Correction: Circulating levels of soluble Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 are reduced in human subjects hospitalized for severe COVID-19 infections

A strong association has been reported between atherosclerotic diseases and fibrinogen levels, and a decreased whole body protein synthesis has also been reported with aging. We investigated the effect of age on fractional synthesis rates (FSR) of fibrinogen and albumin in 12 human subjects of young (20–30 yr), middle (45–60 yr), and old (65–79 yr) age by use ofl-[1-13C]leucine andl-[15N]phenylalanine as tracers. An age-related decline in FSR of fibrinogen ( P < 0.01) was observed with use of both tracers, with the maximal decrease (average 37% with α-[13C]ketoisocaproate as the precursor) occurring by middle age and with no further changes thereafter. In contrast, plasma concentrations of fibrinogen increased with age ( P < 0.002). There was no age-related change in synthesis rate and concentrations of albumin. An age-related decline in fibrinogen FSR, but not FSR of albumin, indicates a differential effect of age on synthesis rate of these two liver proteins. This study also demonstrated that the increased circulating levels of fibrinogen represent a slower rate of disposal of fibrinogen rather than an increased production rate.

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Effects of exercise, altitude, and food on blood hormone and metabolite levels

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1978.45.3.350 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 350-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

M. J. Stock ◽

C. Chapman ◽

J. L. Stirling ◽

I. T. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Marked Effect ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Preceding Paper ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Moderate Exercise ◽

Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽

Circulating Levels

Measurements of blood glucose and plasma free fatty acids (FFA), thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were made on samples taken from fed and fasted human subjects while at rest and immediately after 20 min moderate exercise. Six subjects were studied on successive weeks before (LA1), during (HA1, HA2, HA3), and after (LA2) a 3-wk sojourn at high altitude (3,650 m). The subjects and location were the same as those used for the energy expenditure measurements described in the preceding paper (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 45:345--349, 1978). The most marked effect of altitude was to potentiate the rise in FFA due to exercise. This effect was most noticeable in fed subjects during HA1 and HA2. Changes in the plasma levels of the thyroid hormones correlated with the FFA changes and, once again, exercise at altitude caused the greatest increase in circulating levels. Possible causes of the parallel changes in FFA and thyroid hormone levels and their relationship to changes in energy metabolism are discussed.

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Glucagon-like peptide-1(7–36)amide and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide secretion in response to nutrient ingestion in man: acute post-prandial and 24-h secretion patterns

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1380159 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 138 (1) ◽

pp. 159-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 442

Author(s):

R. M. Elliott ◽

L. M. Morgan ◽

J. A. Tredger ◽

S. Deacon ◽

J. Wright ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Subjects ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Mixed Meal ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Protein Meal ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽

Circulating Levels

ABSTRACT The acute effects of different macronutrients on the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1(7–36)amide (GLP-1(7–36)amide) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were compared in healthy human subjects. Circulating levels of the two hormones were measured over a 24-h period during which subjects consumed a mixed diet. In the first study, eight subjects consumed three equicaloric (375 kcal) test meals of carbohydrate, fat and protein. Small increases in plasma GLP-1(7–36) amide were found after all meals. Levels reached a maximum 30 min after the carbohydrate and 150 min after the fat load. Ingestion of both carbohydrate and fat induced substantial rises in GIP secretion, but the protein meal had no effect. In a second study, eight subjects consumed 75 g glucose or the equivalent portion of complex carbohydrate as boiled brown rice or barley. Plasma GIP, insulin and glucose levels increased after all three meals, the largest increase being observed following glucose and the smallest following the barley meal. Plasma GLP-1(7–36)amide levels rose only following the glucose meal. In the 24-h study, plasma GLP-1(7–36)amide and GIP concentrations were increased following every meal and remained elevated throughout the day, only falling to fasting levels at night. The increases in circulating GLP-1(7–36)amide and GIP levels following carbohydrate or a mixed meal are consistent with their role as incretins. The more sustained rises observed in the daytime during the 24-h study are consistent with an anabolic role in lipid metabolism. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 138, 159–166

