scholarly journals "Communist" dispossession meets "reactionary" resistance

Focaal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (54) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Projit Bihari Mukharji
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Subjectivity ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Communist Government ◽  
Set Up

The reflections in this article were instigated by the repeated and brutal clashes since 2007 between peasants and the state government’s militias—both official and unofficial—over the issue of industrialization. A communist government engaging peasants violently in order to acquire and transfer their lands to big business houses to set up capitalist enterprises seemed dramatically ironic. De- spite the presence of many immediate causes for the conflict, subtle long-term change to the nature of communist politics in the state was also responsible for the present situation. This article identifies two trends that, though significant, are by themselves not enough to explain what is happening in West Bengal today. First, the growth of a culture of governance where the Communist Party actively seeks to manage rather than politicize social conflicts; second, the recasting of radical political subjectivity as a matter of identity rather than an instigation for critical self-reflection and self-transformation.

The Identity Crisis of Bengali Dalit Refugees in Manoranjan Byapari’s Autobiography Interrogating My Chandal Life

2021 ◽  
pp. 2455328X2110427
Author(s):  
Tarik Anowar
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
State Government ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
The State ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Lower Caste ◽  
Communist Government ◽  
Communist Party Of India

Manoranjan Byapari is a famous Bengali Dalit writer whose family migrated from East Pakistan and took shelter in a refugee camp in West Bengal. In his autobiography Interrogating My Chandal Life, Byapari has given an account of Bengali Dalits’ victimization on the basis of caste in the pre-Partition Bengal and post-Partition West Bengal. In colonial Bengal, Dalits were known as Chandal or Untouchables. In 1911, their identity was recognized as Namashudras. After migrating to West Bengal, they were identified as Bangal and Dalit refugee. West Bengal and central governments did not warmly welcome the Namashudra refugees. They were sent to refugee camps which were crowded, unhygienic and did not provide adequate dole. Later they were sent to Andaman, Dandakaranya and other parts of India for their rehabilitation. In this dire situation, the Communist Party of India (Marxist) appeared as the Messiah to the Dalits and protested against the rehabilitation policy of the ruling government. The fake sympathy of the communist party had been revealed when they came in power in 1977 in West Bengal. Most of the communist leaders were upper-caste Hindus. In 1979, communist government secretly massacred the Namashudra refugees who were settled on the Marichjhapi Island. The state sponsored murder of Dalits remained undiscovered for many years. This study will examine the impacts of the Partition of Bengal on Dalits. It will further address how the state government provided different treatment to the Namashudra refugees for their lower caste identity.

scholarly journals Pakatan Harapan dan Senario Politik Kelantan: Analisis Pengajaran Politik Pasca PRU 14 (2018-2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-55
Author(s):  
Saiyid Radzuwan Syed Sopi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Education System ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ruling Party

The 14th general election (GE 14) reveals that Pakatan Harapan (PH) had become a ruling party (2018-2020), but they failed to get any parliamentary or state assembly seats in Kelantan. The failure of PH to expand their influence in Kelantan is due to several traditional factors that are difficult for PH to break it out. This study is a qualitative study and reference materials that are physical and online are used as reference sources. In addition, information regarding political scenario in Kelantan also obtained through interviews with some respondents live in Kelantan. Therefore, this research found that the desire of PH to expand their influence in Kelantan was blurred. This is because PAS wisely set up a long-term political strategy by strengthening the education system under YIK, producing many hardcore supporters or fanatic followers, controlling the ‘surau’ and the mosques according to their needs and control of the state administration. Furthermore, PH needs to make concrete reformations to the party’s management such as producing talented young leaders and fostering a spirit of cooperation among members of the PH coalition if they are still interested in power in Kelantan.

scholarly journals The Balkans: A view into the future without internal and regional stability there is no integration into Europe

2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-201
Author(s):  
Zivorad Kovacevic
Keyword(s):  
Present Situation ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
International Community ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Regional Stability ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
To Come ◽  
Set Up

The author analyses the present situation and the prospects of internal and regional stability and security in the countries of the European South East. He says that we have now some peace and some stability and security in the region. The peace is fragile and more the state of no-war than stable peace. The fact remains that the self-sustaining regional stability remains a good distance away. The sources of regional instability are in uneliminated consequences of the recent wars and in the fact that nowhere in the region the complete discontinuity with the policies, ideologies, way of thinking and institutional set-up inherited from previous regimes has been realized. The region needs the coherent approach and active participation of the international community and its military presence in Bosnia, Kosovo and Macedonia for years to come. Let's not delude ourselves: if the troops were withdrawn today who could tell what would happen tomorrow.

