Age-Related Decrease in Cold-Activated Brown Adipose Tissue and Accumulation of Body Fat in Healthy Humans

Obesity ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1755-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Yoneshiro ◽  
Sayuri Aita ◽  
Mami Matsushita ◽  
Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura ◽  
Toshimitsu Kameya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brown Adipose

scholarly journals Brown adipose tissue is involved in diet-induced thermogenesis and whole-body fat utilization in healthy humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1655-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hibi ◽  
S Oishi ◽  
M Matsushita ◽  
T Yoneshiro ◽  
T Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fat Utilization ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis

Effect of adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid replacement on development of obesity

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (4) ◽  
pp. R595-R607 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Freedman ◽  
B. A. Horwitz ◽  
J. S. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Steroid Dose ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Obese Rats

Female obese and lean Zucker rats were adrenalectomized (ADX) or sham-operated at 4 wk of age. ADX animals were given daily injections of 0.01, 0.05, 0.50, 1.0, or 2.0 mg hydrocortisone/100 g body wt for 30 days. ADX rats gained less weight than sham-operated controls. Obese ADX rats at the lowest dose (0.01) had a net positive energy gain but lost body fat. As steroid dose increased, obese rats deposited more fat and less protein. Doses of 0.01 and 0.05 mg produced rats that were less fat than sham-operated controls, whereas doses of 0.50, 1.0, and 2.0 mg produced rats of comparable body fat composition. Obese rats were consistently fatter and had a significantly smaller percentage body protein than lean rats at each dose. Body fat elevation was reflected by heavier parametrial and retroperitoneal fat depots and larger fat cells at all doses except the lowest. Compared with sham-operated controls, lean and obese rats at the two lowest replacement doses (0.01, 0.05) exhibited significantly decreased plasma insulin and triglyceride levels and significantly elevated brown adipose tissue protein content and citrate synthase (CS) activity. Obese rats at these doses had significantly reduced adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the retroperitoneal depot and lower food intake. Furthermore, these obese rats had adipose depot weights, cell sizes, LPL activity, and plasma insulin, glucose, and triglyceride comparable to that of lean sham-operated controls. As steroid dose increased (0.5, 1.0, 2.0), plasma insulin and triglyceride and food intake markedly increased only in obese rats. Adipose tissue LPL activity appeared unaffected by dose. Brown adipose tissue protein content and CS activity significantly decreased as dose increased in both lean and obese rats. At all doses of replacement obese rats were more responsive to steroid than were lean rats. Obese rats receiving 0.01 mg had comparable fat depot weights, cell sizes, and plasma insulin and triglyceride as lean rats receiving 50 times as much steroid per day (0.50 mg). These results suggest glucocorticoids play an important role in the early development of obesity in the Zucker rat and support the hypothesis that obese rats are more responsive to glucocorticoids than are lean rats.

Leptin selectively reduces white adipose tissue in mice via a UCP1-dependent mechanism in brown adipose tissue

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (2) ◽  
pp. E372-E377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott P. Commins ◽  
Patricia M. Watson ◽  
Isabell C. Frampton ◽  
Thomas W. Gettys
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Peripheral Mechanism ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

We tested the hypothesis that leptin, in addition to reducing body fat by restraining food intake, reduces body fat through a peripheral mechanism requiring uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Leptin was administered to wild-type (WT) mice and mice with a targeted disruption of the UCP1 gene (UCP1 deficient), while vehicle-injected control animals of each genotype were pair-fed to each leptin-treated group. Leptin reduced the size of white adipose tissue (WAT) depots in WT mice but not in UCP1-deficient animals. This was accompanied by a threefold increase in the amount of UCP1 protein and mRNA in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of WT mice. Leptin also increased UCP2 mRNA in WAT of both WT and UCP1-deficient mice but increased UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA only in BAT from UCP1-deficient mice. These results indicate that leptin reduces WAT through a peripheral mechanism requiring the presence of UCP1, with little or no involvement of UCP2 or UCP3.

