II)/Os(II) poly(pyridine) complexes has been shown to be highly promising sensitizers for amorphous silicon solar cells. These materials absorb a high fraction of visible light while the Ru(II)-based units possess triplet energies that are comparable to those of the naphthalene-based bridge. The metal complex injects a triplet exciton into the bridge and this, in turn, is trapped by the Os(II)-based terminal. The result is extremely efficacious triplet-energy transfer; at room temperature the rate of energy transfer is independent of distance over some 6 nm and only weakly dependent on temperature.

scholarly journals Imaging erythrocyte sedimentation in whole blood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Darras ◽  
Hans Georg Breunig ◽  
Thomas John ◽  
Renping Zhao ◽  
Johannes Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Light Sheet Microscopy ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
Medical Diagnostic

AbstractThe erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is one of the oldest medical diagnostic tools. However, currently there is some debate on the structure formed by the cells during the sedimentation process. While the conventional view is that erythrocytes sediment as separate aggregates, others have suggested that they form a percolating gel, similar to other colloidal suspensions. A direct probing of the structures formed by erythrocytes in blood at stasis is then required to settle these discrepancies. Here, we report observations performed with three different optical imaging techniques: direct light transmission through thin samples, two-photon microscopy and light-sheet microscopy. All techniques revealed a dynamic structure of a channeling gel but with differences in the resolved details. A quantitative analysis of the erythrocyte related processes and interactions during the sedimentation need a further refinement of the experimental set-ups.

Transferring Chemical Research to a Spin-off Initiative in Health Care: The Lipidomic Approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 403-409
Author(s):  
Carla Ferreri ◽  
Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu ◽  
Rosaria Ferreri
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
National Council ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Free Radical Stress ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Living Organisms

Lipidomics is an emerging discipline in life sciences related to the lipid metabolism of living organisms. In the last decade chemical and biological research has attributed very important roles to membrane phospholipids in relationship to free radical stress and metabolic situations. An entrepreneurial initiative for diagnostic tools and health care products in the field of lipidomics started two years ago in Italy as a spin-off company of the National Council of Research. This paper presents an overview of the lipidomic approach applied in the company with regard to the metabolic and functional status of cell membranes, including the development of medical diagnostic tools and an innovative consultancy for nutraceutical companies. The authors also comment on the entrepreneurial experience of the Italian researchers.

scholarly journals Fusion of Multi-Modality Biomedical Images Using Deep Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Gupta ◽  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
Neha Gupta ◽  
Atef Zaguia
Keyword(s):  
Medical Images ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Fusion Model ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Patient Dropout ◽  
Parameters Tuning ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Ill Posed

Abstract With the recent advancement in the medical diagnostic tools, multi-modality medical images are extensively utilized as a lifesaving tool. An efficient fusion of medical images can improve the performance of various medical diagnostic tools. But, gathering of all modalities for a given patient is defined as an ill-posed problem as medical images suffer from poor visibility and frequent patient dropout. Therefore, in this paper, a novel image fusion model is designed to fuse multi-modality medical images. The proposed model model suffers from hyper-parameters tuning issue, therefore, a multi-objective differential evolution (MDE) is used to optimize the initial parameters of the proposed model. The fusion factor and edge strength metrics are utilized to form a multi-objective fitness function. The performance of the proposed model is validated by comparing the proposed model models with nine competitive models over fifteen benchmark images. Performance analysis reveal that the proposed model outperforms the competitive fusion models.

scholarly journals DNA Aptamers Specific for Legionella Pneumophila: Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment in Whole Bacterial Cells

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Xiong ◽  
Mingchen Xia ◽  
Qinglin Wang ◽  
Zhen Meng ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Systematic Evolution ◽  
Exponential Enrichment

Abstract Legionella pneumophila is the major causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever, which pose major public health problems. Rapid detection of L. pneumophila is important for global control of these diseases. Aptamers, short oligonucleotides that bind to targets with high affinity and specificity, have great potential for use in pathogenic bacterium detection, diagnostics, and therapy. Here, we used a whole-cell SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) method to isolate and characterize single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers against L. pneumophila. A total of 60 ssDNA sequences were identified after 17 rounds of selection. Other bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas syringae, Staphylococcus aureus, Legionella quateirensis, and Legionella adelaidensis) were used for counterselection to enhance the specificity of ssDNA aptamers against L. pneumophila. Four ssDNA aptamers showed strong affinity and high selectivity for L. pneumophila, with Kd values in the nanomolar range. Bioinformatic analysis of the most specific aptamers revealed predicted conserved secondary structures that might bind to L. pneumophila cell walls. In addition, the binding of these four fluorescently labeled aptamers to the surface of L. pneumophila was observed directly by fluorescence microscopy. This is the first study to use SELEX to target L. pneumophila whole cells. The aptamers identified in this study could be used in the future to develop medical diagnostic tools and public environmental detection assays for L. pneumophila.

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