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The circulating levels of CTRP5 and the ratio of CTRP1 to CTRP5 plasma levels are significant predictors for cIMT value in patients with type 2 diabetes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20710/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ziba Majidi ◽

Abolfazl Omidifar ◽

Solaleh Emamgholipour ◽

Soheil Rahmani Fard ◽

Hossein Poustchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Thickness Measurement ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Visceral Adiposity Index ◽

Circulating Levels

Abstract Background There is growing evidence that C1qTNF-related protein (CTRP) family has crucial role in physiology and pathophysiology of metabolic disorders such as Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and obesity. We sought to identify the association of CTRP1 and CTRP5 circulating levels with various obesity parameters such as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) thickness, visceral adiposity index (VAI) and with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in patients with T2D and healthy subjects. Methods This case- control study recruited 42 T2D patients and 42 healthy adults (all men). cIMT and VAT thickness measurement were performed using an Accuvix XQ ultrasound. Circulating CTRP1 and CTRP5 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results CTRP-1 and CTRP1/CTRP5 ratio were markedly higher in patients with T2D compared to controls (p < 0001 and p < 0004 respectively). Interestingly, binominal logistic regression revealed that higher circulating level of CTRP1 was associated with presence of T2D (odds ratio [OR]: 13203.554 [95% CI: 65.186-2674407.708]; P=.000). When considering the study population as a whole, CTRP1 circulating levels were correlated with WHR, VAT and HOMA-IR. In addition, we observed that the ratio of CTRP1 to CTRP5 plasma levels (β = 0.648, P=0.005) and CTRP5 circulating levels (β = 0.4 44, P=0.049) are significant predictors for cIMT value. Conclusions Our results indicated that CTRP1 and CTRP5 concentrations were correlated with atherosclerosis in human subjects and these adipokines might have a causal role for cardiometabolic risk in type 2 diabetes disease

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Circulating levels of glucagon-like peptide-2 in human subjects with inflammatory bowel disease

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.4.r1057 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 278 (4) ◽

pp. R1057-R1063 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Qiang Xiao ◽

Robin P. Boushey ◽

Maria Cino ◽

Daniel J. Drucker ◽

Patricia L. Brubaker

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Relative Activity ◽

Human Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Circulating Levels

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a recently characterized intestine-derived peptide that exerts trophic activity in the small and large intestine. Whether circulating levels of GLP-2 are perturbed in the setting of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unknown. The circulating levels of bioactive GLP-2-(1—33) compared with its degradation product GLP-2-(3—33) were assessed using a combination of RIA and HPLC in normal and immunocompromised control human subjects and patients hospitalized for IBD. The activity of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV), a key determinant of GLP-2-(1—33) degradation was also assessed in the plasma of normal controls and subjects with IBD. The circulating levels of bioactive GLP-2-(1—33) were increased in patients with either ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's Disease (CD; to 229 ± 65 and 317 ± 89%, P < 0.05, of normal, respectively). Furthermore, the proportion of total immunoreactivity represented by intact GLP-2-(1—33), compared with GLP-2-(3—33), was increased from 43 ± 3% in normal healthy controls to 61 ± 6% ( P < 0.01) and 59 ± 2% ( P < 0.01) in patients with UC and CD, respectively. The relative activity of plasma DP IV was significantly reduced in subjects with IBD compared with normal subjects (1.4 ± 0.3 vs. 5.0 ± 1.1 mU/ml, respectively; P< 0.05). These results suggest that patients with active IBD may undergo an adaptive response to intestinal injury by increasing the circulating levels of bioactive GLP-2-(1—33), facilitating enhanced repair of the intestinal mucosal epithelium in vivo.