Communities of hope? Gendered re-signification of microcredit in rural India

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-176
Author(s):  
Debarati Sen ◽  
Sarasij Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Rural India ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Development Alternatives

This chapter presents a picture of what gendered resilience looks like at the ground level in eastern India's Darjeeling district in the state of West Bengal. It focuses on how women interpret and react to popular market-based development alternatives like microcredit and the consequences this has had for community development. The chapter is divided into three sections. The first section charts the history and dynamics of microcredit's unfolding in Darjeeling and highlights the practices and discourses through which women demonstrate resilience. The second section lays out how and why women re-signify risk in the context of microcredit to make visible non-financial forms of risk that affect their families and, in turn, their communities. The third section explores how, after encountering the social and economic difficulties that came with the microcredit loans, many of the women set up their own groups for lending.

scholarly journals Is the Pelješac Bridge Construction Going to Affect Tourism Sustainability of the Peninsula?

Tourism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-321
Author(s):  
Ivo Kunst ◽  
Zoran Klarić
Keyword(s):  
Present Situation ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Bridge Construction ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Additional Pressure ◽  
Market Perception ◽  
The Moment

The whole area of Dubrovnik-Neretva county, situated in the southeastern part of Croatia, is at the moment, in terms of road accessability, still not satisfactorily connected with the rest of Croatia. The lack of its accessability is mostly caused by the fact that Bosnia and Herzegovina's border line cuts in two the Dubrovnik-Neretva county's (land) territory. As a result, on the way from southwest to southeast, or from Split to Dubrovnik, one needs to cross the state border with Bosnia and Herzegowina twice. The construction of the Peljesac Bridge (together with a set of interconnecting roads) should improve the present situation significantly, mainly due to the expected redirection of most of the traffic to the new route accross the Pelješac peninsula. It is fair to assume that this will additionally 'open' the entire Pelješac peninsula to the increased tourism related traffic, especially to the demand of one day visitors and/or weekend guests originating from the nearby regions. Since this will, most lilkely, create additional pressure on the environment, the aim of this paper is to investigate the extent to which, if any, the construction of the Pelješac bridge might affect future market perception, and, thus, the long term tourism sustainability of the Pelješac peninsula.

Bengal Partition Refugees at Sealdah Railway Station, 1950–60

2021 ◽  
pp. 026272802110548
Author(s):  
Anwesha Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
The State ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Government Facility ◽  
Autobiographical Accounts ◽  
A Site

This article focuses on the Sealdah railway station in Calcutta, West Bengal, as a site of refugee ‘settlement’ in the aftermath of British India’s partition. From 1946 to the late 1960s, the platforms of Sealdah remained crowded with Bengali Hindu refugees from East Pakistan. Some refugees stayed a few days, but many stayed for months, even years. Relying on newspaper reports, autobiographical accounts and official archives, this article elaborates how a busy railway station uniquely shaped the experiences of partition refugees. Despite severe infrastructural limitations, the railway platforms of Sealdah provided these refugee residents with certain opportunities. Many preferred to stay at Sealdah instead of moving to any government facility. However, even for the most long-term residents of Sealdah, it remained a temporary home, from where they were either shifted to government camps or themselves found accommodation in and around Calcutta. The article argues that by allowing the refugees to squat on a busy railway platform for months and years, the state recognised a unique right of these refugees, their right to wait, involving at least some agency in the process of resettling.

scholarly journals Making the State Blush

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Tess Altman
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Feminist Scholarship ◽  
Public Building ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common Values ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Affective Relations