Correlation of Brown Adipose Tissue with Other Body Fat Compartments and Patient Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Brendle ◽  
Matthias K. Werner ◽  
Maria Schmadl ◽  
Christian la Fougère ◽  
Konstantin Nikolaou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Brown Adipose

Differential Responses of White Adipose Tissue and Brown Adipose Tissue to Calorie Restriction During Aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlu Sheng ◽  
Fan Xia ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Yifan Lv ◽  
Shan Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brown Adipose

Abstract Age-related adipose tissue dysfunction is potentially important in the development of insulin resistance and metabolic disorder. Caloric restriction (CR) is a robust intervention to reduce adiposity, improve metabolic health, and extend healthy life span. Both white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) are involved in energy homeostasis. CR triggers the beiging of WAT in young mice; however, the effects of CR on beiging of WAT and function of BAT during aging are unclear. This study aimed to investigate how age and CR impact the beiging of WAT, the function of BAT, and metabolic health in mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed CR diet (40% less than the ad libitum [AL] diet) for 3 months initiated in young (3 months), middle-aged (12 months), and old (19 months) stage. We found age-related changes in different types of adipose tissue, including adipocyte enlargement, declined beiging of WAT, and declined thermogenic and β-oxidational function of BAT. Moreover, CR attenuated age-associated adipocyte enlargement and prevented the age-related decline in beiging potential of WAT. These protective effects on the beiging potential were significant in inguinal WAT at all three ages, which were significant in epididymal WAT at young and old age. In contrast, thermogenic and β-oxidational function of BAT further declined after CR in the young age group. In conclusion, our findings reveal the contribution of WAT beiging decline to age-related metabolic disorder and suggest nutritional intervention, specifically targeting WAT beiging, as an effective approach to metabolic health during aging.

scholarly journals Orexin Restores Aging-Related Brown Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyan Sellayah ◽  
Devanjan Sikder
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
The Impact

The aging process causes an increase in percent body fat, but the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study we examined the impact of aging on brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity as potential cause for the increase in adiposity. We show that aging is associated with interscapular BAT morphologic abnormalities and thermogenic dysfunction. In vitro experiments revealed that brown adipocyte differentiation is defective in aged mice. Interscapular brown tissue in aged mice is progressively populated by adipocytes bearing white morphologic characteristics. Aged mice fail to mobilize intracellular fuel reserves from brown adipocytes and exhibit deficiency in homeothermy. Our results suggest a role for orexin (OX) signaling in the regulation of thermogenesis during aging. Brown fat dysfunction and age-related assimilation of fat mass were accelerated in mice in which OX-producing neurons were ablated. Conversely, OX injections in old mice increased multilocular morphology, increased core body temperature, improved cold tolerance, and reduced adiposity. These results argue that BAT can be targeted for interventions to reverse age-associated increase in fat mass.

Energy balance following sympathetic denervation of brown adipose tissue

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Dulloo ◽  
D. S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Brown Adipose

The effects of sham, bilateral surgical denervation or excision of interscapular brown adipose tissue on body composition and energetic efficiency were studied in young CFLP mice kept at 25 °C and fed a laboratory stock diet. A preliminary experiment showed that 15 weeks following surgery, total body fat was increased by 42% in the denervated group and by 72% in the excised group while body protein was unchanged. In another 7-week energy balance experiment, body fat was also significantly higher by 15 and 18% in the denervated and excised group, respectively, but metabolizable energy intake was slightly lower than that of sham controls. Determination of energy expenditure both by the comparative carcass slaughter technique and by measurement of daily oxygen consumption showed that the metabolic rate was reduced in the denervated and excised groups. The capacity for thermogenesis, as measured by an increase in oxygen consumption following injections of noradrenaline (600 μg/kg body weight) was similar in all groups. These studies show that denervation or excision of interscapular brown adipose tissue causes an elevation in energetic efficiency, and indicates an important role of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of animal heat production by brown adipose tissue and in the overall control of thermogenesis.

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