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Plasma ghrelin levels and hunger scores in humans initiating meals voluntarily without time- and food-related cues

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00582.2003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 287 (2) ◽

pp. E297-E304 ◽

Cited By ~ 319

Author(s):

D. E. Cummings ◽

R. Scott Frayo ◽

Corinne Marmonier ◽

Roberte Aubert ◽

Didier Chapelot

Keyword(s):

Human Subjects ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Food Samples ◽

Visual Analog Scales ◽

Wide Range ◽

External Cues ◽

Relative Differences ◽

Temporal Profiles ◽

Circulating Levels ◽

Secondary Consequence

Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone that is implicated in meal initiation, in part because circulating levels rise before meals. Because previous human studies have examined subjects fed on known schedules, the observed preprandial ghrelin increases could have been a secondary consequence of meal anticipation. A causal role for ghrelin in meal initiation would be better supported if preprandial increases occurred before spontaneously initiated meals not prompted by external cues. We measured plasma ghrelin levels among human subjects initiating meals voluntarily without cues related to time or food. Samples were drawn every 5 min between a scheduled lunch and a freely requested dinner, and hunger scores were obtained using visual analog scales. Insulin, glucose, fatty acids, leptin, and triglycerides were also measured. Ghrelin levels decreased shortly after the first meal in all subjects. A subsequent preprandial increase occurred over a wide range of intermeal intervals (IMI; 320–425 min) in all but one subject. Hunger scores and ghrelin levels showed similar temporal profiles and similar relative differences in magnitude between lunch and dinner. One subject displayed no preprandial ghrelin increase and was also the only individual whose insulin levels did not return to baseline between meals. This finding, along with a correlation between area-under-the-curve values of ghrelin and insulin, suggests a role for insulin in ghrelin regulation. The preprandial increase of ghrelin levels that we observed among humans initiating meals voluntarily, without time- or food-related cues, and the overlap between these levels and hunger scores are consistent with a role for ghrelin in meal initiation.

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Elevated level of circulatory sTLT1 induces inflammation through SYK/MEK/ERK signalling in coronary artery disease

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20190999 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 133 (22) ◽

pp. 2283-2299

Author(s):

Apabrita Ayan Das ◽

Devasmita Chakravarty ◽

Debmalya Bhunia ◽

Surajit Ghosh ◽

Prakash C. Mandal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Critical Role ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Artery Disease

Abstract The role of inflammation in all phases of atherosclerotic process is well established and soluble TREM-like transcript 1 (sTLT1) is reported to be associated with chronic inflammation. Yet, no information is available about the involvement of sTLT1 in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Present study was undertaken to determine the pathophysiological significance of sTLT1 in atherosclerosis by employing an observational study on human subjects (n=117) followed by experiments in human macrophages and atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E (apoE)−/− mice. Plasma level of sTLT1 was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in clinical (2342 ± 184 pg/ml) and subclinical cases (1773 ± 118 pg/ml) than healthy controls (461 ± 57 pg/ml). Moreover, statistical analyses further indicated that sTLT1 was not only associated with common risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in both clinical and subclinical groups but also strongly correlated with disease severity. Ex vivo studies on macrophages showed that sTLT1 interacts with Fcɣ receptor I (FcɣRI) to activate spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK)-mediated downstream MAP kinase signalling cascade to activate nuclear factor-κ B (NF-kB). Activation of NF-kB induces secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from macrophage cells that plays pivotal role in governing the persistence of chronic inflammation. Atherosclerotic apoE−/− mice also showed high levels of sTLT1 and TNF-α in nearly occluded aortic stage indicating the contribution of sTLT1 in inflammation. Our results clearly demonstrate that sTLT1 is clinically related to the risk factors of CAD. We also showed that binding of sTLT1 with macrophage membrane receptor, FcɣR1 initiates inflammatory signals in macrophages suggesting its critical role in thrombus development and atherosclerosis.

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