The Australian state’s hostile deterrence policy toward people arriving by boat who seek asylum evokes polarized public sentiments. This article, which ethnographically follows a humanitarian NGO campaign in the lead-up to the 2016 Australian election, examines how citizens who opposed deterrence sought to affectively and morally influence the state and the public. Building on anthropological theories of the state and feminist scholarship on the sociality of emotion, I develop the notion of ‘affective relations’. Distinguishing from nationalist, humanitarian, and activist relations that set up divisive dynamics, campaigners invoked ‘humanizing’ to create affective relations based on common values, personalization, and responsiveness. Although the desired election results were not achieved, the focus on humanization represented a long-term shift to an inclusive alternative politics based on the transformation of power relations.

Analysis the Vegetation and Soil Moisture in Beijing-Tianjin Area to Prevent Desertification by Long-Term Satellite Remote Sensing

2013 ◽  
Vol 385-386 ◽  
pp. 388-391
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Feng Zhi Dai ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Chun Yu Yu ◽  
Nozomu Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Protection And Control ◽  
And Control

The desertification to Chinas Beijing-Tianjin area is analyzed by using the state of vegetation, soil moisture and meteorological data that are collected by the satellites. The state of vegetation, soil moisture and long-term changes of temperature and precipitation in the selected study areas (that are near Beijing-Tianjin area) is analyzed and compared, from which the trend of desertification is predicted. Thus the effective long-term protection and control strategy can be set up.

scholarly journals Unethical practices in the Slovak business environment: Entrepreneurs vs. the State?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
Anna Remišová ◽  
Anna Lašáková
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
State Level ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Unethical Practices ◽  
Business Entities

AbstractThis paper critically analyses one of the unexpected results of qualitative research aimed at detecting the presence of unethical business practices in Slovakia. The authors seek to find out why entrepreneurs participating in this research do not take responsibility for the development of business ethics and why, in their primary reflections on unethical practices in the Slovak business environment, have they shifted it almost completely to the State level (1), and whether their attitude is morally justified (2). The main theoretical foundation in the following analysis is the theory of development of business ethics on three levels (micro, mezzo and macro), also known as the “subject-matter of business ethics” approach. The paper discusses attitudes of the research sample, including Slovak entrepreneurs and company representatives, towards the State, and the consecutive critical reflection of their opinions shows that businesspersons tend to give up on their own proactive approach to the development of business ethics and position themselves in the role of an “expectant” instead of a “creator” of ethical standards in society. Furthermore, the paper points out that businesses lack ethical self-reflection in relation to corruption, more precisely, they lack reflection of their place in the corrupt relationship with the State. Given these findings, the paper concludes that an essential basis for the long-term development of business ethics in our country is the establishment of partnerships between the State and business entities, while recognizing the place of nongovernmental democratic institutions.

scholarly journals P. N. Haksar and Indira’s India: A Glimpse of the Domestic Sphere, 1967–1976

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Rakesh Ankit
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
International Politics ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
The Third ◽  
Congress Party ◽  
Range Of Functions

This article presents four episodes from the political period 1969 to 1976 in India, focusing on the views and actions of P. N. Haksar, Principal Secretary and Advisor to Prime Minister Indira Gandhi (1967–1973). Unlike the ‘national/international politics’ hitherto under focus from then, that is, the Congress split (1969), birth of Bangladesh (1971) and the JP Movement/Emergency (1974–1975), the aspects under consideration in this article are of subterranean existence. First of these aspects is the provincial reverberations of the Congress split, the case considered here being that of the Bombay Pradesh Congress Committee. Second is the attitude of the Congress Party towards left opposition, the Communist Party of India Marxist (CPI [M]) in West Bengal, as revealed through the anxieties of Governor Shanti Dhavan. The third aspect under consideration is a glimpse of centre–states relations, as shown through New Delhi’s interactions with the EMS Namboodiripad-led and CPI (M)-dominated United Front Government of Kerala. Finally, the article looks at Haksar’s attempts at planning and development for the state of Bihar. Each of these four themes was among the ‘wider range of functions’ that Mrs Gandhi wished to be performed by her Secretariat and to allow us to test how successful each of it was. Each of these provides a context for contemporary issues.

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